CHAPTER XIX.

INDIAN RESERVATIONS OF NORTH CAROLINA, OREGON, AND UTAH TERRITORY.

NORTH CAROLINA.

All the Indians formerly residing in the State have been removed to the west of the Mississippi with the exception of a few scattering Catawbas.

There is one reservation containing an aggregate area of 65,211 acres. This tract is held by deed. Total population, 4,000.

There is one agency, called the Eastern Cherokee, having charge of the reservation known as Qualla Boundary and other lands.

EASTERN CHEROKEE AGENCY.

[Post-office address: Charleston, Swain County, N. C.]

QUALLA BOUNDARY AND OTHER LANDS.

How established.-Held by deed to Indians under decision of United States circuit court for western district of North Carolina, entered at November term, 1874, confirming the award of Rufus Barringer and others, dated October 23, 1874, and act of Congress approved August 14, 1876,1 and deeds to Indians from Johnston and others, dated October 9, 1876, and August 14, 1880. (See also House Executive Document No. 196, Forty-seventh Congress, first session.)

Area and survey.-Contains 65,211 acres,2 of which 4,500 are classed as tillable. Out-boundaries surveyed."

Acres cultivated.-Two thousand acres cultivated by the Indians. Tribes and population.-The tribe living here is the Eastern band of North Carolina Cherokee. Total population, 4,000.

Location. The reservation is situated in Swain, Jackson, Cherokee, and Graham Counties.

No agency statistics reported for these Indians.

1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 139. 2 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1886, p. 389. 3 Ibid., p. 434.

587

Missionary work.-Baptists, Methodists, and Friends have the missionary work in charge."

For treaties in which these Indians took part, see Cherokee treaties, Indian Territory.

OREGON.

Organized as a Territory August 14, 1848,3 and admitted as a State February 14, 1859.1

The Indians residing here are the same as formerly, but the wars have been instrumental in changing their location as well as greatly reducing their numbers. The long contest between the British Trading Companies and the American settlers involved the Indians, and caused many of the disturbances incident to the early history of the State.

There are six reservations, containing an aggregate area of 2,075,560 acres. Indian population on reservation, 4,285; not on reservation, 200. Total Indian population, 5,085.

There are five agencies: The Grande Ronde Agency, having in charge Grande Ronde Reservation; the Klamath Agency, having in charge Klamath Reservation; the Siletz Agency, having in charge Siletz Reservation; the Umatilla Agency, having in charge Umatilla Reservation; and the Warm Springs Agency, having in charge Warm Springs Reservation.

Oregon donation act.-The donation act was passed for Oregon Territory September 27, 1850. The act provided for making surveys and donations of public lands in Oregon, and related to two classes of settlers. It granted to the first class of actual settlers of the public lands there, who were such prior to September 1, 1850, a donation of the quantity of a half section, or 320 acres, if a single man; and if married, the quantity of an entire section, or 640 acres, one half to the husband, and the other to the wife in her own right.

The first class of beneficiaries embraced white settlers or occupants, American halfbreed Indians included, above the age of eighteen years, who were citizens of the United States residing in that Territory, and those not being citizens who should make their declaration of intention to become such on or before December 1, 1851.5

1 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1886, p. xcvi. 2 Ibid., 1885, p. 161. States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 323. Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 383. Domain, 1883, p. 296.

3 United

The Public

GRANDE RONDE AGENCY.

[Post-office address: Grand Ronde, Polk County, Oregon.]

GRANDE RONDE RESERVATION.

How established.-By treaty of January 22, 1855, and December 21, 1855, and Executive order of June 30, 1857.

Area and survey.-Contains 61,440 acres, of which 10,000 are classed as tillable.

Surveyed.

