LANCASTER COUNTY PERSONAL PROPERTY TOWNSHIPS. Bart Brecknock Carnarvon Cocalico TAX. VALUATION. 3,950 8,820 77,950 136,110 TAX. 3 95 8 82 77 95 136 11 Let it be remembered, also, that although the expenses of this institution are defrayed in part from the county treasury, the charge upon the public is not thereby at all increased. Every child within its walls, in all human probability, would, either in the almshouse or in the prisons, have been supported by the community, during their minority, and when permitted to The following statement exhibits the valuation of the Ground-rents, Promissory Notes, Bonds, Judgments, Mortgages, Stocks in Corporations, Public Stocks, Pleasure Carriages, &c., in the county of Lancaster, made taxable by the act of March 25, 1831, and the sum assessed on such property for the use of the Common-go at large, would be turned out, contaminated and degraded, in the midst of a large city, to prey on society wealth, with the apportionment of the same. until again detected in infringing its laws, they should be brought before our criminal courts, and rendered desperate and hopeless by conviction. Were mere economy therefore consulted, the continuance of the appropriation made by the legislature would be justified. But in the one case no means can be used to educate, instruct or reform the subject, in the other these are the great and leading objects in view, and every precaution and device which intelligence and ingenuity can sug gest, are employed for their accomplishment. Moral considerations, such as these, infinitely outweigh all cal culations of expense, and the legislature, while the blessings of education are becoming more diffused 40 23 throughout the commonwealth, will not refuse to aid and protect an unfortunate class of individuals, whose vices are sometimes occasioned by accident or misfortune, and in whose favor not only their destitute and unhappy situation, but the interests of the community urge almost irresistible claims. 8.910 Colerain Conestoga 76,120 East Donegal 165,310 West Donegal 40,810 Drumore 16.925 Earl 288,910 Elizabeth 100,120 East Hempfield 40,230 West Hempfield 203,650 Lampeter 257,150 Lancaster 39,360 City 992,031 Leacock 336,170 Little Britain 82,080 Manheim 195,985 Manor 109,950 Martick 43,700 Mountjoy 33,490 Rapho 73,960 Sadsbury 34,490 Salisbury 177,430 Strasburg 240,200 214,030 $4,005,841 8.91 76 12 165 31 40 81 16 92 288 91 108 12 203 65 39 36 992 03 82 08 109 95 33 49 240 20 From the statement hereunto annexed, the legislature will see that notwithstanding the great additional cost occasioned by the necessity of preventing escape, sepa43 70 rating the sexes, and instructing them in various mechanical occupations, the institution receives from the public, for each child, including every expense, but about one dollar and twenty-five cents per week; and even this sum the managers have no means of raising without legislative provision. The extensive buildings required for the accommodation of the inmates, have exhausted the funds given for that purpose, and left a considerable debt unpaid. Unless the appropriation heretofore made, be continued, they will be reduced to the necessity of discharging or turning over to the guardians of the poor, all the inmates in the house; a result, which would probably consign most of them to inevitable moral destruction, and which the board, confiding in the judgment and liberality of the legislature, cannot anticipate. $4,005 83 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS OF THE HOUSE OF REFUGE. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In compliance with the provisions of their charter, the managers of the House of Refuge, respectfully report: That their experience, during the past year, authorizes them to reiterate the expressions of their opinion in relation to the beneficial effects of the institution under their charge. They are satisfied the prejudices formerly existing in the minds of the parents and connexions of the inmates against the system adopted by the legislature, have been gradually yielding to the evidences of improvement and reform afforded by the conduct of those who have been indentured or discharged from the House of Refuge. The numerous applications, and the facility of obtaining respectable and suitable places for these children, show conclusively, that so far from considering their commitment an objection, they are generally preferred to others who have been permitted to grow up without salutary restraint and control. The humane object of the legislature, in providing an asylum for those who have taken the first steps in a vicious course, who have broken through the common guards of innocence, and from want, neglect or ignorance, fallen under the temptations which surround them, has been therefore almost answered-and numbers who would otherwise have remained the constant and regular tenants of our prisons, -a useless burden on the community-whose miserable lives would have ended in a miserable death, have been sent forth with a tolerable education, industrious and moral habits, considerable skill in some mechanical employment, and a degree of health and strength, which, without such an asylum, they could never have obtained. Remaining in the House on the 1st 113 44 287 posite side. Mr. Spicer proposes to divide the distance between any two large towns, (as, for example, between 49 Philadelphia and New York,) into sections of five miles 14 each; an engine for condensing, (or exhausting,) being 11 placed at one end of the section, while another for ex17 hausting, (or condensing, ) is placed at the opposite end. 3 It is understood that it is proposed to use tubes ten inches in diameter. 