Sanitary Institute (formerly S. I. of Great Britain).

1137. Obverse. Within crossed oak branches, Hygieia erect, to right, feeding serpent from patera. Inscription: PRIZE MEDAL OF THE SANITARY INSTITUTE

Reverse. Within field: AWARDED | TO | — — | BY THE SANITARY INSTITUte of GREAT BRITAIN | AS A SPECIAL | MARK OF MERIT Inscription: EXHIBITION OF SANITARY APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES DUBLIN 1884

Bronze. 32. 50mm. Storer, loc. cit., July, 1894, No. 2135. This description, from the Dublin medal, I have from Dr. F. P. Weber. The first medal was at Leam

ington, in 1877.

After 1888, the medal was changed, as follows.

1138. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. Also, save with the omission of: OF GREAT BRITAIN In addition : WORCESTER 1889 (There were similarly: PORTSMOUTH | 1892, [etc.])

Bronze. 33. 52mm. I have the description from Mr. A. H. Lyell, of London. There is an "Institut Sanitaire Britannique" in Brussels, which seems to be of a private and very irregular character. I have its token and it will be described under Belgium.

Society of Apothecaries of London.

There seem to exist two medals, for botany and materia medica, but I have as yet failed to obtain their description.

Society for Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge (1783–1818). Sir Everard Home received its gold medal (Dict. of Nat. Biog., xxvii, 1891, p. 227). It was probably the Fordyce-J. Hunter, No. 641 (Lyceum Medicum Londinense). Veterinary Medical Association. See under Medical Colleges.

Portsmouth. See London Sanitary Institute.
Worcester. See ibid.

b. Scotland.

1139. Edinburgh. "The Aesculapian" (a Convivial Club, founded in 1773). A gold medal, apparently the only one given, in 1777, to Dr. Erasmus Darwin's eldest son, Charles (1758-1778), for an experimental inquiry into pus and mucus. Though in the Records of the Aesculapian (1888), sent me by its secretary, Dr. John Smith, it is spoken of as only "proposed," Dr. Smith writes me that it was really conferred as I have stated. I have failed, however, to obtain its description.

Harveian Society. See Harvey, No. 655.

Royal College of Surgeons.

1140. Obverse. Within field: IN MEMORY OF WILLIAM MACPHUNE BATHGATE F. R. C. S. EDIN. | LECTURER ON MATERIA MEDICA &C. | BORN 1797-died 1867 | FOUNDED BY HIS SON | 1889 Above, the family arms and motto. Below, crossed branches of laurel.

Reverse. Within field: AWARDED TO | SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH

| BY THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF

AS THE PRIZE FOR EXAMINATION | IN MATERIA MEDICA

Above, the arms of the College.

Edges beaded.

Gold, bronze. Irregularly octagonal. 28. 44mm. Cut by Alexander Kirkwood & Sons. Founded by Col. Bathgate. I have drawings from Mr. A. H. Lyell, of London.

Royal Medical Society. See A. Duncan, No. 636.

[To be continued.]

I The above medal is not now given, as the fund is used for the promotion of swimming exercises in public schools selected by the Committee. There was a wax model for it, perhaps still in existence, that was made by Pistrucci in 1837, bearing the bust of Dr. Fothergill (Weber, Num. Chronicle, 1894, p. 67, No. 194c). The somewhat similar Stanhope medal is figured in the

Society's publications. I do not give it, because it is not strictly medical. Gold medals were given by the Society in 1776 to its two founders, Drs. Thomas Cogan (1736-1818) and Wm. Hawes (1738-1808). I have descriptions of them from Mr. A. H. Lyell, of London, but their essential portions are merely engraved.

POLITICAL TOKENS OF PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS.

BY EDMUND J. CLEVELAND.

ELECTION Contests in the United States for many years have been accompanied by the issue of medals, badges and souvenirs, expressive usually of admiration for the favored candidate and the cause he represents. In the memorable campaign lately closed, the stud-like articles designed to be worn on the coat lapel - the most conspicuous place on the person -known as buttons, have been the badges most generally used. Ever since and including the first presidential term, coat buttons which were manufactured for the purpose have been displayed to demonstrate the individual's loyalty to country or to party. Those which were worn during the term of George Washington have for years occupied place in numismatic cabinets and are highly prized. They were of the kind to be sewed on. Some of these were as given below; the numbers at the close of each denote the size by the American scale of sixteenths of an inch, and in millimeters.

I. Coat button. Obverse, Eagle displayed, on his breast the shield of the Union, an olive branch in his right, and three arrows in the left talon; above, the sun's rays: MEMORABLE ERA MARCH THE FOURTH 1789. Reverse, Shank or eye. 21. 35 mm.

2.

Coat button. Obverse, Bust facing left; REMEMBER MARCH FOURTH 1789. Reverse, Shank or eye.

21.

35 mm.

