Moore, who lives at "Mooreland," in Carlisle, and is the owner of "Bonny Brook," one of the finest trout preserves in the State, is their son. James M. Weakley, Professor of Pleading in Dickinson Law School, and a State Senator, 1871-74, is a son of the third James Weakley. The first James, it is claimed, settled on the Yellow Breeches as early as 1725. The Craigheads of Craighead's, who recently held a family reunion on the homestead, are descended from John, a cousin of the Rev. Thomas Craighead. John was the father of the Rev. John Craighead, the celebrated pastor at Rocky Spring. William and Walter Denny, brothers, came from Chester County in 1745. Walter was a captain in Colonel Davis's battalion, and was killed in the affair at the Crooked Billet.1 One of his sons was with the company and was captured. Walter was the father of the Rev. David Denny, for thirty-eight years pastor of the Falling Spring Church.

Resuming our journey and passing westward along the high-road, we come to a large tract of land, four miles from Carlisle, owned by Archibald McAllister. He was the ancestor of the family of which the late Ward McAllister, the leader of the Four Hundred in New York city, was a scion. It has been claimed that he built the second mill west of the Susquehanna, on McAllister's Spring. His son Richard was the founder of McAllisters'-Town, now Hanover, in York County, and he was colonel of a battalion of York County Associators, which he carried to Amboy as part of the Flying Camp" in the summer of 1776. Another son, Archibald, was a captain in Colonel Hartley's regiment,

1 This is asserted in a memoir of Ebenezer Denny by William H. Denny, published by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania as an introduction to Ebenezer Denny's "Journal." The statement is questioned because Captain Walter Denny's name is retained in the roster of the Associated Battalions, May 14, 1778, and in the incomplete roster, May 11, 1779. As the affair at the Crooked Billet occurred May 1, 1778, it would have been easy to include his name two weeks later, through ignorance of his death. The roster of 1779 seems to be mere guesswork. John Jordan was captain of the company in 1780.

Pennsylvania Line; he acquired the estate that had belonged to Joseph Chambers, at Fort Hunter, and it is still in the possession of his descendants. The McAllister family is scattered all over the country.

Among "Archy" McAllister's neighbors we must visit Robert Dunning, who was lieutenant-colonel of Colonel Chambers's battalion in the Indian alarm of 1748, and his brother Ezekiel, sheriff, 1762-65. Robert was an Indian trader, and his trading-post, according to Cookson, was five miles from Big Spring. We shall also visit James McFarlane at the "old fort," as the stockade on this tract is called in his warrant, and, perhaps, look over his "New Farm" adjoining. The "old fort" was built long before the Indian wars, and descended to the Laughlins, who had settled on the site of Newville. One of the grandparents of the present generation of Laughlins was born in the "old fort." William McFarlane, a son of James, was a captain in Colonel Watts's battalion, "Flying Camp," and was captured at Fort Washington in 1776. On Mount Rock Spring is the farm. of John Davidson, which is still in possession of his descendants.

Before proceeding farther westward it is only proper that we should make a détour through Frankford Township to "ye Blue Mountains" to visit Thomas and Eleanor Butler, and their children, "the Fighting Butlers;" and also their neighbors, the Gibsons, scarcely less distinguished as soldiers. From the latter family came the eminent jurist, John Bannister Gibson.

It must have been at the mouth of Big Spring, and not at Newville, that Cookson designed to place the county-seat, if this locality was chosen instead of Le Tort's Spring. From here, instead of going up by the high-road, through the Barrens, to Shippensburg, we shall follow the Conodoguinet to Maclay's Mill. This region was prolific in Indian fighters and Revolutionary heroes. On the James Jack farm near Green Spring, in Newton Township, Fort Carnahan was built. It was the centre of a number of sanguinary

conflicts. On the opposite side of the Conodoguinet was the William Carnahan tract, and James Carnahan, a brother of William, bought lands on Green Spring. From William came the Rev. J. A. Carnahan, a pioneer preacher in the West, and from James the Rev. Dr. Carnahan, President of Princeton College. Robert Shannon, of Mifflin Township, was the ancestor of Wilson Shannon, of Ohio, Governor of Kansas. The Nicholsons on Whiskey Run, even at the time of our journey, were extensive slaveholders. This family was one of the first to be attacked by the Indians. While the men did the fighting the women moulded the bullets and loaded the guns. The Williamsons were another family in the neighborhood of Fort Carnahan associated with the Indian massacres, but the story is only traditional. Still other families in Mifflin and Hopewell Townships connected with Indian history were the Aigers and Bradys. Joe Aiger, sometimes identified as Captain Jack, the wild hunter of the Juniata, and Samuel Brady, the famous "Captain of the Spies" of the Revolutionary epoch, have both attributes that were borrowed by McHenry for his novel, "The Spectre of the Forest." We cannot stop to recount their romantic histories.