2 2 To examine this device, the first inquiry should be directed to ascertaining whether it is good or bad in 98 theory, and if good in theory it would then remain to examine whether it is practically good, and finally, to estimate the cost of its application as compared with 157 other modes of conveyance, as by rail-roads, &c. 2 119 2 123 Auger and Sickle makers. The girls who have been indentured have all, (10,) been apprenticed to learn housewifery. The boys have been employed in book-binding, boot and shoe-making, tailoring, in manufacturing brass and cut nails, band boxes, watch chains, &c.; the girls in sewing and house work generally. The average age of the boys received in 1831, was 14 years, that of the girls abour 15 years. The first question, in point of magnitude, in the theoretical examination of this machine is, do the known laws of the motion of elastic fluids, warrant us in concluding that air can be compressed and exhausted in the manner proposed? That air has inertia is proved by the familiar illustrations of its force when in motion, and its resistance, when at rest, to a body moving through it. That air in passing through a tube would be retarded by friction, is reasonable to suppose from the laws which apply to other fluids. To determine the amount of this resistance recourse must be had to experiment, from which alone, the data for correctly solving such problems can be obtained. Many experiments have been made upon this subject, possessing various degrees of merit. In an experiment made in England, by Wilkinson, the whole force of a large hydraulic wheel could not force air to the distance of 320 yards through a pipe one foot in diameter. Girard found that a pipe of .6 of an inch in diameter, and 364 feet long, diminished the discharge of air by .9. Other experimenters have made the expense due to resistance in passing through tubes, less; as those of Clement Desormes, in which a loss of thirty-five per cent. was produced in a pipe ten inches in diameter, and 1490 feet in length. The D'Aubission in an elaborate series of experiments, f made at the mines of Rancié, has investigated the amount of resistance experienced by air in passing through tubes of various lengths and diameters. diameters experimented upon, were four inches, two inches, and one inch. The length from twenty yards up to 430 yards, (nearly one-fourth of a mile,) varying by lengths of twenty yards. The force of the air at the different points was measured by syphon gauges at opposite ends of any pipe; the difference in height of the two gauges measuring the force expended in overcoming the resistance of the air to motion through the pipe. From these experiments results a formula by which, having given the pressure of the air at one extremity of a tube, in inches of mercury, the diameters of the tube at the two extremities, the length of the tube, the height of the barometer which measures the in-pressure of the external air, and the temperature of the air, the pressure at the opposite end of the pipe may By order of the Board of Managers of the House of Refuge. Philadelphia, March 29, 1832. Attested, JOHN SERGEANT, President. JAMES J. BARCLAY, Sec'y H. R. For the purposes of our examination, we may assume the air at 32° Fah. (0° of centigrade scale,) and neglect the effect of the increase of temperature by condensation,and its decrease by rarefaction. The diameter of the tube is also to be taken the same throughout, sumed at thirty inches. With these data the following table has been calculated from the formula, assuming that at one end of the tube there is placed a steam engine capable of effecting a condensation equal to eleven atmospheres. The first three columns give the lengths of the tube in different denominations, the fourth The committee on inventions, appointed by the Frank-viz, ten inches. The height of the barometer is aslin Institute, for the promotion of the mechanic arts, to whom was referred the consideration of the several subjects annexed, present the following report, viz: On James Spicer's plan for Transporting the Mail, &c. MR. SPICER proposes to transport the mail, &c. between any two given points by the following arrangements: Tubes (of wood or metal) of uniform bore, are to be placed horizontally, and in a direct line between the two points; within these tubes the mail is to be moved. To effect this motion, the mail is to be attached to an air-tight plug, moved by condensing the air upon one side of the plug, and rarifying it upon the op • Annales des Mines, vol. ii. D'Aubuisson sur les Machines Soufflantes à Piston. † D'Aubuisson, sur la Resistance de l'Air dans les tuyaux de Conduite. Annales des Mines, 2d series, vol. iii. 1828. 