PREFACE. THIS edition of the Penal Code contains all the amendments made thereto up to the termination of the regular session of the Legislature of 1881. The date of approval of each amendment is given at the end of the section amended, the word " approved" indicating that the amendatory act took effect at the statutory time, sixty days after passage, while the words "in effect" indicate that the act took effect "from and after its passage." All the decisions of the Supreme Court of this State, as well as numerous decisions of foreign courts of last resort, bearing upon the subjects treated, have been added as notes to the text, given in as terse a form as possible, having regard to the point decided and its application. Numerous cross-references will be found throughout the volume, to facilitate the comparison of cognate sections, and render the necessity of an appeal to the index less frequent. The general statutes relating to subjects embraced in the Penal Code are given in the appendix, and those parts of the Code of Procedure relating to juries and evidence, as prepared by Mr. Newmark, are bound in for convenience of reference. The whole is submitted to the profession, with a view to aid practitioners in this interesting branch of the law. ROBERT DESTY. MAY 2nd, 1881. [8] CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS, §§ 26, 678. PERSONS LIABLE TO PUNISHMENT, Title i, §§ 26-7. PARTIES TO CRIMF, Title ii, §§ 30-33. OFFENSES AGAINST THE STATE, Title iii, §§ 37, 38. CRIMES AGAINST THE ELECTIVE FRANCHISE, Title iv, §§ CRIMES AGAINST THE EXECUTIVE POWER, Title v, §§ 65–77. CRIMES AGAINST THE LEGISLATIVE POWER, Title vi, §§ 81–89. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE, Title vii, §§ 92-185. Bribery and corruption, chap..i, §§ 92-100. Escapes, and aiding therein, chap. iii, §§ 105-11. Forging, stealing, mutilating, and, talsifying judicial and public records and documents, chap. iv, §§ 113-17. Falsifying evidence, chap. vi, §§ 132-38. Conspiracy, chap. viii, §§ 182-85. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON, Title viii, §§ 187-257: Homicide, chap. i, §§ 187-199. Kidnapping, chap. iii, §§ 207-8. Attempts to kill, chap. v, §§ 216-17. Assaults with intent to commit felony, other than as- [9] |