ox, and sheep, and ass, with the edge of the sword.. And they burnt the city with fire, and all that was therein.... And Joshua saved Rahab the harlot alive, and her father's household, and all that she had. Josh. vii. relates the circumstances of Achan's secreting a Babylonish garment, two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels' weight, contrary to the divine command for which crime he and all he had were destroyed in the valley of Achor. Jericho fled from the city, every The editor of 1829 proceeds to state that, one to the mountains. xxviii. 20-25. Achan is represented as charging Joshua with having "taken from the congregation all the gold, all the silver, and all the brass: even all the spoils of the city of Jericho, and given it to the tribe of Levi." For which crime he ALONE was stoned. Ilive's forgery was published in 1751 for two shillings and sixpence. For the publication (9 b.) printed at Bristol, in 1829, the modest charge of TEN SHILLINGS was originally made, which was subsequently increased to one pound sterling. Of this publication the author is now to give some account. Though published apparently for the first time in 1829, there is every reason for concluding that this is an unacknowledged reprint of Ilive's forgery, with some unimportant variations (which will be pointed out in the course of the present article), and for the follow ing reasons: 1. The TITLE-PAGE, with the exception of the few sentences printed in italics in page 63., is the same as in Ilive's forgery. The two titles are there printed in columns, in order that the reader may the more readily compare them: he will observe that the editor of the Bristol publication in 1829 expressly says that the pseudo-book of Jasher is "Translated into ENGLISH from the Hebrew." In his proposal for a new edition, already alluded to, this is altered into- Translated into ANGLO-SAXON from the Hebrew" Query, by whom was this pretended Anglo-Saxon version translated into modern English? 2. The "ADVERTISEMENT," if not colourably altered, is evidently taken from Ilive's preliminary letter to a nameless earl; as will be evident to any one who compares the following extracts. 9 a. The BOOK OF JASHER. 1751. 96. THE BOOK OF JASHER. 1829. "To the Right Honourable the Earl of ******. My Lord, The following translation of the Book of Jasher fell into my hands thirty years ago" [that is, in 1721]" by mere accident. I was travelling in the North of England, to see the country.' Ilive then proceeds to give a false account of his purchasing the manuscript at an auction of "the goods and books of an old gentleman lately deceased, who was upwards of one hundred years of age." Among the papers" (Ilive continues), "my lord, I found the following translation of the Book of Jasher, which I last summer communicated to your lordship on a rumour of a new translation of the Bible. I own that till then it lay by me quite unregarded. Your lordship, upon perusal, was pleased to approve of it, and to advise its publication as a WORK OF GREAT SINCERITY, PLAINNESS, AND TRUTH. Your lordship's remark I must not omit, That it was your opinion the Book of Jasher ought to have been printed in the Bible before that of Jo shua.'" The following translation of "The Book of Jasher" was discovered by a gentleman in a journey through the North of England in 1721. "It lay by him for several years, until, in 1750, there was a ru mour of a new translation of the Bible, when he laid it before a no ble earl. On perusal he highly approved of it, AS A WORK OF GREAT SINCERITY, PLAINNESS, AND TRUTH. His lordship's opinion was that it should have been placed in the Bible before the Book of Joshua." He further adds: "BY A WRITING ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE MANUSCRIPT IT "Since 1751" [the reader will bear in mind that this is the identical date of Ilive's forgery] the manuscript' has been preserved with great care by a gentleman, who lived to a very advanced age, and died some time since. On the event of his death, a friend to whom he had presented it gave it to the present editor, who, conceiving that so valuable a piece of antiquity should not be lost to men of literature, and biblical students, has committed it to the press, not doubting but that the attention of the learned will be attracted to so singular a volume." The editor of 1829 further adds, that " he cannot assert any thing from his own knowledge beyond Alcuin's account, but that carries with it such an air of probability and truth, that he does not doubt its authenticity."