288 A further difference is to be found in his use of the compression of air, as well as of its exhaustion. shows the effect at the end of this tube in terms of the other. to 20 240 287.2 317.2 660 7,920 118.1 148.1 We see by the table just given, that in a tube of only one-eighth of a mile in length, about five-tenths of the power applied is consumed in overcoming the resistance to the motion of air through the tube; that at a distance of half a mile seventy-three per cent. of the power applied is expended in the same way, and that at two and a half miles there remains as an effective propelling force, but fifteen per cent. of the whole power applied. Exhibiting a consumption of power which puts out of the question the adoption of such a plan. By similar means, the effect of exhaustion at the opposite end of the tube might be calculated, and since the same sources of resistance exist in this case as in the other, the conclusion can but be of a similar kind. The foregoing table shows, that in a tube of twenty feet in length, the resistance would be altogether inconsiderable, and hence, in the model of Mr. Spicer, eighteen feet long, notwithstanding its small diameter, he was not enabled to detect any resistance which would have led to an abandonment of his plan. The committee can but regret that expenses should have been incurred by Mr. Spicer, in bringing his invention before the public, which they understand he is ill able to af ford. This ERIE, (Pa.) April 19. NAVIGATION.-The navigation of the lake above this place, is not yet entirely open and unobstructed. The Mary of Milan, a schooner, loaded for Detroit, left this port several days ago, and made her way safely up the lake-no other vessels have as yet left this port. The lake is apparently pretty full of ice in every direction. The Enterprize, Capt. Miles, came down as far as Conneaut on Tuesday, and landed her passengers, who came on from there by land. It is very late for this port to be obstructed by ice. It is probable that it will be several weeks before vessels will be able to leave Buffalo.Gaz. FISH.-Lake Erie has disclosed during the past winter and spring, a new source of amusement and profit A fish hitherto unto the disciples of Isaac Walton. known, or nearly so, among us, has been taken, this season, in quantities truly astonishing, near the mouth of our harbor. They are of one kind only, and vary from 7 or 8 to thirty pounds in weight. They have been caught by set lines through the ice. They have been called trout, though with what authority we know not. They are a darker colour than the shad-have scales, exceedingly small; and are marked on either side of the body, their whole length, with a seam resembling a scar. The stranger, whatever his cognomen, is of delicious flavor, as most of our population can testify. By data furnished us by the fishermen, we find they have taken no less than 17,547 lbs. of the new comers, the past winter.-Buffalo Journal. Baptized last year Total in the State 10 132 89 461 7,614 The committee have hitherto considered this subject without reference to the question of its novelty, because they wished that the question of theory might be fairly We have received the extraordinary report of the mamet, and because they believe the idea to be original jority of the Committee on the Bank of the United with Mr. Spicer, and therefore the credit of whatever States; which, with the other expected reports on the ingenuity may be perceived in it, to be his due. In justice, however, to themselves and to the public, they same subject, will be published in our future numbers. must state that a patent was taken out in England in 1824, for a project in some sort similar to this. Our present number contains several interesting repatent, which bears date February 19, 1824, was grant-ports which have not yet been published here. ed to John Vallance, of Brighton, "for producing locomotion by stationary engines." The design of the HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. patentee was as follows: An air tight tunnel, of about A stated Meeting of the Historical Society of Penneleven feet in diameter was to be provided, within which, upon a rail-way, carriages for the transportation sylvania, will be held on Monday evening, at half past goods and passengers, were to move: these carriages 7 o'clock, (7th instant,) at the Society's Chamber in the were to be attached to a shield fitting air-tight within Philosophical Hall, over the Athenæum. the tunnel, and motion to be communicated to the shield by exhausting the air in front of