who, at the time of taking the number of any family, has his usual abode in it, is, nevertheless, not to be included in the return of that family, if his usual place of abode was, on the first Monday of August, in another family. The name of every person having no settled place of residence, is to be inserted in the column of the schedule allotted for the heads of families in the division where such person shall be on the first Monday of August.

Your assistants will be careful to observe, however, an important distinction between the inquiries directly necessary to the enumeration, and those relating to manufactures; they will see, that, by the sixth section of the act, each and every free person, more than 16 years of age, whether heads of families or not, belonging to any family within any division, district, or territory, is obliged to render the assistant of the division, if required, a true account, to the best of his or her knowledge, of every person belonging to such family respectively, according to the several descriptions in the schedule, upon a penalty of $20; but, as the act lays no positive injunction upon any individual to furnish information upon the situation of his property, or his private concerns, the answers to all inquiries of that character must be altogether voluntary, and every one, to whom they are put or addressed, will be at liberty to decline answering them at all. This has been a principal motive for putting the inquires pointed to the two kinds of information to be required, into separate and distinct forms. It is to be expected that some individuals will feel reluctant to give all the information desired in relation to manufactures; but, as the views of Congress in directing the collection of this information, were undoubtedly views of kindness toward the manufacturing interest in general, it is hoped, that the general sentiment among the persons included in that highly important class of our population will incline them to give all the information relating to their condition, which may enable the legislature hereafter to promote their interests by measures conciliating with them those of the other great and leading classes of society.

By the seventh section of the act, every assistant, before making his return to you, is required to cause a correct copy, signed by himself, of the schedule containing the number of inhabitants within his division, to be set up at two of the most public places within the same, there to remain for the inspection of all concerned; proof of which is to be transmitted to you by each of your assistants, with the return of the number of persons-upon failure of which the assistant will forfeit the compensation allowed him by the act. The time during which the copy of the schedule must thus remain set up is not specified; but must be presumed a reasonable time for the purposes obviously intended by this provision, namely, for the detection of errors which may have happened in the names of the heads of families and numbers of persons to be returned; a time within which all the inhabitants recorded in the schedule may have had a sufficient opportunity for the inspection thus offered them, and to point out the errors in it, to be corrected. A form of a certificate, to be signed by two respectable witnesses, and annexed to the schedule No. 1, is inclosed, as a convenient mode of furnishing the proof required by the act.

The returns of enumeration, when received from all your assistants, are to be filed by you, together with an attested copy of the aggregate amount, to be made out by yourself, with the clerk of your district (or superior) court, who are directed to receive and carefully preserve them. And on or before the 1st day of April next, you are to transmit to this Department the aggregate amount of each description of persons within your district (or territory): by which is to be understood, not merely the general aggregate amount of your whole district, but also the special aggregate of every subdivision, of counties, towns, townships, cities, boroughs, and parishes, and, in the principal cities, of their several wards.

The return of manufactures collected by yourself, and those made to you by your assistants, you are to transmit, together with abstracts of the same, to this Department, at the same time with the aggregate of the enumeration. The form of an abstract, corresponding with the questions on the blank sheet (No. 7) from the answers to which it is to be compiled, is herewith transmitted and numbered (9). With the forms of return is inclosed that of the aggregates to be compiled by you (No. 8) from all the returns, and a specimen of the manner in which they may be most conveniently filled up by each of your assistants. By taking a quire of common paper, or as many sheets as his enumeration will require, and stitching them through at a proper fold, as a book, and prefixing the form of his return, to project beyond the edges of his book, he will always have under his eye the necessary guide to the proper columns in which entries are to be made, without being obliged to repeat the heading at the top of each sheet. Under the heading of each column, ciphered figures are also printed, denoting the different classes of persons, which, at a glance of the eye, will point to the column in which each entry is to be made.

For the purpose of uniformity in the mode of rendering the accounts of compensation for taking the census or enumeration of inhabitants, the following instructions on that point are added:

1. No payments will be made in advance from the Treasury for this object. On the rendering of the accounts by the marshals, the payments will be made at the Treasury; and the payment will be made, for the whole amount of compensation in each district or territory, to the marshal thereof. The assistants are to be apprised, that it is the marshal alone to whom they are to apply for their compensations.

2. As soon as the marshal has received the returns of all his assistants, he is to make out an abstract of their compensation in the form annexed (No. 10), adding at foot the amount of his own compensation, as fixea by the act of 14th of March, 1820.

3. If any of the assistants are allowed more than at the rate of $1 for every hundred persons enumerate 1, there must be annexed to the abstract the certificate of the district or territorial judge, approving such additional allowance.

4. The account of compensation is to be transmitted to this Department, at the same time with the returns of the census.

The column of compensation for taking account of manufactures must be left in blank; and the allowance will be a percentage, not exceeding 20 per cent on the amount allowed for the other services required by the act. This apportionment being subject to the direction of the Secretary of State, you will state in the column the amount of your claim for it; and if extending to, or approaching, the whole allowance within the limits of the act, you will assign the reasons upon which it may be allowed, by a justifiable exercise of the discretion authorized by the law.

