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eventful day, amounted to 9,310 men, whilst the li- obliged to yield to the obligations which his magisteberating army consisted of only 5,780. The Spa-rial office imposed on him, thereby shewing to the niards have hesitated which to admire most, the intrepidity of our troops on the field of battle, or their sang froid, steadiness, and order, in their retreat from the envirions of Cuzo, to Humanga, a distance of 80 leagues, always in the face of the enemy, and frequently giving them battle.

Spanish government that Hayti had not taken any active part in the contest on Terra-Firma. On the contrary, he gave orders, (to satisfy the Spaniards), that the vessels, which carried emigrants to Margaritta and other ports, should be examined, in the strictest manner, by the cruisers of Hayti; but this is The campaign in Peru is terminated; its indepen- not to undervalue the important favors that general dence and the peace of America has been signed on Bolivar, now liberator president of Colombia, and his the field of battle. The united army hopes that the unfortunate companions, owe to the particular genetrophies of the victory of Ayacucho, may prove an of-rosity of the president Petion. It is well known fering worthy of the acceptance of the liberator of Colombia.

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REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA.

Secretary of state's office for foreign affairs,
Palace of the government, in the capital of Bogota,
15th July, 1824-14.

that the president Petion proceeded with so much prudence and wisdom, that the Spanish government could never cast the slightest imputation on him of having infringed, in any manner, the neutrality which Hayti, as well as the powers of Europe and America, maintained, from the beginning of the war which Spain carried on with her ancient colonies, till the present hour. Colombia is, besides, bound by a solemn compact of perpetual alliance and confederation with Peru, Chili, and Rio de la Plata, with the object of carrying on the war against their common enemy, the king of Spain, or against all other foreign domination. As neither Colombia nor its allies have received the slightest offence from France, the proposed alliance will be equivalent to a spontaneous provocation, on our part, which no American or Euro

It is easy to agree in the abstract principle; that is to say, in the necessity which all the American goother some day, in order to guard against all foreign vernments are under, to perfectly understand each

To senor J. Derrviers Chanlater, &c. &c. SIR-I have had the honor of informing the execu-pean power can approve of. Such a provocation tive of the communication you did me the favor of would do considerable injury to the interests of all the placing in my hands on the 6th inst. in which you un-American states, now actually fighting to establish fold the objects of the mission, with which you were the independence of their ancient head, without excharged by the government of Hayti to that of Co- cepting Hayti. lombia, with various documents, from No. 1. to 10. It is very apparent, sir, that your government has not allowed you more than the short period of twenty days to negotiate an affair of so much importance, and which requires, in its nature, a very long and de-attacks. But, as to the time of putting it into execuliberate consideration, in the state of political rela- tion, it is necessary to use much prudence and cirtions in the civilized world. But as it is not in your cumspection. power to remain a longer time in this capital, I pro1 The old world has its eyes fixed on the new, to ceed to answer the said communication, suspending, observe carefully all its measures, and to examine for a time, the despatch of affairs of great importance, into them. If the American states have not already which, at this moment, occupy the attention of my arrived to that order and regularity in their institugovernment, and in the happy accomplishment of tions, and respect to the rights of others, which is inwhich the cause of the liberty of South America indispensable to include them in the great family of general is deeply interested.

civilized nations, the slightest deviation from the The government of Hayti desires, as you do me forms, usages and established customs, will retard the favor of stating, to conclude with this country a that important result. These powerful reasons have treaty of alliance, defensive and commercial, pledg-induced the government of Colombia to believe, that, ing mutual assistance, in money, provisions and munitions of war, against the foreign enemies of both parties.

