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to the next lower, left hand figure. This is called borrowing

ten, and carrying one to pay it.

Thus: (5) 625468

(6)

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GRAMMAR.-LESSON 20.

The fourth part of speech.

The fourth part of speech, is the Pronoun; that is, a word used in the place of a noun. The pronoun holds the same relation to the verb which the noun holds, but it is not often limited by an article.

Thus: He, she, it, I, we, you, they, &c. are pronouns. As: John is a good boy, he loves his book; he keeps it clean. Ann writes well; she is a good child. The river flows; it is deep.

OBS. 1. John, Ann, and river, are nouns, and he, she, it, are pronouns.

OBS. 2. Hence, you will know the pronoun, because it stands for, or in place of, the noun.

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7. On going abroad', Mary found a number of books which the Doctor bought for her. Among others', were the writings of Cowper, Campbell, Montgomery', &c. She had always been fond of poetry', and the perusal of these authors', gave her mind a new spring'. She', one day,' wrote the following lines to a fly`.

8. Son of summer,' child of leisure',

Buzz not thus about my form`;

Little gilded speck of pleasure',
Tease me not,-for I am warm'.

9. It would grieve me sore to wound thee's
Pain my heart to do thee harm';
Keep not buzzing thus around me';
Tease me not,-for I am warm'.

10. Go and play on yonder ceiling,
Safe from every wayward storm';
Go and trust an honest feeling`;
None will come to do thee harm'.
Little son of summer', go`;
Prithee, do not tease me so'.

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SUBTRACTION. LESSON 23.

Exercises in Subtraction.

1. B. has 56 marbles, and A. has 19; now let B. give A. 12, and which will have the most? 19+12=31, A's marbles; and 56-12=44, B's marbles; and 44-31=13.

Answer, B. has 13 the most.

2. D's basket has 107 apples in it, C's has only 39; what is the difference?

Answer, 68.

3. A. has 9612 dollars in the bank; and he drew out 201 for B. and 1147 for C.; how much has he left: Ans: 8264. 4. Columbus discovered America in 1492, and it is now 1827; how many years have elapsed? Answer. 335.

5. John has three purses; in one he has 217 cents, in another, 169, and in the third, 511; but Mark put his money,. 1059 cents, into one purse; which has the most?

GRAMMAR. LESSON 24.

The fifth part of speech.

The fifth part of speech is the adjective;-its office is to refer to the noun or name, and express some quality or property attached to it.

Thus: Good boys, fine girls, high hills, old pens, new books, blue sky, black clouds, tall trees, round balls, ripe plums, cold days, dark nights, old houses, red cows.

OBS. 1. The adjective is generally placed before the noun, but after the article. As: a sweet apple, an old book, the North River.

OBS. 2. Sometimes the adjective is placed after the noun; as river, long, wide, and deep; a man, old, grey, and sick.

OBS. 3. Now you will always know the adjective, for it expresses a quality or property, and refers to the noun in modifi

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11. Toward fall', Mary and her parents returned home`. But the sick girl grew worse; she was first confined to her room,' and then to her bed'. The Doctors could not help her`. Her friends could render her no aid. But all this did not trouble her'.

12. She was, indeed, sorry to see them shed so many tears; for she did not wish to give pain to any one. knew her time was come', and she did not fear to die`.

She

13. In the midst of the conflict', she was calm and resigned'; she even tried to console her friends'; she told them', if her death was a loss to them', it was a gain to her`; and she hoped they would be prepared to follow her.

14. She died without a groan', and in the cold arms of death a sweet smile sat on her icy lips'.

Her funeral was attended the next day', by all the pupils at Pine Hill School'.

15. Eight young men', dressed in white with a wreath of black crape on the left arm', bore the corpse to the grave,' while the pall was born by six young ladies', dressed in white, with black scarfs across their shoulders`.

16. At the grave, they sung the following lines`.

So fades the lovely, blooming flow'r',
Frail, smiling solace of an hour;
So soon our transient comforts fly',
And pleasures only bloom to die'.

ARITHMETIC.-LESSON 27.

The operations of Addition, may be readily performed by another rule called MULTIPLICATION.

In this rule there are two terms given to find a third.
The term to be multiplied is called the Multiplicand.
The term by which that is multiplied, is called the Multiplier.
And the result or answer, is called the Product.

But the two first terms are frequently called Factors. When the Multiplier is less than 13, it is distinguished by the phrase, Short Multiplication, and the result is placed in one line below the Multiplier.

RULE. 1. Of the given factors, place the lesser under the units place of the greater, and draw a line below both.

2. Multiply each figure in the upper factor, by that of the lower, and carry one for every ten, as in addition.

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PROOF. This

may

division.

Factors.

Answer, 696 Product.

be had by addition, or more properly by

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NOTE- To multiply by 10 is merely to add a cypher to the multiplicand; for 100, add two cyphers; and for 1000, add three cyphers, &c.

GRAMMAR.-LESSON 28.

The sixth part of speech.

The next and sixth part of speech, is the Participle. The participle is always formed from a verb, by adding ing, or ed, and, in a few cases, n or t, to the end of the verb.

Thus: From the verb go, comes the participle go-ing; and from halt, comes halt-ed; from know, comes know-n; and from think, comes thought.

OBS. 1. The participle seems to combine the properties both of a verb and an adjective; for it can be used to express an action, and also a quality or property.

OBS. 2. You will henceforth know the Participle, from the fact, that it is composed of the verb and one of the above terminations; to wit: ing, ed, (or d only when the verb ends with e,) n, or t.

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1. A young man whose name was Giles', lived', a few years since', near the town of Boston', and, for some time, worked on a small farm with his father, who was poor but honest. This young man was poor and honest also; and he was likewise prudent', wise', and thoughtful`.

2. The day on which he was of age, he sent for his young friends to come and take dinner with him. After the dishes were taken off, Giles brought on a bottle or two of old currant wine', which he had made for the purpose some years before'.

3. The boys drank,' and grew merry. One of them', whose parents were very rich, and who was to have twenty

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