Unfree LaborHarvard University Press, 30 Jun 2009 - 553 halaman Two massive systems of unfree labor arose, a world apart from each other, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The American enslavement of blacks and the Russian subjection of serfs flourished in different ways and varying degrees until they were legally abolished in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Peter Kolchin compares and contrasts the two systems over time in this magisterial book, which clarifies the organization, structure, and dynamics of both social entities, highlighting their basic similarities while pointing out important differences discernible only in comparative perspective. These differences involved both the masters and the bondsmen. The independence and resident mentality of American slaveholders facilitated the emergence of a vigorous crusade to defend slavery from outside attack, whereas an absentee orientation and dependence on the central government rendered serfholders unable successfully to defend serfdom. Russian serfs, who generally lived on larger holdings than American slaves and faced less immediate interference in their everyday lives, found it easier to assert their communal autonomy but showed relatively little solidarity with peasants outside their own villages; American slaves, by contrast, were both more individualistic and more able to identify with all other blacks, both slave and free. Kolchin has discovered apparently universal features in master-bondsman relations, a central focus of his study, but he also shows their basic differences as he compares slave and serf life and chronicles patterns of resistance. If the masters had the upper hand, the slaves and serfs played major roles in shaping, and setting limits to, their own bondage. This truly unprecedented comparative work will fascinate historians, sociologists, and all social scientists, particularly those with an interest in comparative history and studies in slavery. |
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Halaman viii
... slaves by size of holdings , 1860 54 6. Distribution of Russian serfowners and serfs by size of holdings , 1858 54 7. Level of exploitation of obrok serfs in four provinces 8. Peasant volneniia , 1796-1855 , by year 322 151 9 ...
... slaves by size of holdings , 1860 54 6. Distribution of Russian serfowners and serfs by size of holdings , 1858 54 7. Level of exploitation of obrok serfs in four provinces 8. Peasant volneniia , 1796-1855 , by year 322 151 9 ...
Halaman x
... slave societies . American slavery and Russian serfdom exhibited fundamental ... slaves blurred the master - slave , white - black distinction and came to ... serfs experienced increasing division of labor and constituted a declining ...
... slave societies . American slavery and Russian serfdom exhibited fundamental ... slaves blurred the master - slave , white - black distinction and came to ... serfs experienced increasing division of labor and constituted a declining ...
Halaman xii
... serfs than on those of the slaves . In both countries the bondsmen's lives differed from those prescribed for them , but the serfs found it easier than the slaves to maintain at least partial communal autonomy . Because the bondsmen's ...
... serfs than on those of the slaves . In both countries the bondsmen's lives differed from those prescribed for them , but the serfs found it easier than the slaves to maintain at least partial communal autonomy . Because the bondsmen's ...
Halaman 3
... serfs gradually merged , and in 1723 Peter I transferred all remaining slaves into the ranks of serfs.3 3 Although there were slaves in Russia in the first half of the six- teenth century , Russia was not at the time a slave society in ...
... serfs gradually merged , and in 1723 Peter I transferred all remaining slaves into the ranks of serfs.3 3 Although there were slaves in Russia in the first half of the six- teenth century , Russia was not at the time a slave society in ...
Halaman 26
... slaves pre- vailed nicely illustrates the impact of commercially oriented agricul- ture on the labor system of ... serfs , but there were others who had escaped enserfment and later came to be known as state peasants . They had no immediate ...
... slaves pre- vailed nicely illustrates the impact of commercially oriented agricul- ture on the labor system of ... serfs , but there were others who had escaped enserfment and later came to be known as state peasants . They had no immediate ...
Isi
1 | |
PART I The Masters and Their Bondsmen | 47 |
PART II The Bondsmen and Their Masters | 193 |
The Crisis of Unfree Labor | 359 |
Bibliographical Note | 377 |
Notes | 385 |
Index | 505 |
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Istilah dan frasa umum
absentee African agrarnoi istorii agricultural American Slavery American slaves Antebellum South barshchina behavior bondage bondsmen colonies culture DeBow's Review Diary Douglass economic eighteenth century emancipation Engerman ex-slaves example flight Frederick Douglass free blacks freedom fugitives Genovese Governor historians History ibid Imperial Russia instructions Instruktsiia ispravnik Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Izdatel'stvo Nauka Jordan khoziaistva Krepostnoe krepostnogo krest'ian Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie land lives Louisiana Louisiana State University majority masters ment Moscow Nakaz Negro nineteenth century noblemen obrok obshchina Old South orig overseers owners passim peasants percent pervoi Petersburg petitions plantation planters polovine XIX pomeshchiki population prava province punishment quotation racial Rebellion resistance Roll Rossii Russian serfdom Russian serfs Saratov seigneurial serfowners seventeenth slave societies slaveholders slaveowners slavery slaves and serfs social South Carolina southern Southern United starosta stewards tion tsar unfree labor University Press village Virginia volnenie volneniia whip William XIX veka XVIII veka York