in order to take into consideration the proposal the government of Hayti has made to that of Colombia, this year, it will be necessary to consult its alThis will materially change the favorable position lies, and, as it is possible that the meeting of the in which Colombia and her allies find themselves at plenipotentiaries of all the states of America, formerpresent respecting the European powers, multiplying, ly Spanish, will assemble in Panama, in the course of unjustly and without cause, the number of their the next year, the government of Colombia will emforeign enemies. I hope, sir, that you will agree brace that opportunity to arrange with its said allies with me that such a state of affairs is not, nor can be, the footing on which, in future, the political and merin any manner, advantageous to your country, or to cantile relations with the other portions of our hemimine. Colombia particularly entertains well-found-sphere shall be placed, who are, in fact and right, ed hopes to see shortly established relations of peace separated from its ancient government. Then, sir. and good correspondence with the government of his this negotiation will be examined into with that spirit most christian majesty; and it appears to me that the of liberality, which characterizes the policy of the affairs of Hayti are progressing to a final establish- government of Colombia and its allies; and I venture ment of the same, for, no doubt, the day is not far to anticipate that their determination will be highly distant when Colombia can employ, with effect, her agreeable to Hayti. I hope, sir, that you will see, good offices, (as a power generally recognized), in fa- in the frank and sincere exposition, which I have vor of those American states who have not yet arrived just made, a clear and convincing proof of the inthereto. This same principle appears to have per- terest with which the government and people of Cosuaded your government of the utility of not making lombia are animated for the welfare and prosperity to the states of America, (formerly Spanish), a pro- of Hayti. position, such, as in 1824, was directed to this country. You know perfectly well, sir, that even the president Petion himself, (although animated with that benificent and philanthropic spirit which will always entitle him to the respect of the human race), was

The documents which you had the kindness to ac company, from No. 1 to 10, have augmented considerably this interest, as also our gratitude and profound respect for the memory of the father of Hayti, the president Petion.

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Legislature of Pennsylvania.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON INLAND NAVIGATION. Read in the house of representatives, March 15. Mr. Lehman, from the committee on inland navigation, to whom were referred sundry resolutions and petitions, relative to the north branch of the Susquehannah, and to canals to be constructed from the Susquehannah to the Lehigh and the Schuylkilll, made report:

That, in compliance with the wishes of a numerous and very respectable portion of their fellow-citizens, and in furtherance of the great object of obtaining a topographical knowledge of every portion of the state, so as to enable future legislatures to judge of the expediency of making such improvements as have been, or may hereafter be, suggested, they now report a bill providing for the necessary surveys, plans and estimates, for a canal along the north branch of the Susquehannah to Tioga Point, and from thence to the head waters of the Tioga river, near the coal mines, in Tioga county; and also from the most eligible points on the Susquehannah to the head waters of the Lehigh and Schuylkill.

The numerous petitions relating to these contemplated improvements, so fully describe the advantages to be expected from their completion, that the committee deem it superfluous to recapitulate them. They believe the time is fast approaching when all the magnificent rivers will be improved, either in their natural channels, or by means of artificial navigation along their banks, and that the rivers, thus improved, will be connected, in various directions, by canals, affording the most easy means of social and commercial intercourse, giving a value to the productions of every acre in the commonwealth, and advancing, in the highest degree, the general prosperity and happi

ness.

the facility of conveying their products to Philadelphia So active and enterprising are our rivals on the north and on the south, and so important is the growing trade of the Susquehannah and its branches, and of the country west of these waters, that it is the decided policy of the state, not only speedily to complete a canal to the Ohio and lake Erie, but also to connect, from more points than one, the Susquehannah with the waters of the Delaware.

Besides the coal, the iron, and other articles which are extracted from the bowels of the earth, or are the spontaneous growth of the soil, and which afford the most valuable tonnage for canals, the committee learn, from respectable sources, that, from the counties lying above the mouth of the Juniata, there is annually sent to market, on the Susquehannah, a surplus of nearly a million of bushels of wheat, and also a large quantity of cloverseed, whiskey, pork, butter, cheese, bees-wax, maple sugar, and a variety of agricultural products. What may be the extent of trade, when the Susquehannah shall be united with the Ohio and lake Erie, by a canal, and when the millions of acres, now wilderness, shall be brought into cultivation, and rendered rich and productive by means of internal improvement; what may then be the magnitude of the trade, and the number of canals from the Susquehannah to the Delaware, which will be requisite to preserve it and make it centre in the bosom of the state, no human wisdom can foretell.