-" Nothing" (he affirms in his "Preliminary Dissertation on the Antiquity and Authenticity of the Book of Jasher")" can be produced to invalidate this authentic statement, and consequently it merits our credence." (p. v.) Again, "As a book of record, it appears to have truth, without mixture of error, for its peculiar object and design." (p. vi.) And in the concluding paragraph of his "Testimonies and Notes concerning the Book of Jasher" (p. 9. col. 2.), he expresses himself in the following terms:-"Thus, then, it appears that, as far as such a work can be authenticated, this possesses every proof of being a transcript of the original manuscript; and, consequently, that it is worthy to be preserved as a collateral evidence of the facts detailed more fully in the writings of Moses, the Book of Joshua, and the Book of Judges." A reference to the positive historical evidence of Mr. Rowe-Mores above given, and also to the internal evidence furnished by the anachronisms, falsehoods, and contradictions, in Ilive's forgery (see pages 64, 65.), all which are to be found, verbatim, literatim, et punctuatim, in the edition of 1829, must convince the reader that this publication is neither "authentic," nor does it "merit" any credence" whatever; and that, with the exception of such passages as are copied from our authorized translation of the Bible, it is a worthless tissue of "error" and falsehood, without the slightest "mixture of truth." In the Dublin Christian Examiner, or Church of Ireland Magazine, for June, 1831 (vol. xi. pp. 426-429.), there is an able exposure of this edition of 1829, containing five or six instances of falsehoods and contradictions, différent from those above given in pages 64, 65., to which we refer the reader who may be desirous of further evidence, and also to the British Critic for January, 1834, pp. 127-153. "Some account of this volume" (says the editor of 1829) "may be found in Alcuin's works, published in one volume, fol. in the year 1600, in Paris." Now, what is the fact? The FIRST edition of Alcuin's collected works was published at Paris by André Duchesne (Andreas Quercetanus) only seventeen years AFTER the date assigned by the Bristol editor, viz. in 1617, in three parts, forming one volume, folio; and in this collection of Alcuin's works No BOOK OF JASHER IS TO BE FOUND. As Duchesne's editio princeps is not of very common occurrence, the reader, who may be desirous of seeing a list of the pieces actually written by Alcuin, is referred to Dupin's Bibliothèque des Auteurs Ecclésiastiques, tom. vi. pp. 120-123. 4to. 1692, and to Dr. Cave's Historia Literaria, pp. 420, 421.; each of whom has given a catalogue of Alcuin's works from Duchesne's edition, and they are both totally silent concerning the pretended Book of Jasher. 3. Although the concluding paragraph of " the Translator's Preface" in the edition of 1751 is omitted in the reprint of 1829, the editor of the latter must have been acquainted with it, as the subjoined verbal coincidences are too minute and specific to be merely accidental. (9 a.) ILIVE'S BOOK OF JASHER, 1751. (p. vi.) "Some years after my arrival I related this adventure to several, and showed them the work, who advised me not to suffer a copy of it to fall into the hands of the stationers, lest I should incur the displeasure of the purple. Being now GROWN OLD and infirm, I have LEFT IT among OTHER papers TO A CLERGYMAN IN YORKSHIRE." (9 b.) Book of JASHER, 1829. (p. v.) "It appears he" [Jasher] "never made it public, beyond the circle of his friends, and when GROWN OLD he LEFT IT, with his OTHER manuscripts, TO A friend, a PRIEST IN YORKSHIRE." 4. The "Various Readings," which follow "the words of Alcuin," are verbatim the same in both publications, except that, in the Bristol edition of 1829, "desart"-the supposed various reading in chap. xii. 18.-is printed desert. SHOULD SEEM THAT THIS TRANS- 5. The pseudo-book of Jasher itself is next in order; and it COIN LATION WAS LAID BEFORE OUR FIRST REFORMERS, BECAUSE IT SAYS: 'I HAVE READ THE BOOK OF JASHER TWICE OVER; AND I MUCH APPROVE OF IT, AS A PIECE OF GREAT ANTIQUITY AND CU RIOSITY, BUT I CANNOT assert, THAT IT SHOULD BE MADE A PART OF THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE. CIDES with Ilive's fabrication printed in 1751, with most marvellous exactness, both as to certain GRAMMATICAL BLUNDERS, and also as to the MATTER which the two publications severally contain [i.] GRAMMATICAL BLUNDERS. In the title-pages of both publications we have," To which IS prefixed Various Readings," for are prefixed. Compare page 63. supra. In the prospectus of 1833, above referred to, for "manuscript" the word "copy" is substituted-a general term, which is equally applicable to printed inatter as to manuscript. The editor of the Bristol reprint never exhibited his pretended manuscript to the critical examination of the learned. 2 On the anachronism in this word, see the remrak 4. [ii.] in page 61.. supra. In Jasher, chap. vii. 7. we read, "Thus haTH said our fathers," [ii.] WITH REGARD TO THE CONTENTS. The variations in the edition of 1829 are such as might be made by any careful compositor, and cannot (we conceive) in any degree affect the identity of the two publications. 