and reply to Consistency.-On Prisons, and what is called Prison Discipline.-Reflections, Moral and Political, continued.Epigram. No. 6, contains, An Address, &c.-Case of Mary Ann Carlile.— To the Christian Judge Bailey, Letter the Fourth.-Character of Woman.-Letter from and to Mr. Francis Marsden of Sheffield.Letter from and to Mr. James Maber of Bath.-Letter from and to Mr. John Bell of Carlisle.-To Mr. Carlile, by T. Whitworth.Notice of "Queen Mab," "Cain, a Mystery," and a "Royal Reviewer." No. 7, contains, An Address, &c.-Letter from Mr. Cobbett to Mr. Carlile, copied from his Register.-Letter to Mr. Carlile, by a Liberal Christian.-To Ditto, by Mr. John Townsend.-Anecdote relating to the National Debt.-Letter from and to Mr. Howard Fish. To Mr. Carlile by Mr. Richard Moore of Manchester.— Aphorisms of Condorcet.-To Mr. Carlile from a Deist.-The Effects of a Belief in a future State of Existence on Society.—Address to Mr. Carlile from Liverpool.-Letter to Ditto from his imprisoned Shopmen.-Anecdote relating to Thomas Paine. No. 8, contains, An Address, &c.-Čelebration of the Birth-day of Thomas Paine in London, Edinburgh, Birmingham, Manchester, Stockport and Stokesly; Song and Poetry by W. V. Holmes.Case of Mr. David Ridgway.-Poetical Address by E. R.-Letter to Dr. England.-Letter from and to Mr. John Heys, Bolton. No. 9, contains, An Address, &c.-Letter to Mr. Hunt.-Correspondence between Mr. Carlile and the Solicitor to the Treasury. No. 10, contains, An Address, &c.-The folly of Prosecutions for Libel.-A copy of the "North Briton" No .45.-Correspondence with the Secretary of State for the Home Department.Celebration of the Birth-day of Thomas Paine at Ashton-under-line. Letter from R. A. of Edinburgh with Critical Enquiry into the Harmony of the Books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.-Correspondence between Mr. Carlile and Madame M. B. de Bonneville.-Fragment of a Letter to Camille Jordan, by Thomas Paine. No. 11, contains, An Address, &c.-Death of Stewart the celebrated Traveller.-Letter to Mr. Carlile by Chirurgicus.To Ditto, by Regulator, on the progress of Reason, the belief of a Deist, and the reasons for his Belief. To the Christian Judge Bailey, Letter Fifth.-Letter from Lord Byron to Mr. Murray his Publisher.-Letter from and to Mr. Robert Armstrong of Stokesley. The Scripturian's Creed. No. 12, contains, An Address, &c.--Letter from and to Mr. Robert Robinson.-To Mr. Carlile, by P. F.-To Ditto, by Abraham Walker of Rastrich.-To Ditto by James Humphreys of Springdale. To Abraham Walker. To the Vice Society, by John' Jones.-Celebration of the Birth-day of Thomas Paine at Leeds.— Scripturian's Creed concluded. No. 13, contains, An Address, &c.-Celebration of the Birth day of Thomas Paine continued.-To the Christian Judge Bailey, No. 14, contains, An Address, &c.-Letter to Mr. James No. 15, contains, An Address, &c.-Letter Second to Mr. No. 16, contains, An Address, &c.--To the Christian Judge Bailey, Letter the Seventh.-Letter from and to Mr. James Thomson of Tickle Street, Manchester.-Reports of three Public Meetings held at Leeds, on the subject of addressing Sir Charles Wolseley. Notice of a Subscription from Whitefield near Man- chester. Address from the London Committee, and London Sub- scriptions continued. Notice of the Publication of Lawrence's Lectures; and the first days Proceedings on the Mock Trials of R. No. 17, contains, An Address, &c.-Letters from and to Mr. John Smithson of Leeds.-Letter from B. A. of Canterbury.- Critical Enquiry into the Harmony of the Gospels continued. The Kóran Society.-Letter from Mr. Abraham Walker of Rastrick.— Letter from and to Mr. James Humphreys.-Letter from Mr. John Grattan, jun. of Wingerworth. Notice of Lawrence's Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of Man.-Conti- nuation of the Report of the Leeds Public Meetings. No. 18, contains, An Address, &c.-To the Christian Judge Bailey, Letter Eighth.-Extracts from "Le Bon Sens."-Conti- nuation of a Critical Enquiry into the Harmony of the Gospels.-- Letter from Mr. William Braithwaite of Leeds.-Petition of Mary Ann Carlile to the House of Commons, and Correspondence with Mr. Hobhouse about presenting it.-Rules and Regulations of the London Zetetic Society.-The Patriots, Poetry.-Notice concern- ing the continuation of the Publication of the Mock Trials. No. 19, contains, An Address, &c.-Conclusion of the Report of the three Public Meetings at Leeds.-Letter from and to Mr. ley Yorkshire.-Letter from and to Mr. Elijah Ridings of Fails- No. 20, contains, An Address, &c.-Leeds Public Meeting for No. 21, or Appendix to Vol. V. contains, An Address &c.