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WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED

STATES.

The chart following is an attempt to show in summary, comparable form the principal features of the laws included under the above title. The form of the chart varies slightly from that heretofore followed by the bureau, in that the system of compensation provided for, i. e., whether simple compensation or also requiring insurance in connection. therewith, and also whether elective or compulsory, is indicated by the grouping of the States instead of by using a separate column with heading. As will be observed, several of the compensation laws and one of the insurance laws that are elective or optional in their application to private employments are compulsory as to the State and its municipalities. Of the 31 States and 2 Territories having compensations laws, all but Alaska, Arizona, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, and West Virginia include public employees within their scope; while the Canal Zone order and the Federal statute relate, the former principally and the latter exclusively, to public employees. The question of election by employers and employees, or their expression of choice to accept or reject the act, is placed on the footing of either a passive acceptance by one or both parties, or of an expressed choice on the part of the employer, with presumption of the employee's acceptance or an inference to that effect from his act in continuing in service.

The headings used in the chart are believed to be self-explanatory. It may be said, however, that under the term "Special contracts" notice was taken of provisions as to waivers, substitutes, or restrictive contracts. Of necessity only general provisions are here shown, qualifications and exceptions not being in place in this attempt to show in comparable form the chief aspects of this class of legislation, for the details of which recourse may be had to Bulletin No. 126, giving text and discussion of laws up to January 1, 1914, and to a forthcoming bulletin of this bureau, which will bring the laws on this subject up to date.

The groups of States having compensation and insurance laws, elective and compulsory, are as follows:

Compensation, elective.-Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin.

Compensation, compulsory.-Arizona, California, Canal Zone, Hawaii, Maryland, New York, Oklahoma, United States.

Insurance, elective.-Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, West Virginia.

Insurance, compulsory.-Ohio, Washington, Wyoming.

RETAIL PRICES OF FOOD IN THE UNITED STATES.

Actual retail prices of 19 principal articles of food in each of 45 important industrial cities throughout the United States are regularly reported by this bureau. So far as available the figures for the current year show a decline of 4 per cent in prices from January to June, and lower prices in each month, excepting January, than for the year 1914. The relative retail prices of 17 articles of food, and of all articles combined, in June of each year, 1911 to 1915, as compared with average prices for the year 1914, are given herewith. The aggregate of actual prices of each commodity for the year 1914. is taken as the base, or 100, and prices in June of each commodity for each of the years 1911 to 1915 are shown as changes from that base.

RELATIVE RETAIL PRICES OF FOOD IN JUNE EACH YEAR, 1911 TO 1915.

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While the price of all articles combined and weighted according to the average consumption in workingmen's families was 9 per cent higher in June, 1912, than in June, 1911, the advance in price from June, 1912, to June, 1915, was very slight, but 1 per cent, and there was no change from June, 1914, to June, 1915. For the articles taken separately, 11 declined in price from June, 1914, to June, 1915, but there was an advance so marked in flour and sugar as to offset the decline in other articles.

RETAIL PRICES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

CANADA.

The Canadian Labor Gazette for July, 1915, reports that the features of the month in the movement of retail prices were the advances in meats, lard, cheese, and eggs, while butter, flour, and potatoes

were lower. Milk and coal also declined to summer prices in several localities. Sugar fluctuated, while beans rose in price.

There follows a table showing retail prices of commodities in different cities in the Province of Ontario for June, 1915, as compared with June, 1914.

RETAIL PRICES OF COMMODITIES IN VARIOUS CITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA, JUNE, 1914 AND 1915.

[Source: The Labour Gazette, Department of Labor, Dominion of Canada, Ottawa, July, 1914 (pp. 112, 113); July, 1915 (pp. 105-107).]

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RETAIL PRICES OF COMMODITIES IN VARIOUS CITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA, JUNE, 1914 AND 1915-Concluded.

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Since the occurrence of the war the Danish Statistical Office has from time to time received reports of prices in certain localities through the local committees, organized under the act of August 7, 1914, for the regulation of prices of food products and other commodities. Returns from these committees for May and June of this year indicate a continual rise in the level of prices. Among the commodities in which this increase was particularly noticeable was potato flour, the normal price of which varies from 30 to 35 ore per kilogram (3.6 to 4.2 cents per pound); in April its average price rose to 57 ore per kilogram (6.9 cents per pound); in May to 63 ore per kilogram (7.7 cents per pound); and in June it had reached 69 ore per kilogram (8.4 cents per pound); the available supply of it in June was far below the average. Prices of sago and other flours and grains increased considerably. Brown beans, buckwheat, and certain other articles appear to be unobtainable at present. The average price of butter was about 2 ore per kilogram (0.24 cents per pound) higher in June than in May; in Copenhagen butter was 125 crowns per 50 kilograms (30.4 cents per pound), while a year prior it was 95 to 97 ore per kilogram (11.5 to 11.8 cents per pound). The increase in prices of meats is reported as very considerable, the increase between April and May being 10 per cent, and from May to June 12 per cent.

1 Statistiske Efterretninger udgivet af det Statistiske Departement, Copenhagen, June 30, 1915. (Vol. 7, No. 14.)

The price of coke rose considerably as between May and June, while coal prices showed no great variation.

The following table shows the prices of some of the more important commodities:

RETAIL PRICES OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES OF HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION IN DENMARK, AT INDICATED PERIODS IN 1914 AND 1915.

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The journal of the Finnish board of industry (Industristyrelsen) publishes regularly for each quarter, by months, a table of retail prices of 50 articles of ordinary consumption as reported from 21 cities or towns. The prices are shown as highest, lowest, and average for each city separately for each month of the quarter. The following table is taken from the most recently received issue of the journal mentioned, and indicates average retail prices of 37 more important commodities as reported for Helsingfors, the capital. Nine out of the 37 articles show a slight decrease in prices in March, 1915, as compared with March of the preceding year; while 27 on the other hand show a slight increase. No prices are reported for American pork during the period covered, indicating, perhaps, the shutting off of imports. The price of sugar has risen most noticeably, while meats

1 Arbetsstatistik Tidskrift utgiven af Industristyrelsen i Finland. Helsingfors, 1915, Vol. 9, No. 3. 4418°-15

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