it by an engine stationed at the end of the tunnel towards which the shield was to be moved; the pressure of the atmosphere upon the opposite side of the shield, would thus be the propelling force. J. R. TYSON, Secretary. Printed every SATURDAY MORNING by WILLIAM F. GED DES, No. 9 Library Street, Philadelphia; where, and at the PUBLICATION OFFICE, IN FRANKLIN PLACE, second door back of the Post Office,(front room) subscriptions will be thankfully reThe plan of Mr. Spicer differs from this in being up-ceived. Price FIVE DOLLARS per annum, payable annually on a much smaller scale, and for a more limited object, by subscribers residing in or near the city, or where there is a¤ which is decidedly in its favour when compared with agent. Other subscribers pay in advance. HAZARD'S REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA. DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE. VOL: IX.-NO. 19. EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD. PHILADELPHIA, MAY 12, 1832. NO. 228. On the first ground, the president of the bank refers us to a statement marked G, and says it will "explain the only cases to which this description might be con sidered applicable, two of them being cases in which ed, and in regard to the third, no application has been the board repaid the amount considered over chargmade for any change in the form of the originał loan." UNITED STATES BANK. TWENTY-SECOND CONGRESS-FIRST SESSION. House of Representatives, March 14, 1832. Resolved, That a select committee be appointed to inspect the books, and to examine into the proceedings of the Bank of the U. States, to report thereon, and to re-See said statement marked No. 1. port whether the provisions of its charter have been violated or not; that the said committee have leave to meet in the city of Philadelphia, and shall make their final report on, or before the twenty-first day of April next; that they shall have power to send for persons and papers, and to employ the requisite clerks, the expense of which shall be audited and allowed by the Committee of Accounts, and paid out of the contingent fund of the House. REPORT OF THE MAJORITY. ses of disguised loans, and domestic bills of exchange, To a question asked the president, whether any cahad come to the knowledge of the parent bank, in which the branches had received usurer's interest? He replied that he never heard of any, but made a further statement, marked No. 2, in which he states that the usual custom is to charge upon domestic bills of exchange, the rate of interest and the rate of exchange, and if the sums united should exceed six per cent. it is not usury, and gives an explanation in said statement. On the second ground, the committee will submit document Number 3, and its inclosures, in which the cause and origin of branch drafts will be fully seen. The president states the "inability of the bank to furnish the amount of circulating medium, which it was created to supply, became apparent at an early period. In obedience to the foregoing resolution, the commit-In a year after its organization, the directors presented tee appointed under the same, proceeded to the city of Philadelphia, and commenced the inspection of the books, and the examination of the proceedings of the bank on the 23d of March last; and, after the most attentive and laborious investigation which their limited time would allow, the majority have prepared the following report, which they beg leave to submit to the House of Representatives. Mr. Clayton, on behalf of the majority of the Committee appointed on the 14th March, 1832, to inspect the books, and examine into the proceedings of the Bank of the United States, made the following report: They believed, that, as the House wished information more for the purpose of enlightening their minds, and assisting their judgments as to the expediency of again renewing its charter, than to abridge it of the small remnant of time left for its operation, a liberal construction of the resolution would not be deemed a departure from their trust; consequently they have directed their inquiries to two general objects. 1st. Whether the provisions of the charter had been violated. 2d. Whether there have been any circumstances of mismanagement against which future legislation might guard, or which should destroy its claims to further confidence. On the first point, following the example of a former committee, making a similar investigation, without expressing any opinion on such cases as have been subjects of imputation against the bank. These cases they conceive to be six in number, and are as follows: 1st. In relation to usury. 2d. In relation to the issuing of branch orders, as a circulation. 3d. The selling coin, and particularly American coin. 4th. The sale of stock obtained from Government under special acts of Congress. 5th. Making donations for roads and canals, and other objects. 6th. Building houses to rent or sell, and erecting other structures in aid of that object. 