Acres cultivated.-The Indians have under cultivation 1,430 acres. Tribes and population.—The tribes living here are the Kalapuaya, Klakama, Luckiamute, Molele, Neztucca, Rogue River, Santiam, Shasta, Tumwater, and Umpqua. Total population, 596.3

Location.-Situated in Polk County, in the western part of the State, at the headwaters of the Yam Hill River, and almost surrounded by the Coast Range. The soil is a heavy clay and requires much labor and care, but is adapted to cereals; vegetables are raised with difficulty. The elevation, being near the summit of the Coast Range, renders the climate cold.*

Government rations.-Five per cent. of these Indians subsisted by Government rations, as reported in 1886.5

Mills and Indian employés.-Saw and grist mill. Indian apprentices." Indian police.-Established.

Indian court of offences.-Established in 1882.

Treaty with the Rogue River Indians, made at Table Rock, near Rogue River, Oregon, September 10, 1853.

The tribe cedes the following tract:

Commencing at a point one mile below the mouth of Applegate Creek, on the south side of Rogue River; running thence southerly to the highlands dividing the waters 1 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1884, p. 314. 2 Ibid., 1886, p. 434. 3 Ibid., p. 404. 4 Ibid., 1863, p. 51.

Ibid., 1886, p. 420.

6 Ibid., 1869, p. 166.

7 The ratified treaties entered into by the tribes, portions of which are living on the Grande Ronde and Siletz Reservations, are here given, that the cessions of the Indians and the agreements by the Government may be clearly understood. Other tribes, remnants of which are on these reservations, have made important cessions by treaty, but their treaties have not been ratified; therefore no compensation has been rendered the people for the loss of their lands.

of Applegate Creek from those of Althouse Creek; thence along said highlands to the summit of the Siskiyou range of mountains; thence easterly to Pilot Rock; thence north-easterly to the summit of the Cascade Range; thence northerly along the Cascade Range to Pitt's Peak, continuing northerly to Rogue River; thence westerly to the headwaters of Jump-off-Jo Creek; thence down said creek to the intersection of the same with a line due north from the place of beginning; thence to the place of beginning.

Indians to occupy a portion of the ceded land, bounded as follows: Commencing on the north side of Rogue River at the mouth of Evan's Creek; thence up said creek to the upper end of a small prairie bearing in north-westerly direction from Table Mountain, or Upper Table Rock; thence through the gap to the south side of the cliff of the said mountain; thence in a line to Rogue River, striking the southern base of Lower Table Rock; thence down said river to the place of beginning. It being understood that this described tract of land shall be deemed and considered an Indian reserve, until a suitable selection shall be made by the direction of the President of the United States for their permanent residence, and buildings erected thereon and provision made for their removal. (Art. 2.)

The United States agrees to pay $60,000, $15,000 of which shall be retained by the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to pay for property of the whites destroyed by these Indians during the late war; $5,000 to be expended in the purchase of agricultural implements, blankets, etc., and for the payment of such permanent improvements as may have been made upon the ceded lands. The remaining $40,000 to be paid in sixteen annual instalments of $2,500 each, the money to be expended in blankets, clothing, farming implements, stock, etc. (Art. 3.)

The United States shall erect one dwelling-house for each of the three principal chiefs of the aforesaid tribe at a cost of $500 each. When the tribe is removed to another reservation, buildings and improvements shall be made by the Government equal in value to those which may be relinquished. Upon such removal the United States will pay the further sum of $15,000 in five equal instalments, commencing at the expiration of the aforenamed instalments. (Art. 4.)

Indians agree that all offenders shall be tried and punished agreeably to the laws of the United States, and the chiefs will exert themselves to recover stolen property, and deliver the same to the Indian agent to be restored to the proper owner. United States agrees to give the Indians full indemnification for horses or other property stolen by citizens of the United States. (Art. 6.)

Indians agree to give safe conduct to all persons passing through their reservation, and to protect the persons and property of Government officers among them, and also not to molest or interrupt persons so passing through the reservation. (Art. 5.) The President may at his discretion, with the advice of the Senate, change the annuities into a fund for establishing farms. (Art. 7.)

Treaty binding when ratified.

Treaty proclaimed August, 1854.1

Treaty with the Cow Creek band of Umpqua Indians, made at Cow Creek, Oregon, on

September 19, 1853.