6. The "Testimonies and Notes" appended to both publications are for the most part the same, and profess to bear the names of Hur, Phinehas, Othniel, Jazer, Jezer, Zadock, and Tobias. On the miraculous passage of the Israelites over the Red Sea, the editor of the Bristol impression of the Book of Jasher has inserted a note, chiefly taken from Dr. Hales's Analysis of Chronology, vindicating that miracle against the skeptical objections of Michaelis. The notes on ch. i. of Ilive's edition in 1751 are omitted; as also are the two concluding notes on ch. xviii., and the whole of those on ch. xix. and following to the end: in which " chapters," says the editor of 1829, "nothing occurs but what fully accords with the statements of Moses." (Testimonies, p. 9.) If, however, the reader will turn back to p. 64., he will find only FIVE passages which Do directly CONTRADICT “the statements of Moses," besides four more in pages 64, 65., which equally contradict the book of Joshua. The result, then, of the preceding examination is, that the pretended Book of Jasher is a gross and shameless LITERARY FORGERY, which has no claim whatever to "credence," and which is utterly destitute of authenticity. Respecting the Book of Jasher mentioned in Josh. x. 13. and 2 Sam. i. 18., see Vol. I. p. 57. and Vol. II. p. 216. There is also extant a rabbinical-Hebrew Book of Jasher printed at Venice in 1625, which is an explanation of the histories comprised in the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua. Bartolocci, in his Bibliotheca Rabbinica, states that it contains some curious but many fabulous things; and particularly, that this book was discovered at the time of the destruction of the temple at Jerusalem in a certain place, in which an old man was shut up, in whose possession a great number of Hebrew books were found, and among them the Book of Jasher; which was first carried into Spain, and preserved at Seville, whence finally it was taken to Naples, where it was first published. (Vol. iii. p. 934.) Bartolocci also mentions (in p. 868.) a treatise on the Jewish Laws, composed by rabbi Tham, and called Sepher Jasher, or the Book of Jasher, which was printed at Cracow in 1617. 10. Codex Pseudepigraphus Veteris Testamenti, collectus, castigatus, Testimoniisque, Censuris, et Animadversionibus, illustratus. Accedit Josephi veteris Christiani scriptoris Hypomnesticon: cum versione ac notis Johannis Alberti FABRICII. Hamburgi et Lipsia, 1713-23, 2 vols. in 3 tomis, 8vo. Editio secunda, Hamburgi, 1741, 2 tomis, 8vo. which his Codex Pseudepigraphus Veteris Testamenti consists. The bare enumeration of these forgeries would extend this article to an undue length: but there are three apocryphal productions, bearing the names of Enoch, Isaiah, and Ezra, which have been rescued from utter oblivion by the Rev. Dr. Laurence (now Archbishop of Cashel), and which are of sufficient importance to claim a distinct notice. 11. The Book of Enoch the Prophet: an Apocryphal Production supposed to have been lost for ages; but discovered at the close of the last century in Abyssinia, now first translated from an Ethiopic MS. in the Bodleian Library. By Richard LATRENCE, LL.D. Archbishop of Cashel. Oxford, 1821. Second edition, corrected and enlarged, 1833. 8vo. The Apocryphal Book of Enoch, in the last and preceding cen tury, proved a prolific subject for critical speculation and theolog cal discussion. The circumstance of its having been quoted by an inspired writer of the New Testament,' augmented the despair of recovering a supposed treasure which had been long lost. It was known until the eighth century of the Christian æra, after which it seems to have sunk into complete oblivion. A considerable frag ment of it, however, was discovered by Julius Cæsar Scaliger, in the Chronographia of Georgius Syncellus; a work which had not then been printed. He extracted the whole of this fragment, which he published in his notes to the Chronicle of Eusebius. Still, however, as it did not contain the passage quoted by St. Jude, doubts were entertained, whether the apostle really referred to the same production as was cited by Syncellus, or derived his infor mation respecting the prophecy of Enoch from some other source. Since the discovery of Scaliger, much has been written, but very little if any additional information has been obtained upon this subject. The fullest account of the opinions entertained by the Fathers, and the quotations which they made from this celebrated apocryphal production, before it was lost, as well as what has since been conjectured respecting it by modern critics, are to be found in the Codex Pseudepigraphus of Fabricius,3 above mentioned, who has also printed at length the Greek fragment of it preserved by nothing more than a mere translation from some Hebrew or Chal Syncellus. But though the Greek copy of this book (itself perhaps dee original) seems to have been irretrievably lost, yet an idea prevailed, so early as the commencement of the seventeenth century, that an Ethiopic version of it still existed in Abyssinia. Finally, researches were made for it by the distinguished Ethiopic_scholar Ludolph; and every idea that the book was extant in an Ethiopic version was altogether abandoned from that time until towards the close of the last century, when our enterprising countryman, Mr. Bruce, not only proved its existence, but brought with him from Abyssinia three manuscript copies of it, one of which he presented to the Library at Paris, another to the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and the third he reserved for himself. From