3. Coat button, surfaces flat. Obverse, In the centre within a sunken ellipse (6 x 12, 10 x 19 mm.) G w, above and partly surrounding which, and on a sunken semi-circle in raised letters: LONG LIVE THE PRESIDENT. Reverse, Plain, shank or eye. Brass. 21. 35 mm.

4. Coat button, surface flat. Obverse, In the centre within a circle (8, 12 mm.) in sunken script letters: G w, encircled by a sunken ring bearing in raised letters the legend - LONG LIVE THE PRESIDENT ✦ all completely encircled by thirteen sunken ovals or links each slightly overlapping the other and respectively inscribed in sunken script letters: NH, M, RI, C, NY, NJ, P, D, M, V, NC, SC, G. [Initials of the thirteen original States.] Reverse, Shank or eye, blank. Brass. 21. 35 mm. (See also Snowden's Washington Medals, p. 56.)

A coat button worn in the time of the third President, surface flat. Obverse, Clothed bust facing left, over which in a segment: TH: JEFFERSON. Reverse, Shank or eye, partly around which: R. MARTIN. Brass. 15. 24 mm.

A breastpin, surface flat. Obverse, Draped bust facing left, head dividing the legend HENRY | CLAY, all surrounded by a raised ornamental border. Reverse, Same type incuse, to which is soldered a brass pin on hinge and brass safety catch. Copper. Elliptical, 17 x 13. 27 x 21 mm.

In this connection I describe the following, closely related to the series, though not a token: A breastpin, surface flat. Obverse, On a black ground a silvered bas-relief of clothed bust facing left, above which, in raised black letters: VAN BUREN. Below bust: DEMOCRACY, all covered by a beveled glass held in position by a brass frame, the corners of which are trefoils, conjoined by a bevel moulding, all forming a fancy outline. Reverse, Plain, brass pin and safety catch fastened on. Brass. 18 x 15. 30 x 25 mm.

Coat button, surface convex, of the William Henry Harrison campaign. Obverse, Log cabin, no inscription. Reverse, Shank or eye. Brass. Brass. 15. 23 mm.

Coat button, surface convex. Obverse, Clothed bust of Zachary Taylor, right, dividing the legend ROUGH | & READY. Brass. Reverse, Ornamental sunken circle. Flat. Brass shank or eye. 15. 23 mm.

Among the first medalets designed for the purpose of influencing votes, were those of Jackson:

I.

Obverse, Military bust three-fourths right, partly encircled by: GEN! ANDREW JACKSON. Reverse, Within a wreath of two olive branches crossed at bottom: HERO | OF | NEW | ORLEANS. | NEW ORLEANS. Milling on edge and surrounding types on surface. Brass. 16. 25 mm.

2.

Obverse, Military bust left, partly encircled by: GEN ANDREW JACKSON. Reverse, Within a wreath of one oak branch to left and one olive branch to right, crossed at bottom: THE NATION'S | PRIDE first and third lines curving. Both types encircled by milling. Edge plain.

15.

From that time every election contest in the United States has been accompanied by issues of political tokens intended as advertisements or solicitations for support. I have gathered descriptions of more than a hundred of such badges, used in the campaign of 1896, but the list does not pretend to be anything like complete. As remarked, nearly all are not medallic, but some combine that character with comparatively novel qualities. All busts are clothed. Photographs are on light colored ground. Some of the badges appeared also in various sizes. The recently invented processes of applying a chemical coating to the metallic surface of the disk of metal, give the effect of different colors of enamel in many cases, and were very generally used. Many were merely disguised advertisements, issued by dealers who presented their customers with badges to suit their preference, whether for McKinley or Bryan, and the same device finished in gilt for Republicans or in silver for the Democrats and Populists, usually with a small photograph of the candidate, thus did double duty; for instance, either style was offered gratuitously to the purchasers of some brands of cigarettes. Some account of a few of these badges, though in no sense medallic, may be worth preserving in the Fournal, as showing the tendency of the times and explaining why the "Politicals" so-called, of previous campaigns, virtually disappeared in the last. In

addition to these there were several medallic “movable calendar" pieces, of which I have a number. While more nearly resembling medals than the others alluded to, these are all made-up affairs, with little or nothing to give them claim to a place in the numismatist's cabinet.

I. Button, surface flat. Obverse, Photograph, three-fourths left, surrounded by a blue circle, on which printed in white letters: . THE MCKINLEY LEAGUE. | STATE OF NEW YORK, all, and edge, encircled by red. Tin, enamelled. 15. 22 mm. Reverse, Plain, to which is fastened by a swivel a convex disc, on which in sunken letters: BALDWIN & GLEASON CO. L'D encircling 58 | READE N. Y. Tin. 8. | 2. Pin, surface convex.

ST

12 mm.

