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or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or lab may be due.

Creation of New
States.

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other stat nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more state or part of states, without the consent of the legislatures of th states concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congre shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules an regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United State and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims the United States, or of any particular state.

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union republican form of government, and shall protect each Guarantee of Repub- them against invasion, and on application of the Legislatur lican Government. or of the executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened against domestic violence.

Action by Congress

Ratification.

ARTICLE V.

Amendments to Constitution.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessar shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legi latures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call convention for proposing amendments, which in either ca shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of th Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of thre fourths of the several states, or by convention in three-fourths thereof, as the ol or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that i amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred a eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equ suffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

Supreme Authority of Constitution.

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constit

Debts and Treaties-
Official Oaths-No

Religious Test.

tion as under the confederation. This Constitution and t laws of the United States which shall be made in purs ance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be mad under the authority of the United States, shall be t supreme law of the land; and the judges in every sta shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to tl contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, at the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officer both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be requir as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.

ARTICLE VII.

Ratification of Constitution,

The ratification of the convention of nine states shall be sufficient for tl establishment of this Constitution between the states i ratifying the same.

Nine States Suf

ficient to Establish.

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of t states present, the seventeenth day of September, in tl year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the indepe dence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we ha hereunto subscribed our names. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia. New Hampshire-JOHN LANGDON, NICHOLAS GILMAN, Massachusetts-NATHANIEL GORHAM, RUFUS KING. Connecticut-WM. SAML. JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN. New York-ALEXANDER HAMILTON.

DAYTON.

New Jersey-WILL. LIVINGSTON, DAVID BREARLY, WM. PATERSON, JON.
Pennsylvania-B. FRANKLIN, THOMAS MIFFLIN, ROBERT MORRIS. GE
CLYMER, THOMAS FITZSIMONS, JARED INGERSOLL, JAMI
WILSON. GOUV. MORRIS.
Delaware-GEO. READ, GUNNING BEDFORD, Jun'r, JOHN DICKINSON, RICI
ARD BASSETT. JACO. BROOM.

Maryland-JAMES M'HENRY, DAN. OF ST. THOMAS JENIFER, DANL. CARROL
Virginia-JOHN BLAIR, JAMES MADISON, Jun'r.
North Carolina-WM. BLOUNT, RICHARD DOBBS SPAIGHT, HU. WILLIAMSON
South Carolina-J. RUTLEDGE, CH'S COATESWORTH PINCKNEY, CHARLI

PINCKNEY. PIERCE BUTLER.

Georgia-WILLIAM FEW, ABR. BALDWIN.

Attest: WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AMENDMENTS.

(The first ten amendments were proposed at the first session of the 1st Congre of the United States, which was begun and held at the city of New York on Mar

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4, 1789, and were adopted by the requisite number of states-1 vol. Laws of U. S., p. 72. They together constitute a Bill of Rights.) The following is the preamble and resolution: Congress of the United States begun and held at the city of New York on Wednesday, the 4th day of March, 1789. The conventions of a number of the states having at the time of their adopting the Constitution expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the government will best insure the beneficent ends of its Constitution.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the legislatures of the several states as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes as part of said Constitution, namely:

ARTICLE I.-Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

ARTICLE II.-A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

ARTICLE III.-No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IV.-The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation. and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

ARTICLE V.-No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger. nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

ARTICLE VI.-In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses In his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.

ARTICLE VII.-In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed $20, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.

ARTICLE VIII.-Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.-The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ARTICLE X.-The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

ARTICLE XI. (Proposed by Congress held at Philadelphia, December 2, 1793; ratification declared by President, January 8, 1798.) The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

ARTICLE XII.-(Proposed at first session of 8th Congress, in Washington. October 17, 1803; ratification announced by Secretary of State. September 25, 1804.) The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by Election of Presi- ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least dent and shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; Vice-President. they shall name in their ballots the persons voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the persons voted for as VicePresident, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states. and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall de

volve upon them. before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-Presl dent of the United States.