the Bodleian MS. Archbp. Laurence has made his translation, to which he has prefixed an elaborate preliminary dissertation on the history, &e, of this apocryphal production, to which we are principally indebted for the present outline of its contents. The subject of the apocry phal Book of Enoch is, a series of visions respecting the fallen angels, their posterity, the giants which occasioned the deluge, the mysteries of heaven, the place of the final judgment of men and angels, and various parts of the universe seen by Enoch. The language is the purest Ethiopic, and its style is evidently copied after that of the book of Daniel. In an appendix, Dr. Laurence has Baron Sylvestre de Sacy from the Paris manuscript. printed a Latin version of many chapters, executed by the learned Dr. L. also announces that Professor Gesenius of Halle has it in contempla tion to publish a transcript of the Parisian copy, accompanied with a Latin translation. mitted the Book of Enoch into the canon, it was regarded by a Although neither the Jewish nor the Christian church ever adlearned but in some respects fanciful writer of the second century, Tertullian, both as an inspired composition, and also as the genuine production of him whose name it bears; but his opinion is contradicted by the uniform judgment of the Jewish and of the Chriscanonical books it was never enumerated. tian church (the Abyssinian church alone excepted), among whose Dr. Laurence has proved, by internal evidence, that the production in question was the composition of some unknown Jew, under the borrowed name of Enoch; that it must have originally been extant in Hebrew, though such original is now lost; and he has further argued that it was written before the rise of Christianity, by a Jew, who did not reside in Palestine, and most probably at an early period of Herod's reign, about ninety-six (perhaps one hundred) years before the have been controverted at great length in a critique in the Chrisepistle of Jude was written. But the learned prelate's arguments tian Observer (vol. xxx. pp. 417-426. 496-503.), the author of which has, from internal evidence, which does not admit of abridg 1 Jude, ver. 14, 15. 2 Pp. 404, 405. edit. Amst. 1658. Besides the books commonly termed apocryphal, which have been deservedly rejected from the canon of Scripture, there are numerous spurious productions extant, the earliest of which (the pretended Book of Enoch) could not have been written till shortly before the commencement of the Christian sera; but by far the greatest part of them were forged between the second and fourth given in a note to vol. ii. pp. 424-426. of the octavo edition of Mr. Bruce's centuries. The industrious bibliographer, John Albert Fabricius, col-travels, by the editor, Mr. Murray. Vol. i. pp. 160-221. In pp. 222, 3. Fabricius mentions twenty different authors who have more or less alluded to this book. A short summary of the contents of the Apocryphal Book of Enoch is lected fragments and notices of all (or nearly all) these productions, Tertulliani Opera, pp. 95. 150, 151. The passages are given at length by which he has discussed in the two hundred and forty chapters of | Dr. Laurence. Prel. Diss. pp. xv.-xvii. ment, shown that this apocryphal book was not and could not have been written earlier than the middle of the second century of the Christian æra. The additions in the second impression consist, 1. of Greek Extracts (accompanied with a Latin version) from the Book of Enoch given by Syncellus in his Chronographia, and 2. of a Synopsis of the contents of the work. 12. Ascensio Isaia Vatis, Opusculum Pseudepigraphum, multis abhinc seculis, ut videtur, deperditum, nunc autem apud Ethiopas compertum, et cum versione Latina Anglicanaque publici juris factum. A Ricardo LAURENCE, LL.D. Hebraica Lingua Professore Regio, &c. Oxonii et Londini, 1819, 8vo. This volume contains a pretended history of the prophet Isaiah's ascension through the firmament and six heavens into the seventh; together with some pseudo-prophecies, and a relation of the prophet's martyrdom. With a view to ascertain the date of this composition, as no satisfactory external evidence is furnished by the early writers who have incidently mentioned it, Dr. Laurence has instituted a minute investigation of the internal testimony, furnished by the production itself. The result of this examination, which is conducted with singular acuteness and felicity, is that the ascension of Isaiah must have been composed towards the close of the year 68 or in the beginning of the year 69. From the circumstance of an anonymous author having used in the Ethiopic the unusual Greek word for the roof of a house, while in the Hebrew and in all the versions the word signifies, a net (that is, a lattice placed in the flat roof to light the apartment beneath, see 2 Kings i. 2.) the learned editor concludes that this production must have been written in Greek. It appears, however, that this Greek word was in use in Egypt in the second century, whence in all probability it crept into the Ethiopic language about that period. A Jew writing in Greek would have used that word which his own Scriptures and the Septuagint had previously adopted in 2 Kings i. 2. A translator would have used the first term that suggested itself. From the prevalence of the oriental orthography of particular words, as well as from the Hebrew Scriptures being quoted instead | of the Greek version in a passage where they differ, it seems more probable that the Ascensio Isaia was originally written in Hebrew, the native tongue of the writer. (See Antijacobin Review for July, 1819, vol. lvi. pp. 430, 431.) 