Should any difficulty or obstacle occur to any of your assistants, in performing the duty assigned to him, it is expected that he will give you immediate notice of it, that you may take measures for removing it, if within your power. Should any such occur to yourself, for which it may be within the competency of this Department to provide a remedy, you are requested to give immediate communication of it, to me. A number, believed to be competent, of copies of the act, of these instructions, and of the forms referred to in them, numbered as noted, is herewith furnished for the supply of yourself and your assistants, to whom they are supposed to be necessary. Should more be required, you will receive them, on giving notice of it by letter to this Department. You are requested, as soon as convenient, after the receipt of this letter, to acknowledge it.

I have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, your humble and obedient servant, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.

LIST OF PAPERS INCLOSED.

Copies of the act for taking the fourth census or enumeration.
Copies of these instructions.

Forms: (a)

1. Schedule of enumeration to be used by the assistants, and returned to the marshal, on or before the first Monday in February, 1821.

2. Oath or affirmation of the marshal, to be returned (certified by a judge or justice of the peace, resident within the district) to the Department of State. 3. Oath of the assistant, to be taken before entering on the duties required by the act, and by him returned, certified as aforesaid, to the marshal, and by the marshal to the Department of State.

4. Oath of the assistant, to be taken after completing his return, and transmitted with it certified as aforesaid, to the marshal, and by him to the Department of State.

5. Interrogatories of enumeration, to be used by the assistants.

6. Alphabetical list of manufactures, to be used by the assistants.

7. Questions concerning manufactures, to be answered on the same sheet; one to be used for each manufacturing establishment, and returned, with the answers, to the marshal, and by him to the Department of State.

8. Aggregate of enumeration, to be compiled by the marshal from the schedules returned by the assistants, and transmitted to the Department of State.

9. Abstract of manufactures, to be made by the marshal from the returns of the assistants, and transmitted with them to the Department of State.

10. Account of compensation, to be transmitted with the returns of the census by the marshal to the Department of State.

a Printed in full in Report on Census of 1820.

CENSUS OF 1830.

SCHEDULE of the whole number of Persons within the Division alloted to the Marshal of the ..... District (or Territory) of

...

Name of county, city, ward, town, township, parish, precinct, hundred, or district. Names of heads of families.

Free white persons (including heads of families):

Males:

Under 5 years of age.

Of 5 and under 10.

Of 10 and under 15.

Of 15 and under 20.

Of 20 and under 30.

Of 30 and under 40.

Of 40 and under 50.

Of 50 and under 60.

Of 60 and under 70.
Of 70 and under 80.
Of 80 and under 90.
Of 90 and under 100.
Of 100 and upwards.
Females:

Under 5 years of age.
Of 5 and under 10.
Of 10 and under 15.
Of 15 and under 20.

Of 20 and under 30.

Under 10 years of age.
Of 10 and under 24.
Of 24 and under 36.

Of 36 and under 55.
Of 55 and under 100.
Of 100 and upwards.
Females:

Under 10 years of age.
Of 10 and under 24.
Of 24 and under 36.
Of 36 and under 55.
Of 55 and under 100.
Of 100 and upwards.
Free colored persons:
Males:

Under 10 years of age.
Of 10 and under 24.
Of 24 and under 36.
Of 36 and under 55.
Of 55 and under 100.
Of 100 and upwards.
Females:

Under 10 years of age.
Of 10 and under 24.
Of 24 and under 36.
Of 36 and under 55.
Of 55 and under 100.
Of 100 and upwards.

Total:

White persons included in the foregoing:

Who are deaf and dumb, under 14 years of age.

Who are deaf and dumb, of the age of 14 and under 25.
Who are deaf and dumb, of the age of 25 and upwards.
Who are blind.

Aliens-foreigners not naturalized.

Slaves and colored persons included in the foregoing:
Who are deaf and dumb, under 14 years of age.

Who are deaf and dumb, of the age of 14 and under 25.
Who are deaf and dumb, of the age of 25 and upwards.
Who are blind.

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARSHALS-CENSUS OF 1830. (a)

Department of STATE, Washington, March 24, 1830.

To the Marshal of the United States for the District of . SIR: I herewith inclose a copy of "An act to provide for taking the fifth census, or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States.'

The instructions and regulations to be given in pursuance of this act, will be prepared as soon as possible, and transmitted to you, together with blank forms and interrogatories, and a sufficient number of those blanks for the use of the whole number of deputies in your district. This course is adopted, to produce a uniformity in all the official returns under the act referred to.

In the meantime, to avoid any unnecessary delay, and as the enumeration is to commence on the first day of June next, you will please make a selection of your assistants as soon as possible, and transmit to this Department a list of their names, and of the districts or divisions assigned to each.

On the perusal of the act, you will see the necessity of your selecting persons of ability and integrity, and possessing the additional qualification of diligent and industrious habits, and particularly those competent in accounts.

In order that I may form some estimate of the probable number of blanks that will be required in your district, be pleased to note on the list of assistants, the probable number of inhabitants in each assistant's division.