ARTICLE XIII.-(Proposed by Congress February 1, 1865; ratification an

Amendments Following Civil War.

subject to their jurisdiction

nounced by Secretary of State, December 16, 1865.) Section 1 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a pun ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV.-(Proposed by Congress June 16, 1866; ratification announced by Secretary of State, July 25, 1868.) Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choices of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legis lature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twentyone years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President or Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United states, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath as member of Con gress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.

(Note.-On June 7, 1898, President McKinley approved of an act of Congress which declared that "the disabilities imposed by Section 8, Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution, heretofore incurred, are hereby removed.")

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppress ing the insurrection or rebellion shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipa tion of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.-(Proposed by Congress February 27, 1869; ratification announced by Secretary of State, March 30, 1870.) Section 1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. THE PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION LAW.

The Presidential succession is fixed by Chapter 1 of the acts of the 49th Congress, first session. In case of the removal, death, resignation or inability of both the President and Vice-President, then the Secretary of State shall act as President until the disability of the President or Vice-President is removed or a President is elected. If there be no Secretary of State, then the Secretary of the Treasury will act, and the remainder of the order of succession is as follows: The Secretary of War, Attorney General, Postmaster General, Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of the Interior. The Acting President must, upon taking office, convene Congress, if not at the time in ses sion, in extraordinary session, giving twenty days' notice. This act applies only to such Cabinet officers as shall have been appointed by the advice and consent of the Senate, and are eligible under the Constitution to the Presidency

The act of Congress raising the Department of Agriculture to the rank of an executive department and giving its head a seat in the President's Cabinet and the act creating the Department of Commerce and Labor were both passed subsequently to the Presidential succession act. By intention or inadvertence Congress did not extend the provisions of the succession act to these two additional Cabinet officers. There is no warrant for considering the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor as in the line of succession. But no judicial interpretation has yet been made of the provisions of the succession law and of the acts creating the eighth and ninth executive departments.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

THE EXECUTIVE.

RESIDENT.

ICE-PRESIDENT.

ECRETARY TO THE PRESIDENT.

THE

ECRETARY OF STATE..

ECRETARY OF THE TREASURY.

ECRETARY OF WAR..

TTORNEY GENERAL..

OSTMASTER GENERAL..

ECRETARY OF THE NAVY..

WILLIAM H. TAFT, of Ohio
.JAMES S. SHERMAN, of New York
....FRED W. CARPENTER, of California
CABINET.
.PHILANDER C. KNOX, of Pennsylvania
.FRANKLIN MACVEAGH, of Illinois
...JACOB M. DICKINSON, of Tennessee
.GEORGE W. WICKERSHAM, of New York
.FRANK H. HITCHCOCK, of Massachusetts
.GEORGE VON L. MEYER, of Massachusetts
.RICHARD A. BALLINGER, of Washington
JAMES WILSON, of Iowa

ECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR...
ECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE..
ECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND LABOR. ...CHARLES NAGEL, of Missouri
[The salary of the President is $75,000 a year; the salary of the Vice-President
d of each of the members of the Cabinet is $12,000 a year, except the salary of
e Secretary of State, which, until March 4, 1911, is $8,000 a year; the Secretary
the President receives $6,000 a year.]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

ECRETARY OF STATE..
SSISTANT SECRETARY.
ECOND ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
HIRD ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
Solicitor-James Brown Scott (1906),
Cal., $5,000.

.PHILANDER C. KNOX (1909), Penn., $8,000
.HUNTINGTON WILSON (1909), Ill., $5.000
.ALVEY A. ADEE (1886), D. C., $4,500
CHANDLER HALE (1909), Me., $4,500
Chief of Bureau of Appointments-
Miles M. Shand (1909), N. J., $2,100.
Chief of Bureau of Citizenship-Richard
W. Flournoy, jr. (1909), Md., $2,100.
U. S. Representatives on International
Tribunals of Egypt.

Assistant Solicitors-William C. Dennis 1906), Ind.; Joshua R. Clark, jr. (1907), tah: C. F. Wilson (1909), D. C., $3,000. Chief Clerk-William McNeir (1909),

Mich., $3,000.