13. Primi Ezra Libri, qui apud Vulgatam appellatur quartus, Versio Ethiopica, nunc primum in medio prolata, et Latine Angliceque reddita a Ricardo LAURENCE, LL.D. &c. &c. Oxoniæ, 1820, 8vo. SECTION II. APOCRYPHAL BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. 1. CODEX Apocryphus Novi Testamenti, collectus, castigatus, testimoniisque, censuris, et animadversionibus illustratus, à Jovols. 8vo. ; 1719, 2 vols. 8vo. Pars III. Hamburgi, 1743, 8vo. anne Alberto FABRICIO. Partes I. et II. Hamburgi, 1703, 2 to be met with complete. The learned Mr. Jones made great use A curious collection of Apocryphal pieces, which is not very often of it, and, in fact, translated the greater part of it in his elaborate work on the Canons of the New Testament, which is noticed in page 68. of this Appendix. 2. Auctarium Codicis Apocryphi N. T. Fabriciani, continens plura inedita, alia ad fidem cod. MSS. emendatius expressa. Congessit, disposuit, edidit, Andreas BIRCH. Fasciculus primus. Havniæ, 1804. 8vo. 3. Acta S. Thomæ Apostoli. Ex Codd. Paris. primum edidit, et adnotationibus illustravit J. C. THILO. Lipsiæ, 1823, 8vo. 4. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti e Libris editis et manuscriptis. maxime Gallicanis, Germanicis, et Italicis, collectus, recensitus, notisque et prolegomenis illustratus, operâ et studio Joannis Caroli THILO. Tomus I. Lipsia, 1832, 8vo. This work, when finished, will be the most complete collection of the Apocryphal Books of the New Testament. The very copious prolegomena, which are prefixed to the first volume, treat on the collections, editions, and versions of the Apocryphal Gospels. These are succeeded by the History of Joseph the Carpenter, in Arabic and Latin, the Gospel of the Saviour's Infancy, also in Arabic and Latin; the Protevangelion of James, and the Gospel of Thomas the Israelite, in Greek and Latin; the Gospel of the nativity of Mary, and the History of the nativity of Mary and of the Saviour in Latin; the Gospel of Marcion, collected by Dr. Augustus Hahn, from ancient documents, in Greek; the Gospel of Nicodemus, in Greek and Latin; a narrative of the apprehension and death of Pilate, in Greek; a collation of the manuscript of the mutilated and altered Gospel of John (which is preserved in the archives of the Templars of St. John of Jerusalem at Paris), with Griesbach's Text. So numerous are the alterations, &c. in this Gospel, that therefore given it a place in his collection of the Apocryphal Books Dr. Thilo considers altogether as an apocryphal writing, and has of the New Testament. The volume closes with an Apocryphal Book of the Apostle John, in Latin, which abounds with Gnostic notions; various readings and notes are placed, throughout, at the much curious prefatory matter relative to several of the pieces foot of each page: and, besides the general prolegomena, there is here printed. Dr. Thilo has discharged his arduous duties as editor with equal industry and ability. The first book of Ezra or Esdras, as it is termed in the Ethiopic Version, forms the second book of Esdras in the Apocrypha usually annexed to the larger editions of the English Bibles. A notice of its contents will be found in Vol. II. Part V. pp. 289, 290. Dr. (now Archbishop) Laurence has the honour of being the first editor of 5. The Apocryphal New Testament: being all the Gospels, the Ethiopic Version. The Latin Version, which accompanies it, Epistles, and other pieces now extant, attributed in the first four is partly original, and in part taken from the Latin Vulgate, where centuries to Jesus Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, this could be employed. To the Ethiopic Version are subjoined a and not included in the New Testament by its Compilers. Transcollation of it with the Latin Vulgate, and a new English transla-lated and collected into one volume, with Prefaces and Tables, tion: the volume terminates with an elaborate critical disquisition on the author of this book, the time when he probably lived, the character and value of the Ethiopic, Arabic, and Latin Versions, and the use to be made of the book in a theological point of view. and various Notes and References. [By William HONE.] London, 1820, 8vo. 1821, Second Edition, Svo. See an Analysis of this publication, with remarks, in Vol. I. Ap pendix, No. I. Sect. II. p. 437. et seq. PART II. SACRED PHILOLOGY; OR, THE CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION OF THE SCRIPTURES. CHAPTER I. TREATISES ON THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE, AND ON APOCRYPHAL BOOKS. 