Under these impressions, the committee recommend the passage of the bill during the present session. It will lead to the formation of practical plans for extending the great system of internal improvement, by means of which Pennsylvania, the fairest portion and the centre of the United States, will soon become an expanded and fruitful scene of industry, where the agriculturalists, the miner, the merchant and the manufacturer, will find the most advantageous theatre for their operations.

CHRONICLE.

It was the chief place of trade in this neighborhood.

Elk Ridge Landing. The little village at this place, was destroyed by fire a few days ago. Of the ten From the facts stated by the petitioners, there is houses which it had, nine were consumed. The time reasonable ground for the belief, that new beds of is perfectly within the memory of persons not very coal and iron ore have recently been discovered on aged, when this landing, on the Patapsco, was exthe waters of the Susquehannah, near the contemplat-pected one day to be what Baltimore is a great city. ed improvement, which affords an additional inducement for its speedy completion. The navigation of the river is now dependent on the uncertain rise of floods, and affords, in general, only a downward passage, and the time has arrived when every reasonable effort should be made to give to the inhabitants, of this important section of the state, the benefit of a water conveyance on which commodities may pass, with equal ease, each way.

Philadelphia. The whole number of the looms in the city of Philadelphia, is said to be forty five hundred. An enumeration of those in the neighboring villages, would swell the total considerably.

Only about twenty nine hundred of the weavers entered into the late combination to raise prices. Most of them have since come to an understanding with their employers.

There will be thirty five million bricks burned in this city this year; one third more than last year. The price has advanced considerably.─[Phil. Gaz.

Massachusetts. Mr. Everett, elected a member of the next congress, has resigned the professorship of Greek literature in the University of Cambridge.

The superiority of a slack water navigation, or canal, over rivers which afford but a descending navigation, with the aid of freshets, is strikingly illustrated by the fact, that, during the present spring, boats, containing fifteen tons, have passed Harrisburg, and requiring nine men to propel each boat, from ten to fifteen miles a day, up stream, while, upon a canal, twice the quanConnecticut. Oliver Wolcott has been re-elected tity might be carried twice the distance, with the governor of this state. He received 7,147 votes, and aid of one horse, one man and one boy; and a further about sixty other persons 3,284. David Plant has illustration is afforded by the fact, that, since the com-been elected lieut. gov. also, without any regular oppletion of the Erie canal, in New York, as far as the Cayuga and Seneca lakes, the price of wheat there is stated at 20 to 25 cents per bushel higher, than at the Tioga river, in their vicinity.

With regard to that part of the bill, which provides for surveying routes, with a view to canals to connect the Susquehannah with the head waters of the Lehigh and the Schuylkill, the committee will remark,) that it is the general desire of the people of that portion of the state, all of whom are anxious to increase

position. Elisha Phelps, Ralph I. Ingersoll, Noyes Barber, Gideon Tomlinson, John Baldwin and Orange Merwin, have been elected members of congress.

Tennessee. Two new professorships have recently been created in Cumberland college, in the state of Tennessee, the one called the Lafayette professorship, the other the Jackson professorship.

Steam boats. About one hour after the arrival of

the Henry Schultz at Augusta, Georgia, she was discovered to be on fire. The fames spread rapidly

and the efforts to extinguish them soon ceased, be- A Panther was lately killed in Seneca county, New cause it was proclaimed that she had a quantity of York, which weighed 94 lbs. and measured 6 feet 4 gun-powder on board-[gun-powder in a steam boat!]-inches, from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail. she soon blew up with a tremendous explosion. Boat and cargo lost, valued at from 70 to $9,000 dollars. The Albemarle, lying at the wharf, Philadelphia, caught fire on Sunday morning last, was towed off to the island, and there burnt to the water's edge.

The Oliver Elsworth, from Hartford for New York, got on a rock in the Sound, and bilged-but it was supposed would be got off without much damage.