Chief of Diplomatic Bureau-Sidney Y. mith (1897). D. C., $2.250.

Chief of Consular Bureau-Herbert C.
Hengstler (1907), Ohio, $2.250.

Chief of Pureau of Indexes and Archives
John R. Buck (1906), Mo., $2,100.
Chief of Bureau of Accounts-Thomas
forrison (1900). N. Y.. $2.300.

Chief of Bureau of Rolls and Library-
John A. Tonner (1909), Ohio, $2,100.
Chief of Bureau of Trade Relations-
John B. Osborne (1905), Penn., $2,100.

Court of Appeals at Alexandria-Somerville P. Tuck (1908), N. Y.

Court of First Instance at Cairo-Wm. G. Van Horne (1902), Utah.

Court of First Instance at MansourahWalter V. R. Berry (1908), D. C.

Bureau of American Republics. Director-John Barrett (1906), Ore.,

$5.000.

Chief Clerk-Franklin Adams, acting, $2.000.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

ECRETARY OF THE TREASURY....FRANKLIN MACVEAGH (1909), Ill., $12,000

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Auditor for State Department-Caleb
Layton (1906), Del., $4,000.

Auditor for Treasury Department-Will-
am E. Andrews (1897), Neb., $4.000.
Auditor for War Department-Benj. F.
Harper (1905), Ind., $5,000.

• Auditor for Postoffice Department-
Jerritt O. Chance (1908). Ill., $4,000.
Auditor for Navv Department-Ralph
W. Tyler (1907). Ohio, $4.000.

Auditor for Interior Department-How-
rd C. Shober (1909), S. Dak., $4,000.
Treasurer of United States-Lee Mc
Clung (1909), Tenn., $8,000.

Assistant Treasurer Gideon C. Bantz 1908), Md., $3.600.

Deputy Assistant Treasurer-W. Howard Gibson (1908), D. C., $3,200.

Register of the Treasury-W. T. Vernon (1906), Kansas, $4,000.

Controller of the Currency-Lawrence O. Murray (1908), Ill., $5,000.

Deputy Controller of the CurrencyWillis J. Fowler (1908), Ind., $3,000. Commissioner of Internal RevenueRoyal E. Cabell (1909), Va., $6,000.

Deputy Commissioners of Internal Revenue Robert Williams, jr. (1899). La., $4,000; J. C. Wheeler (1900), Mich., $3,600. Director of the Mint-A. Platt Andrew (1909), Mass., $4,500.

Chief of Secret Service Division-John E. Wilkle (1897), Ill., $4.000.

Assistant Chief of Secret Service Division- W. H. Moran (1907), D. C., $3.000. Surgeon General of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service-Walter Wyman (1891). Mo., $5,000.

Supervising Architect-James K. Taylor (1897), Penn., $5,000.

Director Bureau of Engraving and Printing-Joseph E. Ralph (1908), Ill., $5,000.

De Vries (1900), Cal., president; H. Somerville (1890), Ala.; T. S. Sharre General Superintendent of Lifesaving (1890), Md.; Israel F. Fischer (1900), Service S. I. Kimball (1878), Me., $4,500. Y.; Byron S. Waite (1902), Mich.; Euge Assistant General Superintendent-Oliver G. Hay (1903), Minn.; Charles P. M. Maxam (1905), D. C., $2,500. Clelland (1903), N. Y.; Roy H. Chamb

Board of General Appraisers-Marion lain (1308), Iowa; each $9,000.

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Chief of Coast Artillery.

OFFICERS.

Major General Fred C. Ainsworth...April 23,
.Brig. Gen. Ernest A. Garlington..... ..Oct. 1,
.Brig. Gen. James B. Aleshire.... ..July 1,
.Brig. Gen. George H. Torney. .....Jan. 14, 1
.Brig. Gen. Henry G. Sharpe.
.Brig. Gen. Charles H. Whipple.
.Brig. Gen. William L. Marshall.
Brig. Gen. William Crozier..
.Brig. Gen. George B. Davis..
.Brig. Gen. James Allen..
..Brig. Gen. Arthur Murray.