1. A SCHOLASTICAL HISTORY of the Canon of the Holy Scripture or the certain and indubitable Books thereof, as they are received in the Church of England. By John CoSIN, D.D. Bishop of Durham. London, 1657, 4to. Second Edit. 1672, 4to. 2. Dissertation Préliminaire, ou Prolégomènes sur la Bible. Par Louis Ellies DU PIN. Amsterdam, 1701, 2 tomes, 4to. 2. A Complete History of the Canon and Writers of the Books of the Old and New Testament. By L. E. DU PIN. Done into English from the French original. London, 1699, 1700, 2 vols. folio. 3. Aug. Herm. FRANCKII Manuductio ad Lectionem Scripturæ Sacræ. Halæ, 1693, 1704, &c. 8vo. This well-known and very useful little work was translated into English by Mr. Jacques, and entitled "A Guide to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures." London, 1813, 8vo., afterwards reprinted in 12mo. 4. Traité Historique du Canon des Livres de la Saint Ecriture, depuis leur premier publication jusqu'au Concile du Trent. Par Jean MARTIANAY. Paris, 1703, 12mo. 5. Bibliotheca Sacra: sive Diatribe de Librorum Novi Testamenti Canone. Quà primæ Sacrorum N. T. Librorum Collectionis Historiam ex antiquitatibus ecclesiasticis depromit, atque Canonem nunc vulgò receptum continere vetustissimam et genuinam illorum Recensionem ostendit, Johannes Exs. Amstelædami, 1710, 12mo. 6. Gerardi van MAESTRICHT Commentatio de Canone Scripturæ ecclesiastico, secundum seriem sæculorum post Christum natum. Bremæ, 1722, 8vo. Jenæ, 8vo. 7. A New and Full Method of settling the Canonical Authority of the New Testament. By the Rev. Jeremiah JONES. Oxford, 1798, 3 vols. 8vo. performance, and hath rendered the most essential service to the cause of Christianity. Whoever peruses this work will find it replete with admirable instruction, sound learning, and just and candid criticism." (Dr. Kippis's Life of Dr. Lardner, Works, vol. v. p vi. 4to. edit.) The Abbé Labouderie, in his historical notice of father Colonia (see below) justly pronounces the Credibility to be a magnificent apology for Christianity, and a chef-d'œuvre of learning and criticism. Gospel History, containing a History of the Apostles and Evan9. A Supplement to the Second Part of the Credibility of the gelists, Writers of the New Testament, with Remarks and Observations upon every Book of the New Testament. By Nathaniel LARDNER, D.D. London, 1756, 1757, 3 vols. 8vo. This history forms the sixth volume of the 8vo. (the third volume of the 4to.) edition of Dr. Lardner's Works, and also the second volume of Bishop Watson's Collection of Tracts; it " is an admirable introduction to the New Testament," and "a storehouse of literary information, collected with equal industry and fidelity." (Bishop Marsh.) 10. Hora Paulina: or, the Truth of the Scripture History of St. Paul evinced by a comparison of the Epistles which bear his name with the Acts of the Apostles. By William PALEY, D.D. London, 1790, 8vo. and numerous subsequent editions in 8vo. 12mo. and 18mo. 11. The Veracity of the Five Books of Moses argued from the undesigned coincidences to be found in them when com pared in their several parts. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, B.D. London, 1830, 8vo. 12. The Veracity of the Historical Books of the Old Testament, from the conclusion of the Pentateuch to the opening of the Prophets, argued from the undesigned coincidences to be found in them, when compared in their several parts: being a continuation of the Argument for the Veracity of the Five Books of Moses. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, B.D. London, 1832, 8vo. 13. The Veracity of the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles, argued from the undesigned coincidences to be found in them, when compared, 1. with each other, and, 2. with Josephus. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, B.D. London, 1828, 8vo. The first edition of this elaborate work appeared in 1726, two years after the death of its learned author (a dissenting minister), who died at the early age of 31. He had previously published "A Vindication of the former part of St. Matthew's Gospel, from Mr. Whiston's Charge of Dislocations;" in which he successfully proved that our present Greek copies of that Gospel are in the same In each of these three works Mr. Blunt has, with singular abili order in which they were originally written by the evangelist. "In drawing up these works he took care to consult and examine the Paley, in his masterly treatise entitled ty, newly applied and illustrated the principle laid down by Dr. "Hora Pauline." The inoriginals, instead of satisfying himself with the quotations of other genuity of many of Mr. B.'s sections might stand in competition learned men. They remain as monuments of his learning, inge-with any of his predecessor's master-piece; and the clearness and nuity, and indefatigable industry, and would have done credit to liveliness of the language are such, that his works cannot be too the assiduity and ability of a literary man of sixty. They were earnestly recommended to biblical students. become very scarce, and bore a high price, when, with the liberality and zeal which reflects honour on them, the conductors of the Clarendon Press republished them at Oxford. Mr. Jones, observes Dr. Maltby, has brought together, with uncommon diligence, the external evidence for the authenticity and genuineness of the canonical books, and he has, with equal ability and fairness, stated his reasons for deciding against the authority of the apocryphal." (Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, vol. xix. p. 95.) 