A tree, called the "Charter Oak," is standing in
less than four hundred years old-it is twenty-eight
the city of Hartford, Con. It is supposed to be not
feet in circumference near the ground; and, at the
height of seven feet, it is seventeen feet in circumfer-
ence.
certained, is about seventy feet; some of its branches
The height of the tree, as near as can be as-
extend nearly forty feet.

even in-England!
This tree would not be regarded as a very small one,

the Susquehannah, at one haul of the seine; and in
Fishing. 300,000 herrings were lately caught in
the Potomac, 450 rock fish were, in like manner,
caught, which weighed 60 lbs. each, on the average,
and, though sold at very reduced prices, produced
$250.

No lives were lost in either of those vessels-but the Teche, on the Mississippi, burst her boiler, when not far from Natchez, on the 14th ultimo. It was at night; the explosion was tremendous; every light was extinguished, and all the hatches thrown off. Three men were killed, several severely scalded, the boat set on fire, and, with her cargo, consisting of 450 bales cotton, consumed or destroyed. But the great misfortune which attended this explosion was, that "from 12 to 18" of the passengers, who had not been injured by it, were drowned by the upsetting of a boat, in which they were escaping from the flames. The "Susquehannah," lately built at Baltimore, is now on the waters of the river whose name she bears.poration, for the last two weeks, in boring for water. She has been found to work admirably well, and was about to depart for Owego, in the state of New-York, and afterwards proceed to Karthausville, in the north-western part of Pennsylvania, being located on west branch of the Susquehannah. We feel great interest in the success of this experiment.

The North Carolina 74, which sailed for the terranean a short time since, has mounted

34 long 42 pounders on her lower gun deck.
34 long 32 do.
upper
do.
spar deck.

24 carronade 42 pounders,

2 long 32 pounders,

94 mounted.

102

27th inst. contains the following information conBoring for water. The Alexandria Herald, of the cerning the progress of an attempt which has a degree of general importance:

"Mr. Disbrow, who has been employed by our corhas reached upwards of ninety feet depth, and perseveres, in full confidence of success. He has passed mud, sulphate of iron, &c. At the depth of about through a great variety of stratum, sand, clay, gravel, forty feet, he met with quick sand, which, it was apMedi-D. soon surmounted the difficulties which it threatenprehended, would prove very troublesome; but Mr. ed. At the distance of between sixty and eighty feet, the boring implements brought up pieces of wood, such as elm, white oak and locust, &c. some of which were in a perfect state of preservation, particularly the white oak and locust, and what is very remarkable, the hull of a hickory nut, as sound and firm as if buried but a few weeks, instead of, no doubt, many

S has ports in her gangways for 8 more 42 pound centuries."
carronades.

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Longevity. Angela Millett lately died in the alms house, at Philadelphia, aged one hundred and eleven years, two months and eleven days. She was a native of Canada.

Mrs. Charlotte Dehuff lately died at Lancaster, Pen. aged 91-she left ten children, 48 grand children, 78 great grand children, and 4 great great grand children-total 140.

An old man, named Samuel Fields, who is eighty-fire years of age, has been condemned to death, in Indiana, for murder; but it is to be hoped that he will not be executed. "He will soon die of himself, if they'll let

him alone."

Three brothers, of the name of Thayer, have been condemned to death, at Buffalo, N. Y. for the murder of a man called John Love: and, from the circumstances of the case, as they came out on the trial, it is not at all probable that they will be pardoned. A like condemnation of three brothers never, perhaps, before took place in the United States.

Georgia. The official report from the topographical bureau of the United States, by J. Roberdeau, of makes the quantity of land in Georgia, not ceded to the engineer department, on the 10th January last, the United States by Indians, as nearly as could be computed, from a review of former calculations and the possession of more correct documents than had previously been referred to, nine million five hundred and thirty-seven thousand nine hundred and twenty square acres; of which, 5,292,160 were in possession of the Cherokee, and 4,245,760 of the Creeks. The Cherokees country, yet to be ceded to Georgia, is consequently more extensive than the im-. it is, perhaps, less valuable, as much of the former is portant territory lately acquired from the Creeks, but mountainous and not adapted to the production of [Milledgeville Rec.

cotton.