.Oct. 12, 1 ..Jan. 1, 1 ..July 2, 1 May 3, May 24,

.Feb. 10, ..Oct. 1, 1

Bureau of Insular Affairs.. .......Brig. Gen. Clarence R. Edwards.....June 30,

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Gettysburg National Military Park- Shiloh National Military Park-Comm Commissioners John P. Nicholson, Penn.; sioners, Cornelius Cadle, Ala.; James Lunsford L. Lomax, Va.; C. A. Rich- Ashcraft, Ky. Basil Duke, Ky.; Col ardson. N. Y.; compensation. $10 a day. pensation. $250 a month. Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park-Commissioners, Ezra A. Carman, D. C.; Col. John Tweedale (retired), U. S. A.; Joseph B. Cumming, Ga.; compensation, $300 a month.

Vicksburg National Military Parl Commissioners, William T. Rigby, Iow Louis Guion, La.; James G. Everest, Il compensation, $300 a month.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

ATTORNEY GENERAL.. .......GEORGE W. WICKERSHAM (1909), N. Y., $12, ASSISTANT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL..WADE H. ELLIS (1908), Ohio, $7, SOLICITOR GENERAL...

Assistant Attorneys General-John G. Thompson (1897), I.; Charles W. Russell (1905), W. Va.; Wm. Wallace Brown (1907), Penn.; James A. Fowler (1908), Tenn.; John Q. Thompson (1907). Kan.; William R. Harr (1909), D. C.; $5,000.

Assistant Attorney General, Interior Department - Oscar Lawler (1909), Cal., $5,000.

Assistant Attorney General, Postoffice Department-Russel P. Goodwin (1904), Ill., $5,000.

LLOYD W. BOWERS (1909), Ill.. $7,

Treasury

Solicitor, Department of Commerce a
Labor-Chas. Earle (1906), D. Č., $5,00
Solicitor of the Treasury-Maurice
O'Connell (1897), Iowa, $5,000.
Assistant Solicitor of the
Felix A. Reeve (1897), Tenn., $3,000.
Solicitor of Internal Revenue-Fletch
Maddox (1908), Mont., $5,000.
Chief Clerk-Orin J. Field (1903), Ka
$3,000.
Law Clerk and Examiner of Titles
R. T. Strickland (1907), N. Y., $2,700.

POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT.

POSTMASTER GENERAL..
.FRANK H. HITCHCOCK (1909), Mass., $12,0
FIRST ASST. POSTMASTER GENERAL....
$5,
SECOND ASST. POSTMASTER GENERAL..JOSEPH STEWART (1908), Mo., $5,0
THIRD ASST. POSTMASTER GENERAL....A. L. LAWSHE (1907), Ind.... $5,0
FOURTH ASST. POSTMASTER GENERAL,

Chief Clerk-Richard P. Covert (1909), Wis.. $3,000.

Superintendent of Foreign Mails-Basil Miles (1908), Penn., $3,000.

PETER V. DE GRAW (1905), Penn., $5,0

Superintendent of Dead Letter Office
James R. Young (1905), Penn., $2,500.
Superintendent of Railway Adjustme
-Joseph Stewart (1907), Mo., $3,000.

Superintendent of Money Order System
-Edward F. Kimball (1903), Mass., $3.500.
Superintendent of System of Postal Fi-
nance Harry H. Thompson (1906), $2.250.
Superintendent of Registry System-
C. Howard Buckler (1906), D. C., $2,500.
Superintendent Rural Delivery Service--C. M. Waters (1903). Col., $4,000.

Supt. Division of Classification-H wood M. Bacon (1903), Mich., $2,750.

W. R. Spilman (1903). Kan., $3,000.

Superintendent City Delivery Servic Ervin H. Thorpe (1903), Vt., $3,000. General Supt. Salaries and Allowan

Chief Postoffice Inspector-William

General Superintendent of Railway Mail Vickery (1904), D. C., $4,000. Service Alex. Grant (1907), Mich., $4,000.

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