8. The Credibility of the Gospel History; or, the Facts occasionally mentioned in the New Testament, confirmed by Passages of Ancient Authors, who were contemporary with our Saviour, or his Apostles, or lived near their time. By Nathaniel LARDNER, D.D. London, Part I. 1727, 2 vols. 8vo. Part II. 1733-1755, 12 vols. 8vo. Also in the 8vo. Edition of his Collective Works, vols. 1 to 5 and in vols. 1 and 2 of the 4to. Edition. The publication of Dr. Lardner's Credibility was received with every mark of respect and gratitude, both by members of the Church of England and dissenters, and its reputation gradually extended into foreign countries. How deeply the present work is indebted to his laborious and accurate investigations our multiplied references will amply attest. "It is indeed an invaluable 14. La Religion Chrétienne, autorisée par le Témoignage des Anciens Auteurs Païens. Par le père Dominique de COLONIA. Lyon, 1718, 2 tomes, 12mo.-Seconde Edition, revue et précédée d'une Notice Historique par M. l'Abbé Labouderie. Paris, 1826, 8vo. This treatise, though published nine years before Dr. Lardner commenced his admirable work on the Credibility of the Gospel jects discussed by Colonia are comprised in the third volume of History, does not appear to have been known to him. The subthe octavo edition of Dr. Lardner's works, from page 594 to the end, and in the fourth volume, from page 3 to page 430 of the quarto edition published at London in 1815. Father Colonia has collected together numerous important facts, which he has illus trated with many valuable remarks, though he has not always followed strict chronological order in the arrangement of his materials. His chapter on Mohammed is full of errors and ridiculous declamations. Notwithstanding all its defects, his work may be read with pleasure, even after a perusal of Dr. Lardner's volumes on the Credibility of the Gospel History; the whole of which the Abbé Labouderie has announced his intention of translating into French. 15. Historia Canonis Sacrique Textûs Novi Fœderis, a Joanne Millio in Prolegomenis ad Novum Testamentum tradita, cum Adnotationibus Danielis SALTHENII. Regiomonti, 1733, 8vo. 16. Ferdinandi SroscH Tractatus Theologicus de Epistolis Apostolorum Idiographis; quo Apostolis, non per Amanuenses, sed sua manu Epistolas suas scripsisse, luculenter demonstratur. Guelpherbyti, 1751, 8vo. 17. Ferdinandi SroscΗ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΙΚΟΝ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΝ ; hoc This elaborate work is now rare. Dr. Rainoldes was termed by Anthony à Wood, the Oxford antiquary and biographer, “a living brew scholars of his age (if not the greatest); and it was at his library and a third university." He was one of the greatest Heinstance that King James I. assented to the proposal of a new translation of the Bible. In the Hampton Court Conference, as well as in this work, Dr. R. strenuously opposed the reading of apocryphal lessons in the public service of the church. 24. WETSTENII (Joh. Rod.) Dissertatio Philologico-Theolo est, Tractatus Theologicus de Epistolis Apostolorum non deper-gica de Historia Susannæ. Basileæ, 1691, 4to. 18. Eberhardi Henrici Danielis SтOSCH Commentatio Historico-Critica de Librorum Novi Testamenti Canone. Præmissa est Dissertatio de Cura Veteris Ecclesiæ circa Libros Novi Testamenti. Francofurti ad Viadrum, 1755, 8vo. 19. Christiani Frederici SCHMIDII Historia Antiqua et Vindicatio Veteris Novique Testamenti, libris duobus comprehensi. Lipsia, 1775, 8vo. An excellent treatise, in which the Canon of Scripture is most satisfactorily vindicated from the rash criticisms and assertions of Oeder, Semler, and other modern German theologians. 20. Observationes ad Illustrationem Doctrinæ de Canone Veteris Testamenti. Auctore Claudio Frees HORNEMANN. Hauniæ, 1775, 8vo. 21. Lectures on the Canon of the Old Testament; comprehending a Dissertation on the Septuagint Version. By John BLAIR, LL.D. London, 1785, 4to. 22. The Canon of the Old and New Testaments ascertained; or, the Bible complete without the Apocrypha and Unwritten Traditions. By Archibald ALEXANDER, Professor of Didactic and Polemical Theology, in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton, 1826, 12mo. London, 1828, 12mo. Professor Alexander published this very useful volume on the Canon of Scripture, as a Supplement to a Treatise on the Evidences of the Christian Religion, which has been very favourably received in North America. His Treatise on the Canon is avowedly compiled from the previous labours of the most eminent critics, especially Bishop Cosins's Scholastical History of the Canon of the Old Testament, and the ample collections of the impartial and indefatigable Dr. Lardner and the learned Jeremiah Jones, whose works are noticed in the preceding page. The first part of Dr. Alexander's Treatise discusses the Canon of the Old Testament; in the second part are considered the Canon of the New Testament, and the reasons for which the Apocryphal books are deservedly rejected from the Sacred Canon. To divines and students (especially in North America) who may not have access to numerous and more costly works, this treatise is a very useful and acceptable present. The London reprint is very neatly executed. 