37 VOL. IX. a memorial to congress, dated 9th January, 1818, requesting that an alteration might be made in the charter, so as to authorize the president and cashiers of the several branches, to sign the notes issued by those branches." See copy of the memorial marked 3 A, in which it is stated "that, inasmuch as the 'act to incorporate the subscribers to the Bank of the United States,' requires that the bills or notes which may be issued by order of the said corporation, shall be signed by the president, and countersigned by the principal cashier, it has been found impracticable to supply, in any reasonable degree, the required circulation from the bank and its numerous offices of discount and deposite," it is therefore asked of Congress to permit the presidents and cashiers of branch banks to sign and issue bills. The application was not granted. The president states "the subject was resumed by another memorial, dated, November 24th, 1820. See copy of the memorial marked 3, 6, in which it is stated, "under the charter it has been doubted whether the bank has power to authorize the issuing of notes not signed by the president, and countersigned by the cashier. The labor and the time necessary to sign notes for the bank and all its branches, are much greater than either of those officers can bestow upon that object; and hence the bank has been unable to put in circulation a sufficient amount of notes of the smaller denominations, which the public most want, and which are best calculated to serve the interest of the bank." It then requests that power be given to the parent bank to appoint one or more persons to sign notes of the smaller denomination, which was not acted upon. The president states, the "application was again renewed, and a select committee of the House of Representatives, reported in favor of allowing the appointment of signers, on the 27th of February, 1823; but there was no action of the House upon it." And he refers us to "pamphlet, vol. iii. No. 11. On the 1st of December, 1826, the president was in structed to endeavor to procure the necessary change. He says, "he reported on the 27th of February, 1827, that no action on the subject would take place at that session of Congress, and, accordingly, the matter was referred to the committee on offices.' See Doc. 3. c. He adds, "the opinion of Mr. Binney, Mr. Webster, and Mr. Wirt, the Attorney General, was taken on the subject of issuing branch drafts." See Doc. 3. c. On the 6th of April, 1827, the following communication was made to the board of directors: "The committee on the offices, to whom was referred, on the 23d of Feb. last, the report of the president of the bank, stating the unsuccessful result of the application to Congress for an alteration of the charter, which would authorize the signature of notes by other persons than the president and cashier, report, that in various part of the Union, but more especially in the southern and western sections, there is a constant and unceasing demand at the offices for the smaller denominations of notes, which it is impossible to supply." They there. fore suggest that the "discount offices should be instructed to draw checks on the cashier of the bank for smaller sums than they have hitherto been in the habit of furnishing. In order to save the labor of preparing such checks at the offices, as well for the greater security of the bank and the community, it has been deemed best to prepare the blank forms of uniform appearance, and to distribute them from the parent bank. Such forms have been accordingly revised, and are now submitted to the board with the recommendation of the committee, that the experiment be tried, and, if found useful to the community, be permanently adopted." See Doc. 3. c. The document marked 4, D, is a correspondence between the president of the bank and the secretary of the treasury, on the character of these bank drafts, which has already been printed and submitted to Congress. The paper marked 5, E, contains instructions to the branch bank as to the issue of branch orders. On the 21st of April, 1827, the cashier of the parent bank writes a circular to the respective branches, informing them, among other things, that the directors have deemed it best that blank forms of an uniform appearance should be prepared with skill and care at the parent bank, and thence distributed to such of the southern and western offices as seem to stand most in need of them, or to be able best to employ them usefully. Enclosed I send you a specimen of the 5 and $10 blank drafts adopted. After being numbered, registered, and appropriated here to certain offices, a suply of them will be forwarded as soon as possible, with instructions to the cashier of each office to have every four hundred drafts in succession, and as they may be wanted,filled in the order of some one officer of the branch, by whom they must be endorsed lengthwise, and about the middle of the draft, payable to bearer before they be signed by the