A treaty made on Cow Creek, Umpqua Valley, in the Territory of Oregon, this 19th day of September, A. D. 1853, by and between Joel Palmer, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, on the part of the United States, and Quin-ti-oo-san, orBig head, principal chief, and My-n-e-letta, or Jackson, and Tom, son of Quin-ti-00-san, subordinate chiefs, on the part of the Cow Creek band of Umpqua tribe of Indians.

The Cow Creek band of Indians do hereby cede and relinquish, for the consideration hereinafter specified, to the United States, all their right, title, interest, and claim to all the lands lying in that part of the Territory of Oregon bounded by lines designated as follows, to wit:

United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 1015.

Commencing on the north bank of the south fork of Umpqua River, at the termination of the highlands dividing the waters of Myrtle Creek from those of Day's Creek; thence running easterly along the summit of said range to the headwaters of Day's Creek; thence southerly, crossing the Umpqua River, to the headwaters of Cow Creek; thence to the dividing ridge between Cow Creek and Grave Creek; thence south-westerly along the said divide to its junction with the ridge dividing the waters of Cow Creek from those of Rogue River; thence westerly and northerly around on said ridge to its connection with the spur terminating opposite the mouth of Myrtle Creek; thence along said spur to a point on the same north-west of the eastern line of Isaac Baily's land claim; thence south-east to Umpqua River; thence up said river to place of beginning. (Art. 1.)

It is agreed on the part of the United States that the aforesaid tribe shall be allowed to occupy temporarily that portion of the above-described tract of territory bounded as follows, to-wit: Commencing on the south side of Cow Creek, at the mouth of Council Creek, opposite William H. Riddle's land claim; thence up said creek to the summit of Cañon Mountain; thence westerly along said summit two miles; thence northerly to Cow Creek, at a point one the same one mile above the falls; thence down said creek to place of beginning. It being understood that this last-described tract of land shall be deemed and considered an Indian reserve, until a suitable selection shall be made by the direction of the President of the United States for their permanent residence, and buildings erected thereon and other improvements made of equal value of those upon the above reserve at the time of removal. (Art. 2.)

The sum of $12,000 as follows: One thousand dollars to be expended in goods and provisions, and the remainder in twenty annual instalments of $550 each, in goods, clothing, provisions, stock, and farming implements, as the President may deem best. (Art. 3.)

United States to erect "for the use of said tribe" two dwelling-houses at a cost not to exceed $200 each, fence and plow five acres of land, and furnish seed for the same. (Art. 4.)

Indians to give safe conduct to all persons passing through their reservation, and to protect personal property and agents of the United States and other officers. (Art. 5.) Indians not to take private revenge. Injured party to report to agent. Duty of chiefs to deliver up offenders to be punished according to laws of United States, and any person committing robbery or murder or other violence on any Indian belonging to said band shall be tried, and if guilty punished according to law. Chiefs to eudeavor to restore property stolen from citizens, delivering the same to authorized persons. United States guarantees full indemnification for any property stolen or taken by citizens of the United States upon sufficient proof. Chiefs agree upon requisition of President, superintendent, or Indian agent to deliver up any person resident among them. (Art. 6.)

Should it at any time hereafter be considered a proper policy to establish farms among said Indians, the President may with the consent of the Senate change the annuities herein provided into a fund for that purpose. (Art. 7.)

Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 8.)

Amended April 12, 1850; assented to October 31, 1854; proclaimed February 5, 1855.1

Treaty between the United States and the Rogue River Indians, made at Evan's Creek, Table Rock Reserve, Oregon, November 15, 1854.

By the treaty of November 15, 1854, the Rogue River Indians agreed to permit other tribes to occupy their reservation with them at Table Rock, but their annuities are not to be diminished or impaired thereby. The United States shall have the right to make such roads, highways, and railroads through the reservation as the public good requires, just compensation being made therefor. (Art. 1.)

United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 1027.