and Current retail prices, January, 1915. Special article on Ethics of emigration (reprinted from Nineteenth Century Magazine).

March, 1915.-Labor. Conditions of employment and trade. Women's employment branches (reports). Unions' reports. Recent legal decisions. Shops and Offices Act. Cases under Workers' Compensation Act. Statistics: Persons assisted to employment during February, 1915; Cooperative works in New Zealand; Accidents in factories reported up to February, 1915; Accidents reported under the Scaffolding Inspection Act; Additional unions registered under the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1908; Current retail prices, February 27, 1915; and Average weekly rent. Special article on Emigration and State aid (reprinted from Fortnightly Review).

April, 1915.-Labor. Conditions of employment and trade. Women's employ ment branches (reports). Unions' reports. Recent legal decisions. Judgment of the court of arbitration re hearing of industrial disputes. Wages Protection and Contractors' Liens Act, 1908. Shops and Offices Act. Statistics: Persons assisted to employment during March, 1915; Cooperative works in New Zealand; Accidents in factories reported up to March 25, 1915; Accidents reported under the Scaffolding Inspection Act; Additional unions registered under the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1908; Additional union canceled under the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1908; and Current retail prices, March 31, 1915. Special articles on Teaching agriculture to families as a relief for unemployment and congestion of population; Labor and the war (reprinted from Contemporary Review).

Norway. Sociale Meddelelser utgit av Socialavdelingen under Departementet for Sociale Saker, Handel, Industri og Fiskeri. Christiania.

No. 2-3, 1915.-A monograph containing the second report of the State unemploy ment committee, the first report of which appeared in No. 5 of 1914.

Spain.-Boletin del Instituto de Reformas Sociales, Publicacion Mensual. Madrid. January, 1915.-Report of the secretary's office and of the special divisions. Summary of reports submitted by the labor inspectors concerning the effects of the var upon Spanish industries. Reports of conventions and congresses. Current legisla tion, bills, decrees, etc. Strikes and lockouts in France and England. Swiss Federal law on the inspection of factories, June 29, 1914.

February, 1915.-Report of the secretary's office and of the special divisions. Summary of reports submitted by the labor inspectors concerning the effects of the war upon Spanish industries. Strike statistics. Cost of living among workmen. Conventions and congresses. Current legislation, bills, decrees, etc. Strikes and lockouts in Canada, England, and Italy. Portugal: Law of January 22, 1915, regulating hours of work of employees in commercial establishments; Law of January 22, 1915, regulating hours of work in industrial establishments; Law of January 22, 1915, amendment relating to employment of minors and women in industrial establishments.

March, 1915.-Report of the secretary's office and of the special divisions. Summary of reports submitted by the labor inspectors concerning the effects of the war upon Spanish industries. Strike statistics. Cost of living among workmen. Conventions and congresses relating to home work, cooperative associations for cheap dwellings, etc. Current legislation, bills, decrees, etc.: Law regarding day nurseries for children of mulberry workers, etc. Court decisions affecting labor: Compensation to widow for death of husband caused by industrial accident. Reports from foreign countries: Strikes and lockouts in France, England, and Italy; Labor conditions in Germany and Austria.

April, 1915.-Report of the secretary's office and of the special divisions. Summary of reports submitted by the labor inspectors concerning the effects of the war upon Spanish industries. Strike statistics. Cost of living of workmen. Conventions and congresses: Laber organizations; Old-age pensions. Current legislation, bills, decrees, etc. Reports from foreign countries. Special measures taken in foreign countries for

the conservation of the food supply and measures relating to labor. Strikes and lockouts in Canada and Great Britian.

May, 1915.-Proposed law regulating hours of labor in the textile industry as drafted and approved by the Institute for Social Reform. Reports of the secretary's office and of the special divisions. Accident statistics, 1913. Summary of reports submitted by the labor inspectors concerning the effects of the war upon Spanish industries. Strike statistics. Cost of living of workmen. Conventions and congresses: Old-age pensions. Current legislation, bills, decrees, etc.: Royal order fixing the maximum income for those who would benefit by legislation relating to low-cost dwelling in certain Provinces. Reports from foreign countries: Strikes and lockouts in Austria.

Sweden. Socialstyrelsen, Sociala Meddelanden. Stockholm.

No. 1, 1915.-Investigation on unemployment among tobacco workers, September 9 to November 30, 1914. Organization of accident reporting. Foreign countries and the war (Finland). Organization among employers and workmen in Germany, 1911. British land reform law. Report of the State insurance institute, 1913. Decree on the application of the law for the protection of labor. Brief notices. Public employment offices in Sweden, 1902-1912. Public employment offices in Sweden, December, 1914. Review of detail prices in Sweden during the last quarter of the year 1914. Cost of living in Sweden, 1904 to December, 1914. Cost of living in Sweden, by cities, for last quarter of the year 1914. Fish prices in Stockholm, December, 1913, to December, 1914. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, 1904 to December, 1914. Prices of farm animals in Sweden during the last quarter of 1914. Reports from the royal pension bureau.

