lations of the Assembly or the Commission may determine to be members of the congregation for the purposes of the Act. Nothing in the Act is to affect the right of the Church to try the qualifications of persons appointed to vacancies; and the church courts have the right of final decision upon the appointment and settlement of ministers. Private patrons, i.e. all patrons except the Crown, burgh corporations, universities, or trustees constituted commissioners, officers, or persons acting in a public capacity, may, within six months from the passing of the Act (7th August 1874), present a petition to the Sheriff praying him to determine the compensation to be paid to the patron in respect of the operation of the Act. The compensation is to equal one year's stipend of the parish calculated on the average of what the minister has received out of the teinds of the parish during the three preceding years; or where the patron is a joint-patron, such proportion of a year's stipend, as the Sheriff shall deem just. The compensation is payable in four equal yearly instalments by the heritors out of the first four years' stipend payable to the new minister. The SheriffPrincipal's judgment is final, but the Sheriff-Substitute's decision may be reviewed by the Sheriff. If no appointment of a minister be made by the congregation within six months after the vacancy, the right of appointment falls to the presbytery tanquam jure devoluto. If before 1st July 1875, it shall appear to the presbytery that the number of communicants is less than twenty-five, no proceedings are to be taken for the appointment of a minister till after the above date, and the jus devolutum is not to come into operation until after the 1st September 1875, although more than six months may have elapsed since the vacancy. (To be concluded in next number.) Review. The Law and Practice of Affiliation. BY THOMAS WILLIAM SAUNDERS, Esq. Sixth Edition. London: Horace Cox, 1873. THAT this volume has reached its sixth edition is the best pledge of its estimated utility in the southern section of the United Kingdoms. It is a strange anomaly that whilst this most delicate and difficult department of Jurisprudence is strictly regulated in England by several Statutes, in Scotland it is left entirely to the principles and formula of common law. The jurisdiction in the South is conferred on the Justices, with appeal to Quarter Sessions, and with the wise provision (denied to us in Scotland) of leave to state a case for the opinion of the Superior Courts. The forms are all made statutory with great cheapness and much dispatch. With us the Justices still have a common law jurisdiction in this class of cases, but which wisely is now almost, if not altogether, in desuetude. The only statutory remedy in Scotland is where, by neglect of the parent, the child has become chargeable to a Poor Law Board. The claim of the mother is made and enforced in the Sheriff Court as an ordinary civil claim of debt. The process is tedious and expensive, and since the Evidence Act has unintentionally upset the ancient and well-adapted semiplena proof and oath in supplement, and admitted the oath (generally the perjury of the male defender), it has become most unsatisfactory. The law of England differs from ours in many particulars most materially, and the book under review will be found. a most important aid to Judges and practitioners in Scotland when dealing with the like class of cases, now so numerous. The Month. The Degree of Bachelor of Law (B.L.).—The following are the regulations made by the University Court of the University of Edinburgh for this new degree. The last six of the following sections are those enacted by the University Court, and recently sactioned by Her Majesty; but in order to understand these, it is necessary to quote the sections of the ordinance of the Universities Commission of 12th July 1862 relating to the degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) :— "I. No one shall hereafter be admitted as a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) . . . . unless he be a Graduate in Arts of one of the Universities of Scotland, or of England or Ireland, or a Graduate in Arts of a colonial or foreign University, whose degree may, for this purpose, have been specially recognised by the University Court. "II. The course of study in Law necessary for the degree of Bachelor of Laws shall extend over three academical years, and shall include attendance on a distinct course in each of the six following departments, viz. : 1. Civil Law, 2. Law of Scotland, 3. Conveyancing, 4. Public Law, 5. Constitutional Law and History, 6. Medical Jurisprudence, . During courses of not III. No one shall hereafter be admitted to examination as a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Laws until he has completed the course of study above prescribed; and no one shall be admitted as a candidate in any University unless two at least of the three Academical years of his course of study in Law shall have been in such University. "IV. Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Laws shall be examined, both in writing and viva voce, on each of the six departments of Law above specified. "V. Each candidate must satisfy the Examiners that he possesses a competent knowledge of Law in each of the said departments; and the Examiners shall further, in judging of the qualifications of candidates, have special regard to their acquirements in the two departments of Public Law and Constitutional Law and History. "VI. Except as hereinafter provided with regard to the University of Edinburgh, the Examiners for degrees in Law in each of the said Universities shall be six in number, and there shall always be one Examiner specially qualified for each one of the six departments above specified; and where the Professors in the Faculty of Law in any University do not furnish the requisite number of Examiners duly qualified, the number shall be made up by the appointment of additional Examiners by the University Court: Provided always, that no person shall be appointed an additional Examiner in any University unless he be a Professor in the Faculty of Law in a Scottish University, or shall have attained the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. "IX. Each candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Laws shall pay a fee of five guineas in respect of his examination for the degree." 66 6 XI. Besides the degrees in Law above specified, there shall in future be in the University of Edinburgh a second degree in Law granted after examination, namely, the degree of Bachelor of Law (B.L.). 