- No. 1. Vol. V.] LONDON, FRIDAY, Jan. 4, 1822. [PRICE 6d. TO THE REPUBLICANS OF THE ISLAND OF GREAT BRITAIN. CITIZENS, Dorchester Gaol, Jan. 1, Year 3, of the Spanish Revolution. DID I not know that you form a very numerous body in this Island: did I not know that the majority of the male inhabitants of this Island were in reality Republicans, I should not under the present form and state of the British Govern. ment venture to address you thus openly; but as 1 do knowthat the majority of those who call themselves Reformers, which are now full three-fourths of the people, are in reality advocates for a complete Republic, and that you constitute the majority of the whole people, I shall in future drop the word Reformer, which admits such a variety of constructions under the words moderate, thorough, and radical, and address you under the noble epithet of Republicans. The word Reformer has long been too vague a word to satisfy me, and as soon as I began to interest myself in political matters, and to weigh well the common words and epithets in use, I could find none pleasing to my mind but that comprehensive and liberty-like word REPUBLICAN. Republicanism is a word not necessarily implying any particular form of Government, but it is a word of perfect security, and applies to no form of government but where the interest of a whole people is considered in preference to individual or party interest. An absolute Monarchy might be a more Republican form of Government than the present British Government, and if that absolute monarch was a mild and intelligent man, and had no private or particular interest at heart but that of the country and the whole people, that state of society would be perfectly Republican. England was a perfect Republic under the reign of Alfred, but bas never been so since that time, neither have we any proof that it was ever so before, and as the chance is so many to Printed and Published by R. CARLILE, 55, Fleet Street. one, as to getting a Republican King, it is necessary that some more regular and more certain base of Republicanism should be sought and established. That base is the Representative System of Government, and that system must possess a pure Executive to be perfectly Republican. Look at Spain. Two years ago a complete Representative System of Government was there established, with the exception, that it retained its old corrupt Executive; the consequence of which has been, that this corrupt Executive has studiously sought to corrupt the whole Government, and now the people of Spain find themselves driven to the necessity of accomplishing another revolution, to rid themselves of this Executive Power, and to establish one in its stead that shall emanate from Representation, and whose interests shall be felt to be in unison with those of the people. The Republicans of this Island ought to take warning from Spain, and never attempt to form or countenance a Government that shall again leave the dangerous work of revolution to be a matter of necessity. The revolutions of Governments are very serious affairs, and ought to be avoided as far as possible: to the honest, the wise, and the good, they can never be viewed as amusements, however necessary: the desperate, the dishonest, and the wicked can alone wish for a frequent recurrence of them. That there must be a revolution in this Island is visible to all and admitted by all, and it therefore becomes the duty of the patriot and philanthropist to endeavour to bring it about in that manner, which shall not, as in Spain, leave a necessity of having, in a short time, again to pass the same ordeal. When it does take place it should be effectual to all the objects necessary to be reformed, and to assist in producing those effectual measures the pages of the Republican shall be devoted. In discontinuing the publication of "The Republican" at the close of 1820 I expressed a hope that it would be but for a time: that hope is now accomplished, all the causes for that discontinuance are now removed, and I am again at my post with renewed vigour and determination; I flatter myself that I shall be now able to make it a journal worthy of the times, and that either in this shape or some more extended one I shall never again cease to keep up its character and title, whilst I possess the means of proceeding. One object I have in view is to concentrate the Republicans of this Island and to make them well acquainted with each other, and that in this publication they may find the focus of their sentiments and wishes. Another object I have, is to form a phalanx around myself, such as shall be strong |