The English game laws. It is in evidence, that, in one year, the numbers imprisoned, under the operation of these horrid statutes, amounted to no less than one thousand two hundred individuals! Think rect consequences of this appalling fact; think on the on the amount of suffering from the direct and indidesolate wives, the starving children, the ruined, heart broken families; the sons initiated, by the contamination of a gaol, into all those degrees of yet unto a shameful and premature end: the fathers bathought-of crime, which is ultimately to bring them nished from their homes and their country; their miserable offspring thrown a burthen on the unwil ling parish; and all, perhaps, for the destruction of a paltry partridge, or other wild animal, to which no person can absolutely establish a right of ownership. [Kent Herald.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH-STREET.

THIRD SERIES. No. 11-VOL. IV.]

BALTIMORE, MAY 14, 1825.

THE PAST-THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE.

edited and pUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

COTTON. Letters from Liverpool, dated April 2, are published in the New York papers. Cotton was in lively and steady demand, and the prices had advanced from d. to 1d. per pound. Uplands 13 to 161, New Orleans 15 to 19. Tennessees 134 to 161, The stock was estimated at Sea Islands 2s. 9d. to 3s. only 75 or 80,000 bales-which were changing owners very frequently-by speculation!

It is supposed that 150,000 bales of Egyptian cotton will be received in England during the present

year.

that there could be any better time for such a discus-
sion than the present. All classes are now in a state
of comparative ease and comfort. The poor are not
stimulated by the want of food-the landed interests
are not alarmed by the fear of ruin. The question
is, therefore, more likely to be cooly examined, and
different circumstances, and there is no knowing
correctly determined, than it could possibly be under
what changes a single year may produce.

"With respect to the second point, we must confess, we see but one strictly just line of conduct that can be pursued. The agriculturists have been nearly TRAVELLING. The journey from Philadelphia to ruined; but corn has now risen to such a price as to Huntsville, (about 1000 miles), was made in twelve relieve them, in a great measure, from the fears of todays, on horse-back, by an individual, to make pur-tal destruction. They are now in comparative ease chases of cotton, on the arrival of the late news and comfort, and are satisfied, though the prices are their protection. This state of prosperity and comfrom England. He was six days a-head of the mail. not such as the law has considered necessary for CANALS, &c. Our eastern brethren are busily en-fort is equally enjoyed by every other part of the comgaged in talking about and planning several very important canals, and certain of the projects have The folbeen taken up in a most substantial manner. lowing are some of the works just now contemplated: 1. From New Haven to Northampton; 2. from Providence to Worcester; 3. from the waters of Long Island Sound, through the valley of Connecticut river, Vermont and lake Memphremagog, &c. to Canada; 4. from Boston harbor to the Connecticut; and, 5. across Cape Cod-this last will needs be only 41 miles in length, with a fine harbor at each end of it, and will lessen the distance 150 miles!

FLOUR AND WHEAT. Twenty-seven American vessels, two British, one French and one Danish, in all thirty-one vessels, with 68,500 barrels of flour, arrived at Lima from Sept. 1824 to Jan. 1825. The stock was so great that, after paying the cost of transportation and the duties, the greater part would be entirely lost. And a letter from Valparaiso, dated January, 1923, says "The wheat is very fine and abundant in this country this year, and some few mills produce flour equal to your New York grand canal. They will soon be able to supply the whole ccast, much cheaper than we can bring it around Cape Horn."

Some of the ports of Spain have been opened for the reception of flour and grain, until the king's pleasure should be known on the subject.

"THE FREEDOM OF TRADE!" The following is from the London Courier. If it is presumed to express the sentiments of the ministers, as it generally does, we may soon expect to have a full confirmation of what we suspected-to wit, that Mr Huskisson's doctrines about the "freedom of trade" were intended for exportation; a sort of "wooden nutmeg" business.

munity, and it does not appear to be at present necessary to sacrifice one class, in order to make the other happy. We cannot see, therefore, that it would be just, after what the argriculturists have suffered, to trifle with them, or make any alteration in the existing prices. The duty ought to be such as to secure those prices beyond all question; less than this would be most unfair, and, if any reduction is hereafter found necessary, let it be made by degrees. We protest against experimental legislation on such perous, and let us not seek suddenly to disturb this a subject. Let us be satisfied when we see all proshappy equilibrium for the sake of an abstract principle."

SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

In the overweening desire that has lately prevailed for the establishment of new societies and associations, it is with great pleasure that there is, at least, one among them which every body approves, with a truly catholic spirit as though it were an original principle of good, unalloyed by sectarianism; and this is formed by the societies established for the support of Sunday schools. They are very numerous in most of our great cities and large value of them is most manifest, except in the neightowns, and, indeed, it is specially in these that the borhood of large manufactories, in which they are aling, to the advantage of all parties. most universally kept up and on the best possible foot

We see that lately the children belonging to fiftyfive Sunday schools in New York were collected at Castle Garden. Their number was between 4 and 5,000, under charge of nearly 600 superintendents (and teachers-of the scholars, 2, 160 were able to read the scriptures. The display was beautiful, and must spectators attending. There were one hundred and have warmed the hearts of many of the thousands of The Courier of the 29th March says-"A somewhat fifty-nine clergymen present, a number of whom were premature discussion was excited last night, on the from different parts of the United States, and of alsubject of the corn laws, by the presenting of a peti- most every sect and persuasion. How interesting to tion by Mr. Curwen, from the corn-merchants of behold them, united in their wishes for the success London, praying for an alteration of those laws, and of a common work of goodness! Such meetings must the substitution of a fixed duty in their stead. With have a powerful effect to promote the best disposi regard to the policy, if not the necessity, of adopting tions of the human mind. The only the principle of the measure prayed for, there is, at present, we believe, but one opinion. questions likely to arise would be, first, whether the present be the proper time for bringing the measure forward? and next, whether the amount of duty proposed, be too much, or not enough? With respect to the former of these points, we confess we do not see VOL. XXVII

7.1.

The number of scholars belonging to the different Sunday schools of Philadelphia and its vicinity, is given at 8,000 and upwards! In Baltimore they are numerous, but we do not know the amount of them.

EMIGRATION is powerful to the west. The vessels on lake Erie are hardly able to carry the passengers

and their goods, though the steam boat conveys about 300 persons westward every week. The destination of the people is chiefly Ohio and Michigan.

CANT CANT CANT. A late number of the Edinburg Review has an article on the United States, from which the following is an extract

"No one can admire the simple wisdom and manly firmness of the Americans more than we do, or more despise the pitiful propensity which exists among government runners, to vent their small spite at their character; but, on the subject of slavery, the conduct of America is, and has been, the most reprehensible. It is impossible to speak of it with too much indignation and contempt; but for it, we should look forward, with unqualified pleasure, to such a land of freedom, and such a magnificent spectacle of human happiness."

their fellow subjects, that are willing to throw them selves out of the circle of the white population, for the purpose of ameliorating and exalting the condition and character of the black! It is admitted, and we feel great pleasure in believing the fact, that, on account of the small amount of slaves that there were in the new southern republics, and by reason of the extensive mixtures of the whites with the Indians and blacks, and of one class with another in every possible way, that the color may be exterminated in a few generations, and the whole population of these states have equal access to places of honor and profit-but with us, this process cannot be hoped for, and it remains for us only to bear with the evil as well as we can, and stand prepared to meet events which all fearfully believe must come to pass. But when they shall come-England will have to meet, at least, as much moral responsibility on account of them, as the United States. And when the reviewers refer to this hacknied subject, we hope that they will be honest, and tell their British readers that it was they themselves and their fathers, (not colonists), who placed us in the condition which they so much reprehend.

BOSTON. At a late session of the common council of the city of Boston, the report of a committee, on the subject of procuring portraits of sundry revolutionary patriots, was taken up, and an order passed authorizing the mayor to procure the portraits, as soon as may be, of Samuel Adams, John Adams, James Bowdoin, Benj. Franklin, John Hancock, James Otis, Josiah Quincy and Joseph Warren.