Obverse, On a black ground, U. S. flag waving and bearing within a circle a photograph of McKinley, three-fourths left; all, and edge, encircled by white. Tin, enamelled. 15. 22 mm. Reverse, In sunken letters: BALDWIN & GLEASON CO. L'D. ☀N Y. encircling: PAT APPL'D FOR which is just below a raised hump. Pin attached. 14. 22 mm. 3. Button, convex. Obverse, On a white ground U. S. flag waving; thereon, within a circle, photograph of McKinley three-fourths left. enamelled. 14. 22 mm. Reverse, Same as No. 1.

Tin,

4. Button, convex. Obverse, Entire surface covered by the flag; thereon, within circle, photograph of McKinley, three-fourths left. Tin, enamelled. 14. 22 mm. Reverse, Same as No. 1.

5. Button, convex. Obverse, In centre on circle, photograph of McKinley, three-fourths left; from the top and bottom of circle, four white and three red stripes alternately, extending vertically to edge; from right and left of circle the same stripes horizontally; in each of the four angles a large white star on blue ground. Tin, enamelled. 14. 22 mm. Reverse, As No. 1.

6. Button, convex. Obverse, Photograph of McKinley, large head, three-fourths left. Across breast in curved line, white letters: MCKINLEY. Head partly encircled by a narrow gilt band, outside of which above: nine white stars in curved line on blue ground; below, on either side of photograph, five red and five white horizontal stripes, alternately. Tin, enamelled. 14. 22 mm. Reverse, Plain, fastened by swivel, a convex disc on which in sunken letters: WHITEHEAD & HOAG CO. | NEWARK N. J. encircling PAT. | APP'D | FOR. Tin. 8. 12 mm.

7. Pin, convex. Obverse, Same as No. 6. Reverse, Hollow; edge bearing stripes and stars, curled over to a tin ring. 11. 18 mm.; pin attached. Within the shell, printed in black letters on white paper, enamelled: THE WHITEHEAD & HOAG CO. | NEWARK N. J. | PATENTED | JULY 17 1894 | APRIL 14 1896, and so forth.

8. Pin. Obverse, Same as No. 7, but without gilt line. Reverse, Same, but in blue letters on white paper, advertisement of cigarettes. Pinned to small silk U. S. flag. 4 x 2% in., with yellow ribbon.

9. Pin, convex. Obverse, Close copy of No. 6, but blue line around head and MCKINLEY close to collar. Reverse, Convex, circular inscription in sunken letters: SWEET CAPORAL | CIGARETTE. Tin, pin.

10. Inauguration Badge and Medal of McKinley and Hobart. Obverse, Within a countersunk circle, 17, 27 mm., busts jugata, to right, of McKinley and Hobart, no legend, all encircled by a band of rods or two fasces whose ends meet respectively at centre of top and of bottom, entwined about with ribbons, the exposed sides of which (slanting to the outer edge) each bear the name of a State, thirty-two in all. Reverse, The American eagle displayed, on his breast the shield of the Union, holding in beak a ribbon with E PLURIBUS UNUM. In right talon an olive branch, in left talon nine arrows. Above and around the eagle's head, in two lines in segment, thirteen stars, seven and six, and above them, also in segment, clouds and rays to top edge, all encircled by scrolls in various positions, each bearing the name of one of the original thirteen States. To left, at lower edge, the name of the maker: JOS. K. DAVISON PHILA. Raised rim on both obverse and reverse. 28. 44 mm. Bronze. Attached by clasp and two rings to centre of top is a bronze bar, on which in a rectangular panel: INAUGURATION MARCH 4 1897, below which a trophy of flags. Encircling the staffs, in centre, an olive wreath. Reverse, Blank. Attached by a gold-colored ribbon, embroidered with the American flag, to an upper bronze bar, on which the National Capitol. The whole is very well done, but the portraiture could have been better.

Beside these were the ingenious gold and silver "bugs," so-called, of which it may be said that while they were struck, they had nothing of the medallic quality; they had an attachment which, when touched, expanded the wings and displayed the candidate's photograph.

These sufficiently show the general character of the political campaign badges, used by both parties in 1896. It is greatly to be regretted that such affairs should have taken the place of the medals and tokens, rich in witty allusions and party cries, which marked the contests of half a century ago, and which will be preserved and valued long after the pins, bugs, and buttons of the McKinley-Bryan campaign shall have passed into oblivion.

THE COIN CABINET OF THE SULTAN.

A VISITOR to Constantinople who was allowed the privilege of examining the treasures of the Sultan's cabinet, writes as follows:

The great museum of Constantinople, though not so-called, is the Sultan's treasury in the Seraglio. It is extraordinarily rich in treasures of precious stones, jewelled swords, daggers, rich brocades, aigrettes, etc., but the bad arrangement and the worse lighting makes it difficult to examine them. The collections of coins are arranged in the not very scientific order of size in a glass case, in the middle of the second room.