'XII. No one shall be admitted to examination as a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Law in the University of Edinburgh, unless he be a Graduate in Arts, qualified as prescribed in section 1, or unless he shall have studied in one of the Universities therein mentioned, during at least one academical year, one or more of the subjects included in the course of study in the Faculty of Arts, and shall have passed a satisfactory examination in (1) Latin; (2) Greek, French, or German; and (3) any two of the following subjects, namely, Logic, Moral Philosophy, and Mathematics. The examinations shall be conducted by Examiners in Arts, together with some of the Law Examiners. "XIII. The course of study in Law necessary for the degree of Bachelor of Law in the University of Edinburgh shall extend over at least two academical years, and shall include attendance on a distinct course, as specified in sec. 2, in each of the first three of the departments therein mentioned, and in any one of the other three departments, and no one shall be admitted to examination as a candidate for the said degree, unless two academical years of his course of study in Law shall have been in the University of Edinburgh. "XIV. The examination for the said degree of Bachelor of Law in the University of Edinburgh shall be conducted at the same time, and in the same manner, as that for the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and the candidates shall be examined in each of the departments of Law on which they shall have given attendance, as above required. "XV. The Examiners for degrees in Law in the University of Edinburgh shall be the Professors in the Faculty of Law, together with two additional Examiners appointed by the University Court from among those who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. Each of such additional Examiners shall hold office for the term of three years. "XVI. The fee to be paid by each candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Law in the University of Edinburgh shall be the same, and the remuneration of the additional Examiners shall be fixed in the same manner, as is provided by secs. 9 and 8 with reference to examinations for the degree of Bachelor of Laws.'" Similar regulations, but with some variations in detail, have been made by the University Court of the University of Glasgow, and sanctioned by Her Majesty. Social Science Association.-The eighteenth Annual Congress of this Association will be held at Glasgow from 30th September till 7th October. The following is the list of office-bearers and of special subjects for discussion in the department of Jurisprudence and Amendment of the Law:-President-The Right Hon. Lord Moncreiff, Lord JusticeClerk of Scotland. Vice-Presidents-The Right Hon. Edward S. Gordon, M.P., Lord Advocate of Scotland; the Hon. Lord Gifford ; Sheriff Dickson, LL.D; Professor Berry, M.A.; Joseph Brown, Q.C.; Charles Clark, Q.C.; W. T. S. Daniel, Q.C.; Joseph Dodds, M.P.; W. Neilson Hancock, LL.D.; D. C. Heron, Q.C.; A. E. Miller, Q.C.; Adam Paterson, LL.D.; Professor Roberton, LL.D.; Sir Travers Twiss, Q.C., D.C.L., F.R.S.; Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L.; Thomas Webster, Q.C, F.R.S. This department embraces the Science of Jurisprudence and the Amendment of the Law, including the principles of Law and Legislation, Comparative Jurisprudence, International Law and Municipal Civil Law, and Criminal Law, together with the treatment of criminals, and questions connected with industrial and reformatory schools. INTERNATIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LAW SECTION. Committee-William Anderson; Professor Berry, M.A.; William Burns; Professor Edward Caird, M.A.; Sheriff Clark, Sheriff Galbraith, Sheriff Guthrie, John Knox, David M'Cowan, Andrew Macgeorge, Walter Mackenzie, Andrew Mitchell, John Naismith, William Wilson. SPECIAL QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION. 1. Is it desirable that the verdicts of jurors should be unanimous? 2. Should the testimony of any and what persons, at present excluded as witnesses, be admissible as evidence in courts of law? 3. How far may courts of arbitration be resorted to as a means of settling the disputes of nations? Secretary-H. N. Mozley. Local Secretaries-D. D. Balfour, Arthur Forbes. Colin D. Donald, jun., Corresponding Secretary. REPRESSION OF CRIME SECTION. Chairman-George Woodyatt Hastings, Esq. Vice-Presidentsthe Hon. Lord Ardmillan; the Hon. Lord Craighill; T. B. Lloyd Baker; Sheriff Barclay, of Perth; John Hill Burton, LL.D.; A. Rutherfurd Clark, Q.C., Dean of the Faculty of Advocates; Serjeant Cox; R. T. Middleton; H. B. Sheridan, M.P.; Mark J. Stewart, M.P. Committee James Campbell, jun., Sheriff Cowan, Wm. J. Davidson, A. A. Fergusson, James Hannan, Michael Honeyman, William Kidston, D. Marshall Lang, William Logan, Chief-Constable M'Call, John M'Clure, James Miller, Bailie Morrison, Sheriff Murray, Wm. Quarrier, Rev. W. C. Smith, D.D., John Innes Wright. SPECIAL QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION. 1. How far is it desirable that the Industrial Schools Act should be extended to day industrial feeding schools? 2. How far should previous convictions be taken into account in sentencing criminals? 3. Is it desirable to extend sentences of police supervision to other cases than those already provided for? Secretaries—Thos. W. C. Jones, Warner Wright. Local Secretaries-J. B. Kidston, E. S. Macharg. Michael Connal, Corresponding Secretary. The Lord Justice-Clerk's address will be delivered on the 1st of October. The Rights and Duties of Carriers as Warehousemen-Two questions of great interest to common carriers in general, and to railway companies in particular, arose in the late case of the The Great Northern Railway Company v. Swaffield, L. R., 9 Ex. 132; 30 L. T. Rep. N. S. 562. This was an appeal from a judgment of the Bedfordshire County Court. On the 5th of July 1872, Swaffield sent a horse directed to himself at Sandy Station, by the above company's railway, the fare being prepaid. The horse arrived at night, and there being no one at the station to receive it, it was sent to a neighbouring livery stable, as the plaintiffs had no stable accommodation on the spot. Soon after the defendant's servant demanded the horse. He was directed to the livery stable keeper, but declined to pay the charge demanded before delivery. Thereupon the horse was denied him. The charges were admitted to be reasonable. Next day defendant himself made the same demand, but he would not allow the station-master to pay the charges, refusing to recog nize the livery stable keeper in any way. The company afterward |