No. 2, 1915.-State and municipal measures pending the war. The labor market during the fourth quarter of 1914, according to employers' reports. Unemployment among labor organizations October 1, November 1, December 1, 1914. Bill concerning the sale of alcohol, wine, etc. Bill amending the law on the early closing of shops. Poor relief convention between Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Cost of living in Stockholm, 1904-1914. Proposed law on invalidity and old-age insurance in Denmark. Measures taken by the bureau of labor (Socialstyrelsen) for hastening registration under the law of July 4, 1910 (sick benefit funds). Labor disputes in Sweden, 1914. Activities of the factory inspectors, October to December, 1914. Reports from the factory inspectors on industrial accidents. Registration under the new sick benefit law (fourth quarter, 1914). Brief notices. Public employment offices in Sweden, January, 1915. Review of retail prices in Sweden, January, 1915. Cost of living in Sweden, 1904 to January, 1915. Cost of living in Sweden, by cities, January, 1915. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, 1904 to January, 1915. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, November, 1914, to January, 1915. Fish prices in Stockholm, January, 1914, to January, 1915.

No. 3, 1915.-State and municipal measures pending the war. Decree on the milling of rye meal. Foreign countries and the war (Denmark, Germany, Holland, Switzerland). Building and housing conditions according to the censuses of 1912 and 1914. Public employment offices in Sweden in 1914. Activities of the factory inspectors, 1913. State subsidies to lecture courses for workmen. Savings bank statistics, 1913. Reports of the factory inspectors on fatal industrial accidents. Brief notices. Public employment offices in Sweden, February, 1915. Review of retail prices in Sweden, February, 1915. Cost of living in Sweden, 1904 to February, 1915. Cost of living in Sweden, by cities, February, 1915. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, 1904 to February, 1915. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, December, 1914, to February, 1915. Fish prices in Stockholm. Reports from the royal pension bureau.

No. 4, 1915.-State and municipal measures pending the war. Seamen in Sweden. Wages and conditions of labor among agricultural workers, by districts and by typical estates. Safety measures. Private control of the sale of liquor. Accidents resulting from high-tension currents, 1913. Proposed law of Norway on home labor. Pro

posed law of Denmark on accident insurance. Retail prices in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Reports of the factory inspectors on fatal industrial accidents. Registration under the new sick-benefit law (first quarter of 1915). Brief notices. Public employment offices in Sweden, March, 1915. Review of retail prices in Sweden (first quarter of 1915). Cost of living in Sweden, 1904 to March, 1915. Cost of living in Sweden, by cities, first quarter of 1915. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, 1904 to March, 1915. Prices of farm animals in Sweden, first quarter of 1915. Fish prices in Stockholm, March, 1914, to March, 1915.

The Netherlands.-Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Maandschrift. The Hague. January, 1915.-Some social and economic statistics, 1914. Review of the labor market, 1914; fourth quarter, 1914. Review of the labor market (fishing), January, 1915. Employment offices, December, 1914. Unemployment and unemployment insurance, December, 1914. Strikes and lockouts, December, 1914. Provisional summary of strikes and lockouts commenced in 1914. Wholesale and retail prices, 1914. Miscellaneous information. Foreign countries: Review of the labor market; Employment offices; Strikes and lockouts; Miscellaneous information. Statistical tables: Employment, December, 1914; Wholesale prices, 1914; Retail prices, 1914; Building and housing inspection, 1914; Factory licenses, 1914; Number and occurrence of industrial diseases, 1914; Inspections by the factory inspectors, JanuaryJuly, 1914; State finances, 1914. Laws and official documents.

February, 1915.-Review of the labor market, January, 1915; (fishing) February, 1915. Employment offices, January, 1914 and 1915. Unemployment and unemployment insurance, January, 1915. Strikes and lockouts, January, 1915. Strikes and lockouts in the Netherlands, 1913. Miscellaneous information. International: War measures in foreign countries (Austria); Savings banks; Coal industry, 1911-1913. Foreign countries: Review of the labor market; Employment offices; Strikes and lockouts; Miscellaneous information. Statistical tables: Employment offices, Janu ary, 1914 and 1915; Factory licenses, January, 1915; Building and housing inspection, January, 1915; Number and occurrence of industrial diseases, January, 1915; State finances, January, 1915. Laws and official documents. Appendix, containing a report on minimum wages of adult workers and the maximum hours of labor upon public works and public contract by municipalities and by the provincial governments.