23. Censura Apocryphorum V. T. adversum Pontificios, imprimis Robertum Bellarminum: quâ, tum Divina et Canonica Sacræ Scripturæ Autoritas asseritur, solidissimæ tum variæ Quæstiones, &c. (imprimis quæ est de Duratione Monarchiæ Persica, et de 70 hebdomadis Danielis), expediuntur accuratissime; Prælectionibus 250 posthumis in Academia Oxoniensi tractata, a Johanne RAINOLDO, Anglo, Academia Oxon. Prof. Theol. Oppenhemii, 1611, 2 vols. 4to. 25. Gottlieb WERNSDORFFII Commentatio de Fide Historica Librorum Maccabæorum. Wratislaviæ, 1747, 4to. 26. De secundo Libro Maccabæorum Dissertatio. Scripsit C. BERTHEAU, Gottinga, 1829, 8vo. 27. An Epistolary Discourse concerning the Books of Ezra, genuine and spurious: but more particularly the second apocry. phal book under that name, and the Variations of the Arabic copy from the Latin. Together with a New Version of the Fifth Book of Esdras, &c. By Francis LEE, M.D. London, 1722, 8vo. 28. An Essay concerning the Books commonly called Apocrypha and the public Reading of them in the Church. London, 1740, 8vo. 29. A Statement submitted to the Members of the British and Foreign Bible Society, on the impropriety of circulating the Though this tract was occasioned by a local controversy, the consideration of which does not fall within the design of this work, it is deserving of a place in the student's library, on account of the various and interesting information which it contains relative to the literary History of the Apocrypha. The second edition is the best. points of his Statement on the Apocryphal Books, and on some of the alleged Doctrines of the Romish Church. By Leander van Ess, D.D. With a reply by G. C. GORHAM, B.D. London, 1826, 8vo. 30. Two Letters addressed to the Rev. G. C. Gorham on some These letters of Dr. van Ess were designed as a reply to the preceding publication: and his objections are answered by Mr. Gorham with singular ability, patience of research, and with a spirit of Christian candour, of which there unhappily are but few instances in controversial discussions. Mr. G. has clearly established the three following facts; viz. 1. That in the ancient form of the Bible, from the fourth century till the reformation, the Inspired and the Apocryphal Writings, though intermingled, were invariably distinguished from each other by the prefaces or notices of interpolation connected with each book. 2. That, subsequently to the Reformation, a new form was introduced, and these Scripture barriers were . removed: at first cautiously and rarely; then, after the decree of the council of Trent, more freely and frequently; and at last, under papal sanction, boldly and almost universally; and, 3. That this change of form was intended to advance the credit of the Apocry phal Books, and to obtain for them the estimation of inspired writings by removing these impediments to the acknowledgment of theit canonicity. 31. An Inquiry into the Truth and Use of the Book of Enoch as to its Prophecies, Visions, and Accounts of Fallen Angels By John OVERTON. London, 1822, 8vo. CHAPTER II. INTRODUCTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE SCRIPTURES. SECTION I. GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS TO THE ENTIRE BIBLE. 1. DISSERTATIONS, qui peuvent servir de Prolegom nes de l'Ecriture Sainte, revues, corrigées, considerablement augmentées, et mises dans un ordre méthodique. Par Augustin CALMET. Paris, 1720, 3 tomes, 4to. This publication contains the various Dissertations, prefixed by the learned father Calmet to the different books of Scripture, and published in his commentary, with numerous corrections and additions. Eighteen new Dissertations have been added; and the whole has been arranged in a new and commodious order, in order to render these disquisitions what the author designed they should be,— Prolegomena to the Bible. Many important topics are here treated at considerable length. Vol. I. contains the Dissertations relating to the Scriptures generally, and to the History, Discipline, Customs, and Opinions of the Jews. Vol. II. comprises Prefaces to the several books of the Old Testament, both canonical and apocryphal. Vol. III. contains similar prefaces to the different books of the New Testament, and thirty-one Dissertations on various subjects. 2. Antiquities, Sacred and Profane: or a Collection of Critical Dissertations on the Old and New Testament, translated from the French of Dom Augustin Calmet, by N. TINDAL. Vol. I. London, 1727, 4to. This work was never completed. It originally appeared in numbers, and comprises select dissertations on the Poetry and Music of |