lands with the Indians residing in any of the States or Territories, and for their removal west of the Mississippi," and to cause such tribe or nation to be protected, at their new residence, against all interruption or disturbance from any other tribe or nation of Indians, or from any other person or persons whatever.

Section 2115. Whenever it becomes necessary to survey any Indian or other reservations, or any lands, the same shall be surveyed under the direction and control of the General Land Office, and as nearly as may be in conformity to the rules and regulations under which other public lands are surveyed.

Section 2116. No purchase, grant, lease, or other conveyance of lands, or of any title or claim thereto, from any Indian nation or tribe of Indians, shall be of any validity in law or equity, unless the same be made by treaty or convention entered into pursuant to the constitution. Every person who, not being employed under the authority of the United States, attempts to negotiate such treaty or convention, directly or indirectly, or to treat with any such nation or tribe of Indians, for the title or purchase of any lands by them held or claimed, is liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars.

Section 2117. Every person who drives or otherwise conveys any stock of horses, mules or cattle, to range and feed on any land belonging to any Indian or Indian tribe, without the consent of such tribe, is liable to a penalty of one dollar for each animal of such stock.

Section 2118. Every person who makes a settlement on any lands belonging, secured, or granted by treaty with the United States to any Indian tribe, or surveys or attempts to survey such lands, or to designate any of the boundaries by marking trees or otherwise, is liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars. The President may, moreover, take such measures and employ such military force as (he) may judge necessary to remove any such person from the lands.

Section 2126. In all trials about the right of property

in which an Indian may be a party on one side and a white person on the other, the burden of proof shall rest upon the white person, whenever the Indian shall make out a presumption of title in himself from the fact of previous possession or ownership.

Section 2128. Any loyal person, a citizen of the United States, of good moral character, shall be permitted to trade with any Indian tribe, upon giving bond to the United States, in the penal sum of not less than five nor more than ten thousand dollars, with at least two good securities, to be approved by the superintendent of the district within which such person proposes to trade, or by the United States district judge or district attorney for the district in which the obligor resides, renewable each year, conditioned that such person shall faithfully observe all laws and regulations made for the government of trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and in no respect violate the same.

Section 2129. No person shall be permitted to trade with any of the Indians in the Indian country, without a license therefor from a superintendent of Indian Affairs, or Indian agent, or sub-agent, which license shall be issued for a term not exceeding two years for the tribes east of the Mississippi, and not exceeding three years for the tribes west of that river.

Section 2130. Any superintendent or agent may refuse an application for a license to trade, if he is satisfied that that the applicant is a person of bad character, or that it would be improper to permit him to reside in the Indian country, or if a license, previously granted to such applicant, has been revoked, or a forfeiture of his bond has been decreed. But an appeal may be had from the agent or the superintendent to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

Section 2131. The superintendent of the district shall have power to revoke and cancel any license to trade within the Indian country whenever the person licensed has, in his opinion, transgressed any of the laws or regu

lations provided for the government of trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, or whenever, in his opinion, it is improper to permit such person to remain in the Indian country. No trade with the tribes shall be carried on within their boundary, except at certain suitable and convenient places, to be designated from time to time by the superintendents, agents and sub-agents, and to be inserted in the license. The person granting or revoking such licenses shall forthwith report the same to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for his approval or disapproval.

Section 2132. The President is authorized, whenever in his opinion the public interest may require the same, to prohibit the introduction of goods, or of any particular article, into the country belonging to any Indian tribe, and to direct all licenses to trade with such tribe to be revoked, and all applications therefor to be rejected. No trader to any other tribe shall, so long as such prohibition may continue, trade with any Indians of or for the tribe against which such prohibition is issued.

Section 2133. Any person, other than an Indian, who shall attempt to reside in the Indian country as a trader, or to introduce goods, or to trade therein without such license, shall forfeit all merchandise offered for sale to the Indians, or found in his possession, and shall moreover be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars.

Section 2134. Every foreigner who shall go into the Indian country without a passport from the Department of the Interior, superintendent, agent, or sub-agent of Indian Affairs, or officer of the United States commanding the nearest military post on the frontiers, or who shall remain intentionally therein after the expiration of such passport, shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars. Every such passport shall express the object of such person, the time he is allowed to remain, and the route he is to travel.

Section 2135. Every person, other than an Indian, who, within the Indian country, purchases or receives of any

Indian, in the way of barter, trade, or pledge, a gun, trap, or other article commonly used in hunting, any instrument of husbandry, or cooking utensils of the kind commonly obtained by the Indians in their intercourse with the white people, or any article of clothing, except skins or furs, shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars.

Section 2137. Every person, other than an Indian, within the limits of any tribe with whom the United States has existing treaties, who hunts or traps, or takes and destroys any peltries or game, except for subsistence in the Indian country, shall forfeit all the traps, guns, and ammunition in his possession, used or procured to be used for that purpose, and all peltries so taken, and shall be liable in addition to a penalty of five hundred dollars.

Section 2138. Every person who drives or removes, except by authority of an order lawfully issued by the Secretary of War, connected with the movement or subsistence of troops, any cattle, horses, or other stock from the Indian country for the purpose of trade or commerce, shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than three years, or by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, or both.

Section 2139. No ardent spirits shall be introduced, under any pretense, into the Indian country. Every person, except an Indian, in the Indian country, who sells, exchanges, gives, barters, or disposes of any spirituous liquors or wine, to any Indian under the charge of any Indian superintendent or agent, or introduces, or attempts to introduce, any spirituous liquors or wine into the Indian country, shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than two years, and by a fine of not more than three hundred dollars. But it shall be a sufficient defense to any charge of introducing or attempting to introduce liquor into the Indian country, that the acts charged were done by order of or under authority from the War Department, or any officer duly authorized thereunto by the War Department.

Section 2140. If any superintendent of Indian Affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or commanding officer of a military post, has reason to suspect or is informed that any white person or Indian is about to introduce, or has introduced, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country in violation of law, such superintendent, agent, sub-agent, or commanding officer, may cause the boats, stores, packages, wagons, sleds, and places of deposit of such persons to be searched; and if any such liquor is found therein, the same, together with the boats, teams, wagons and sleds used in conveying the same, and also the goods, packages and peltries of such person shall be seized and delivered to the proper officer, and shall be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited, one-half to the informer, and the other half to the use of the United States; and if such person be a trader his license shall be revoked and his bond put in suit. It shall moreover be the duty of any person in the service of the United States, or of any Indian, to take and destroy any ardent spirits or wine found in the Indian country, except such as may be introduced therein by the War Department. In all cases arising under this and the preceding section, Indians shall be competent witnesses.

Section 2141. Every person who shall, within the Indian country, set up or continue any distillery for manufacturing ardent spirits, shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars; and the superintendent of Indian Affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, within the limits of whose agency any distillery of ardent spirits is set up or continued, shall forthwith destroy and break up the

same.

Section 2142. Every white person who shall make an assault upon an Indian or other person, and every Indian who shall make an assault upon a white person, within the Indian country, with a gun, rifle, sword, pistol, knife, or any other deadly weapon, with intent to kill or maim the person so assaulted, shall be punishable by impris