March, 1915.-Review of the labor market, February, 1915; (harbors and fishing) March, 1915. Employment offices, February, 1915. Unemployment and unemploy ment insurance, February, 1915. Strikes and lockouts, February, 1915. Wholesale and retail prices: Public contract prices. Miscellaneous information. International: War prices in certain foreign countries. Foreign countries: Review of the labor market; Employment offices; Strikes and lockouts; Miscellaneous information. Statistical tables: Employment, February, 1915; Employment offices, 1914; Grain prices; Public contract prices; Building and housing inspection, February, 1915; Factory licenses, February, 1915; Number and occurrence of industrial diseases, February, 1915; State finances, February, 1915. Laws and official documents.

April, 1915.-Review of the labor market, first quarter, 1915; (fishing) April, 1915. Employment offices, March, 1915. Unemployment and unemployment insurance, March, 1914 and 1915. Strikes and lockouts, March, 1915. Wholesale and retail prices. Miscellaneous information. International: War measures in foreign countries (Italy, Norway, Austria, Sweden, Russia). Foreign countries: Review of the labor market; Employment offices; Strikes and lockouts; Wholesale and retail prices; Miscellaneous information. Statistical tables: Employment, March, 1915; Unemployment and unemployment insurance, 1914; Wholesale and retail prices; Building and housing inspection, March, 1915; Factory licenses, March, 1915; Number and occur. rence of industrial diseases, March, 1915; State finances, March, 1915. Laws and official documents.

EFFECT OF MINIMUM-WAGE DETERMINATIONS IN OREGON. To ascertain the effect of the Oregon minimum-wage determinations the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics has recently made a comparison of records of 40 department, dry goods, 5-and-10-cent, specialty, and neighborhood stores for the two spring months, March and April, in 1913, and for the same period in 1914-periods ending five months before and beginning five months after the date on which the first minimum-wage determinations went into effect, and at the same time nearly one month after the date on which the last retailstore determinations took effect. The results of this study are presented in Bulletin No. 176 of the bureau. The number of women under and the number over 18 years, with and without one year of experience in each occupation, was taken for both periods, together with each woman's rate of pay, the hours she worked, the amount of her actual earnings, and, if selling, the amount of her sales in both years. Data for men were taken for the same periods in 1913 and 1914 as to the number employed, the total earnings, and the total sales. The record covered 1,930 women and girls and 974 men before and 1,642 women and girls and 902 men after the determinations went into effect. All data were copied from store books by the bureau's agents. In addition, 443 women were personally visited and a record of their age and experience and their places of employment, occupations, rates of pay, earnings, and hours of work before and after the wage determinations was obtained.

ΑΠ

The determinations in Oregon, fixed by the Oregon Industrial Commission, classify female employees in retail stores as girls under 18 years, inexperienced adult women 18 years of age and over with experience of not more than one year in an occupation, and experienced adult women 18 years of age and over having more than one year of experience in an occupation. Any change in the character of service rendered constitutes a change in occupation, and therefore the beginning of a new apprenticeship year. All girls under 18

and inexperienced adult women in retail stores in the State of Oregon must receive a minimum weekly rate of pay of $6; all experienced adult women must receive $8.25, save in Portland, where they must be paid at the minimum rate of $9.25 per week. These awards became operative on different dates, beginning on October 4, 1913, with an award fixing a minimum of $1 a day for girls under 18, followed on November 23 by one fixing a minimum of $9.25 a week for experienced adult women in Portland, and finally by two awards on February 7, 1914, fixing a minimum for experienced adult women outside of Portland of $8.25 a week, and for inexperienced adult women throughout the State a minimum of $6 a week.

In studying the effect of the fixing of minimum wage rates, it is necessary to bear in mind the fact that regardless of minimum-wage determinations there are constant changes in business organization from year to year which have a material bearing upon the opportunities and conditions of employment. New departments are added from time to time, successful departments are expanded, and other departments which have failed to secure the public recognition expected are curtailed and sometimes eliminated. All such rearrangements involve additions to, transfers, or reductions in the labor force. These adjustments are of common occurrence. Any study from which such normal changes were eliminated in the effort to single out the effects of the minimum-wage legislation would defeat its own purpose.

The general business depression of 1914 was felt by Portland mercantile establishments and complicated the problem of determining the effect of the minimum wage. A depression in business automatically reduces the numbers employed. It is therefore important to guard against confusing the effects of depressed business with the effects of minimum-wage determinations. Conditions in Oregon were further complicated because a reduction of legal working hours and a 6 p. m. closing regulation took effect at the same time as the wage orders.

Notwithstanding all the difficulties and complications, a number of conclusions can be drawn concerning changes in conditions of labor after the minimum-wage determinations.

Certain readjustments occurred in Portland stores such as might be expected even in a normal business year. The establishment of new departments and the elimination of other departments requiring different grades of labor brought about the employment of some women and the dismissal of others. A policy of charging for alteration of garments, inaugurated in 1914 by the Portland Retail Merchants' Association, decreased the demand for alterations, thereby necessitating a reduction in the number of women employed in the workroom, a department paying relatively high wages.