I will thank you to acknowledge this circular immediately, and to direct your answer to this, as well as all communications relating to the census, as follows: "Department of State, Washington City, D. C.-Census."

And if it be practicable, it would conduce to the convenience of this Department, that your letters should be written upon paper of the dimensions of this sheet. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,

M. VAN BUREN.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, April 15, 1830.

To the Marshal of the United States for the District of SIR: The "Act to provide for taking the fifth census, or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States," copies of which are herewith transmitted, prescribes, that this enumeration shall be taken under the direction of the Secretary of State, and according to such instructions as he shall give, pursuant to the act. In obedience to the injunctions therein contained, the following instructions are now transmitted to you.

The means provided by the legislature, in the act, for the attainment of the objects enumerated, are in the appointment of the marshals of the several districts, and of such assistants as they may select, for the accomplishment of the returns within the period prescribed by law.

The importance of the duties assigned to these officers, by the act, is sufficiently indicated by the provisions, that every marshal and every assistant, shall, before he enters on the duties required by the act, take an oath or affirmation for the faithful performance of them; and that, after this performance, every assistant shall take a second oath, or affirmation, that he has faithfully performed these duties in the manner prescribed by the act. Blank forms of these oaths, numbered 1, 2, and 7, are

a Reproduced from report on census of 1830.

herewith transmitted to you, in numbers sufficient to supply yourself and your assistants, and, for the sake of uniformity, the form of a certificate, to be subscribed by the magistrate who may administer the oath, is subjoined to it. It is directed that you transmit to this Department one copy of the certificate that you have, yourself, taken the oath required of the marshal; that you should require of all your assistants to deliver, or transmit to you, the certificates of their oaths, taken both before and after their returns, and that you return them to this Department, as they will be vouchers necessary for the settlement of your account. Each set of oaths (or affirmations) to be immediately transmitted to the Department on receipt by the marshal. The duties to be performed by your assistants, under the solemnities of an oath, are such as will require arduous industry, active intelligence, pure integrity, great facility and accuracy of computation, and an intimate knowledge of the division allotted to them respectively. They must, by the letter of the act, be residents of the county or city for which they shall be appointed, and each division may include one or more towns, townships, wards, hundreds, precincts, or parishes, which must be plainly and distinctly bounded; but a division must, in no case, exceed one county. You will also use all suitable precautions, to avoid the assignment of the same portion of the population, to more than one assistant, and the inconvenience that any two of them should interfere with each other.

Your assistants will observe, that the act expressly requires the enumeration to be made by an actual inquiry at every dwelling house, or by personal inquiry of the head of every family, and not otherwise; and that the oath or affirmation to be taken by them, after the performance of this duty, and before they can receive compensation for the same, declares, expressly, that they have ascertained the numbers by such actual inquiry.

The act requires that the enumeration shall commence on the 1st day of June next, and shall close within six calendar months thereafter, and that the said assistant shall, on or before the 1st day of December, 1830, deliver to the marshals by whom they shall have been appointed, respectively, two copies of the accurate returns of all persons (except Indians not taxed) enumerated as aforesaid, within their respective divisions. From the number of inquiries to be made at every house, it is obvious that the progress to be made by each assistant will be necessarily slow; and as it is required that the enumeration shall be completed within the time prescribed, you will perceive the necessity of appointing a number of assistants adequate to that result, and each assistant must be enjoined not to lose a day in the performance of his task. And I beg leave to suggest, as advisable, proper precautions to meet the contingency of any of your assistants being disabled by sickness, or otherwise, from accomplishing his duties, and to supply, immediately, the places of such as may be vacated by death, or other casualty.

To facilitate the labor of your assistants, a printed list of all the interrogatories for enumeration is inclosed (No. 3), in which all the questions refer to the day when the enumeration is to commence-the 1st day of next June. Your assistants will also bear in mind to include all persons of a family (except Indians not taxed) who were members thereof on the 1st day of June, 1830, whether present or not, and not to include any person whose usual abode was not in the family they are enumerating on the said 1st day of June. They will, of course, include such persons as may have deceased after that day, and will not include in it infants born after that day. This, though not prescribed in express terms by the act, is the undoubted intention of the legislature, as manifested by the clause, providing that every person shall be recorded as of the family in which he or she shall reside on the 1st day of June, 1830.

The execution of the fifth section of the act requires the further interrogatories, whether any person, whose usual abode was in the family on the 1st day of June, 1830, be absent therefrom at the time of making the inquiry, and if so, the sex, age, color, and condition, are to be asked and marked in the proper column, in the return of the family. It follows, of course, that any person, who, at the time of taking the enumeration of any family, has his abode in it, is, nevertheless, not to be included in the return of that family, if his usual place of abode, was, on the 1st day of June, in another family. The name of every person, having no settled place of residence, is to be inserted in the column of the schedule, allotted for the heads of families, in the division where such person shall be on the 1st day of June, and, of course, also in one of the other columns, according to the age and condition of such

person.

Your assistant will see, that, by the sixth section of the act, each and every free person, more than 16 years of age, whether heads of families or not, belonging to any family, within any division, district, or territory, is obliged to render the assistant of