president and casher. When completed, they are to be furnished to the customers of the bank, or other persons who may wish to procure them. The entries respecting them, both here and at the branches, are intended for convenience sake, to be analogous to those of branch notes. Their receipt under the denomination of branch drafts, is to be similarly acknowledged by the cashier, and in duplicate through the respective presidents. They are besides to be reported on the weekly state of the office, as branch draft paper received, used, and on hand. And whenever they may be transiter between the offices, must be so noticed at the foot of the statement, like other packages." On the 7th of January, 1831, a resolution passed the board to issue drafts of the denomination of twenty dollars. These branch orders, when discharged by the parent bank, are re-issued by that bank when it has no small notes of its own. The paper marked 6 F, contains a statement of the amount of branch drafts issued, on hand, in circulation, and the offices from whence issued. By this table it will be perceived that $10,781,635 have been issued; $3,371,544 are on hand; and $7,410,090, are in circulation. The foregoing is a succinct history of the issue of branch drafts. Whether it can be justified under the charter of the bank, the committee will leave to the better judgment of Congress. The third case is the selling coin, and particularly American coin. The attention of the committee was drawn to this subject by the fact that the General Government had, on one occasion, to pay the bank two per cent. on ten thousand Spanish dollars, which it wanted for the benefit of the navy in South America. To an interrogatory put to the President on this subject, he replied, "the bank is authorized to deal in bullion. It buys and sells bullion. All foreign coins are bullion. Their being a legal tender does not make them the less bullion, and the bank having bought them at a premium, sells them at a premium. The obligation of the bank is, to pay the claims on it in coin, American coin, or legalized coin; and if the foreign coin is worth intrinsical. ly, or commercially, more than the American coin, the difference in value must be worth the difference in specie, and there seems no reason why the bank should sell its bullion any more than its bills of exchange, at less than their value." He then refers the committee to a correspondence, marked No. 4. Although the bank acted under legal advice, it may be well questioned whether foreign coin is bullion. The Constitution gives to Congress the right to regulate its own and foreign coin; when, therefore, the latter has a value prefixed to it by law, and is suffered to be used, with that regulated value, in like manner with our own coin, it would seem not to have lost the name and character of coin, and is made by force of law what it would be, if carried through the mint and subjected to the condition of our own coin; and, therefore, to deal in it as a commodity, is calculated to disturb its legal value, and render at least that portion of the metallic currency uncertain and fluctuating. If, however, the committee have taken a wrong view of this subject, so far as foreign coin is concerned, it seems by the statement of the President of the Bank, to be virtually admitted that our own coin is not bullion, and therefore does not come within the objects of trade allowed to the Bank by the ninth fundamental rule of the charter. By reference to the statement of specie sold by the Bank, marked No. 24, it will be found that the sum of $84,734 44 of American gold coin has been parted with. The fourth case is, selling stock obtained from Government under special acts of Congress. They have thought it their duty to present the subject to the consideration of Congress. It is necessary here to observe, that the charter must have intended some meaning in prohibiting the bank from dealing in stocks. There is, perhaps, no subject so fruitful in speculations as stocks, and none which is so fluctuating and liable to be influenced by the slight est causes, often producing ruin or immense fortunes in the most sudden manner. To prevent such a great moneyed institution, then, as the Bank, from dealing in this article, which its vast means could raise or depress at pleasure, seems to have been a wise provision in the charter. The right of the bank to acquire or sell stocks, is a special one; it must be done by virtue of a law of Congress. The charter itself provided that a part of its capital might be paid in the stock of the Govern ment, and such stock, particularly, might be disposed of. But the committee suggest whether this will apply to other stocks obtained by virtue of a subsequent law of Congress, unless that law specially confers the power to dispose of it. In two important loans obtain ed from the Government since the charter was granted, the Bank has parted with a valuable stock: and these cases will illustrate the point now submitted to Con |