Creek language, married a chief's daughter, and acquired great influence. As the tool of Lord Dunmore, governor of the Bahamas, he tried to check the business undertakings of Panton, Leslie and Company, and to lessen the influence of McGillivray. Among the Creeks he was very popular. Aided by bad associates, he spread evil reports of McGillivray. He declared that McGillivray had sold his people first to the Spaniards and then to the United States. He was forced to leave the country by order of Colonel Milfort, who threatened to cut off his ears if he were not gone in twenty-four hours after receiving the order.

Bowles then became a pirate to hunt down the vessels of Panton. He captured some of them loaded with arms and general merchandise, and ran them up into bayous, and spent days in drunken sprees. He distributed the goods in the vessels among his roguish company of whites and Creeks.

6. McGillivray's Cunning and Deceit.-The New York treaty was not approved by the Indians and many of them lost faith in McGillivray, but his cunning could not be matched. He had Bowles arrested and transported to Madrid. He deceived Panton, Spain, and the Federal government, and kept on good terms with them all. Professing faithfulness to the United States, he assisted Spanish agents in opposing American settlements and obstructing American engineers in establishing the Creek and Georgia boundary line. At one and the same time he was the agent and a brigadier-general of the United States on a salary of twelve hundred dollars a year,

1792

the agent of Spain on a salary of thirty-five hundred a year, the partner of Panton, and the emperor of the Creek and Seminole nations. His frequent visits to New Orleans threw him constantly with Governor Cä ron'de let, whose orders to expel Americans from the Creek country no doubt pleased McGillivray, the "Talleyrand* (tăl li rănd') of Alabama," as the historian Pickett calls him.

The Federal government never restored his father's estate, and his Indian notion of morality made him think that he was doing right to deceive the United States and thus get back some of the money which he felt was justly due him.

He naturally liked the British and Spanish better than the Americans; but he foresaw the future greatness of the United States, and he sided with that country which was rapidly spreading its authority over the western continent.

7. Kindness and Hospitality. The rascality of traders and agents often brought terror and bloodshed. Families and companies of traders and travellers were massacred.† Sometimes by accident one or more members of the attacked party escaped. Mc

*Talleyrand was a wily French politician and diplomat in the time of the Bourbons and Napoleon.

†Colonel Pickett says that in 1788 Colonel Kirkland, of South Carolina, with his son, nephew, and several others, stopped at the home of McGillivray on their way to Pensacola; that McGillivray sent a servant with them as they left his house that the Indians might know they were friends; that a Hillabee Indian, a white man, and a negro murdered them in camp at night in what is now Conecuh county, on the bank of the stream which has ever since been called Murder Creek.

Gillivray was ever kind to the distressed, and his sisters and servants took part in several thrilling rescues and frequently gave protection to unfortunates.

McGillivray kept open house to friends and foes; but since he was selfish and dishonestly ambitious,

1793

8. Death and Burial.-McGillivray died in Pensa- Feb. 17, cola and was buried in that city with masonic honors in the beautiful garden of William Panton. His Indian subjects were deeply saddened by his death, and grieved that so distinguished a chief should

sleep his last sleep in the soil of the Seminoles. His remains were afterwards removed to Aberdeen, Scotland.

SUMMARY

Lachlan McGillivray, a Scotch youth, became a trader among American Indians; married Sehoy, the daughter of Captain Marchand and Sehoy, the Muscogee princess. Their three children, Sophia, Jeannet, and Alexander, were noted in history. Alexander was the greatest diplomat of his day. As chief of the Upper Creeks and powerful by his influence among the British, Spanish, and Americans, he had much to do with treaties, land sales, and other business between the Indians and the nations that had colonies in the southern part of the country. He was a great statesman, a great merchant, a great mason, and the close friend of William Panton.

QUESTIONS

1. Describe Lachlan McGillivray as a youth; as a business man; as a friend of the British. 2. Whom did he marry, and who were his children? 3. Sketch the early life of his son Alexander. 4. In what way was Alexander McGillivray honored in 1776? 5. How was he courted by the British, Spanish, and Americans? 6. What resulted from indefinite treaties? 7. What were McGillivray's relations with William Panton? 8. Describe his visit to New York along with other chiefs. 9. Give the terms of the treaty concluded in New York, and of the secret treaty with President Washington. 10. What troubles did he have with William Augustus Bowles? 11. What deceit did he practice, and for what reasons? 12. Describe his hospitality and kindness. 13. Give an account of his death and burial.

CHAPTER IV

WEATHERFORD AND PUSHMATAHA

(1780-1824)

(1764-1824)

1. Parentage of Weatherford.-Sehoy, the daughter of Sehoy Marchand and the Tookabatcha chief, had some romantic experiences. She was a beautiful girl, and bore the beloved family name from mother and grandmother. She married early, as beautiful maidens usually do. In her time the English held Fort Toulouse, and Colonel Tate, the British officer in command, married her. After awhile he deserted her, leaving her the mother of several children, but still young and beautiful.

Charles Weatherford, a thrifty Scotch peddler, met, admired, and married this buxom grass widow. He made his home on the Alabama river, a little below the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. He prospered in store and farm; bought negroes and fine horses; built his far-famed racetrack, upon which he trained his blooded steeds. His native tact, his marriage with Sehoy, the half-sister of McGillivray, his race-track, and his prosperity made him a popular man, and drew about him the leading warriors of the tribes.

2. Early Life.-In this home of plenty was born and reared his distinguished son William, who was called Lä mō chat'tee, the Red Eagle.

1780