In Hopewell, near Newburg, we shall find David Magaw, one of the five commissioners to settle the bounds of the new county. He was the father of three distinguished sons, -Colonel Robert Magaw, in command at Fort Washington at the time of its capture, November 16, 1776; Dr. William Magaw, a practising physician at Mercersburg, and surgeon of Colonel Thompson's Battalion of Riflemen, in 1775; and the Rev. Dr. Samuel Magaw, one of the first graduates of the College of Philadelphia, and Vice-Provost of the University of Pennsylvania. The distinction of the sons is a memorial of the father.

Along the North Mountain in Hopewell and Lurgan a sojourner at the middle of the last century would have heard some remarkable stories of early settlement. For instance, there is a tradition that Thomas Pomeroy settled on a large

tract on the Roxbury and Newburg Road, two miles from Roxbury, about 1730. He was the ancestor of the Pomeroys of Franklin and Juniata Counties. Although born in Ireland, he was of Huguenot extraction. I am inclined to believe that the year of his settlement has been antedated. Again, it is asserted that Joseph McElwain settled in ThreeSquare Hollow in 1717. If sustained this would antedate the erection of Le Tort's cabin at Carlisle. It sounds like a three-square story. Furthermore, it has been supposed that the Herron, Young, and Watt tracts, above Middle Spring, in what is now Southampton Township, Franklin County, was the first land taken up in the Cumberland Valley, because they were, it was alleged, previously assigned to Benjamin Furley. Furley lived in Holland, and his dealings with Penn date back to 1680. The use of his name sounds very much like a trick upon the actual settlers.

And now we are in the heart of the Middle Spring settlement. Standing on the hill overlooking Maclay's Mill we have a glorious vision before us. The winding Conodoguinet glitters in the sunshine from so many points in its tortuous course that it seems to be playing "hide and seek” with the pine thickets that mingle their resinous breath with the haze that hangs over the stream. The mountains that mark the two sides of the valley seem so near that they give the impression that they once had a mind to embrace each other, and cut the broad vale in two midway between the Susquehanna and the Potomac. At our feet are the paternal acres of the Maclays. The immigrants were two brothers, Charles and John, and their children. Charles had four sons,-John, William, Charles, and Samuel. This John was a member of the Carpenters' Hall Convention in 1776, that framed our first State Constitution. William was the colleague of Robert Morris in the United States Senate in the first Congress, and the first Democrat. Samuel was also a United States Senator, but was compelled to resign at the dictation of Michael Leib, the master of the Democratic "machine" in Pennsylvania at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

The Maclays have always been prominent in public affairs. William, a son of John, of Carpenters' Hall fame, was a member of Congress, 1815-19. John's son, David, was a member of the Legislature, 1812-14, and David's son, David, now living in Chambersburg at the age of ninety-two, in 1851-52. The first David's grandson, David, is chairman of the Franklin County Republican Committee. John, a brother of William and David, sons of John, was sheriff of Franklin County, 1820-23. John Maclay, a brother of Charles the immigrant, and an elder in Middle Spring Church in 1747, had two sons, John and Charles. This Charles was a captain in Colonel Dunlop's battalion, and was killed in the affair at the Crooked Billet. The Maclays are descended from the Barons Fingal of Ireland. By intermarriage the Maclay family is one of the most extensive in its ramifications in this country.

South of us is the Middle Spring Church, around and beyond which are Robert Chambers, a brother of Benjamin; John Williamson, the grandfather of the Rev. Dr. John Williamson Nevin, and the father of the celebrated Dr. Hugh Williamson, whose name was associated with that of Franklin in the matter of the Hutchinson letters; the Morrows, of whom one Charles was a captain in Colonel Benjamin Chambers's battalion in 1748; the Hannas, from one of whom came General John Andrew Hanna, the lawyer of Carlisle and Harrisburg; John Reynolds, an elder in Middle Spring Church, and the head of a family prominent down to our time; Colonel James Dunlop, father of Andrew Dunlop, of the Franklin County Bar, who married Sarah Bella, daughter of General James Chambers, and grandfather of James Dunlop, the compiler of Dunlop's "Digest;" John Culbertson,' the ancestor of the Culbertson families of

1 This statement is vigorously denied by some of the descendants of the "three Irish brothers," Alexander, Joseph, and Samuel, who settled near one another in "Culbertson's Row," Franklin County. But the denial involves the necessity of ignoring John, who was one of the original settlers of Shippensburg, 1730-33; James, who was a taxpayer in