PHILADELPHIA. From Krumbhaar's Price Current
we have the following items, as to the exports of
Philadelphia, in April 1824 and 1825:
Exports.
Specie,
Domestic articles,
Foreign do.

April, 1824. April, 1825. $324,700 1,559,570

374,578

566,716

344,113

689,507

The specie, except about $21,000, all went for Canton. Of the balance of the exports of the month, say $1,033,620, $406,000 worth departed for Alva rado, 137,000 for Hamburg, 108,000 for Great Britain, 62,000 for St. Thomas', 57,000 for Hayti-all else under $50,000. [These items belong to the exports of April 25.]

How is it that the editors of this celebrated work, who certainly possess splendid talents and make high pretensions to liberality and justice, so repeatedly misrepresent the truth and us, when speaking of slaves and slavery in this country? It does not seem possible that they are ignorant of the history of what they call our "danger and disgrace." They must know that it was their own gracious king and liberty-loving parliament that imposed it upon us, and rejected our humble petitions that the horrid traffic in human flesh might cease. They must know it was Virginia that first raised her voice against the blackening our land with slaves, and that the perseverance of holy Britain in the trade was one of the main causes of our "rebellion" against the "Lord's anointed," George the third. And is it his subjects that are to abuse us for possessing that evil which their own accursed avarice inflicted? There is a degree of meanness in this, that it is impossible to speak of without "indignation and contempt." It is bad enough to bear with the misfortune which the "mother country" entailed on this-but no other than deliberate knaves or incorrigible blockheads will blame this republic for it. The nation acted against slavery at the first moment that it could-and was the first to make the trade piracy. If the Reviewers really have any honorable feeling in respect to this matter, if they refer to slavery in America for any other purpose than to make an offset against the "simple wisdom and manly firm ness" that they are compelled to admire, let them join with us in deprecating the authors of this giant GUAYAQUIL. Extract of a letter from an American in mischief, which, they charitably say, "will one day en- Guayaquil to a gentleman in Salem, Mass. dated Decem tail, (and ought to entail), a bloody servile war upon ber 26, 1824-"I have been here about twenty days. us. But, if to deprecate the memory of George the The city is situated on a river of the same name, 3rd, and the acts of his parliaments, be treason, we about 50 miles from the sea, and is, by far, the best will excuse them, if they will only find out some prac-port on the coast. A frigate of the largest class may ticable means by which we can get rid of their curse. It is easy to talk about slavery, and say that it ought to be abolished. It cannot be abolished, unless in cruelty to the slaves themselves and without hazarding the safety of the white population, if means are not provided either for the transport of those liberated, or for a mixing of them in the common stock of the people. In all the slave-holding states, the freed negroes are the worst part of the population-the most miserable and the shortest lived. They have not been taught to think, and are incapable of providing for themselves; and even the best of them, some who are sober, discreet, temperate and industrious-that! would do honor to society if they were admitted into it, remain in the degraded and excluded class, on account of their color. The prejudice against it is not to be overcome by the people of the United States. Many there are who feel willing to sit down at the same table with black persons, and who treat them, in most respects, as rational and accountable beings like themselves; yet what reflecting white man will take a black wife, or give up his daughter for the wife of a black man? Let the reviewers send us a parcel of

come up to the city. The country abounds in ship timber, and many vessels are built here. The climate is perpetual summer, and rains are here common, although, fifty leagues south, at Payta, in Peru, shower was never known to fall.

The latitude of Guayaquil is 2 10 south, and its longitude about 79 45 west. Being so near the equator, it is, of course, always hot; but its rich soil, so unlike the barren coast of Peru, produces all kinds of fruits in great abundance. Although we are so near the equa tor, we sometimes see the winter garments of New

ca, the progress of the black population may be *It is possible that, by migrations to Hayti and Africhecked-and thousands of slaves would be liberated if means were provided and the way opened, for their comfortable subsistence in some other country.

The writer is mistaken here. Rain, it is true, is considered as a prodigy in Payta, as well as in many other parts of South America, but it has been known to rain there. About a hundred years ago, a small quantity fell, and many of the buildings were ruined by it, being built of mud-Ed. Salem Gaz

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