Unfree LaborHarvard University Press, 30 Jun 2009 - 553 halaman Two massive systems of unfree labor arose, a world apart from each other, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The American enslavement of blacks and the Russian subjection of serfs flourished in different ways and varying degrees until they were legally abolished in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Peter Kolchin compares and contrasts the two systems over time in this magisterial book, which clarifies the organization, structure, and dynamics of both social entities, highlighting their basic similarities while pointing out important differences discernible only in comparative perspective. These differences involved both the masters and the bondsmen. The independence and resident mentality of American slaveholders facilitated the emergence of a vigorous crusade to defend slavery from outside attack, whereas an absentee orientation and dependence on the central government rendered serfholders unable successfully to defend serfdom. Russian serfs, who generally lived on larger holdings than American slaves and faced less immediate interference in their everyday lives, found it easier to assert their communal autonomy but showed relatively little solidarity with peasants outside their own villages; American slaves, by contrast, were both more individualistic and more able to identify with all other blacks, both slave and free. Kolchin has discovered apparently universal features in master-bondsman relations, a central focus of his study, but he also shows their basic differences as he compares slave and serf life and chronicles patterns of resistance. If the masters had the upper hand, the slaves and serfs played major roles in shaping, and setting limits to, their own bondage. This truly unprecedented comparative work will fascinate historians, sociologists, and all social scientists, particularly those with an interest in comparative history and studies in slavery. |
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Halaman 3
... majority of peasants , however , were dependent on people richer and more powerful than themselves . They lived on someone else's land — the holder could be an individual , a monastery , or the tsar himself — and paid rent in exchange ...
... majority of peasants , however , were dependent on people richer and more powerful than themselves . They lived on someone else's land — the holder could be an individual , a monastery , or the tsar himself — and paid rent in exchange ...
Halaman 9
... majority of pomeshchiki . The result was disastrous . Mas- sive flight , brigandage , and social chaos once again engulfed the coun- tryside , and the population suffered from three successive crop fail- ures . In 1603 the government ...
... majority of pomeshchiki . The result was disastrous . Mas- sive flight , brigandage , and social chaos once again engulfed the coun- tryside , and the population suffered from three successive crop fail- ures . In 1603 the government ...
Halaman 26
... majority of the popula- tion ) were serfs , but there were others who had escaped enserfment and later came to be known as state peasants . They had no immediate owner and consequently enjoyed much more freedom than the serfs ; their ...
... majority of the popula- tion ) were serfs , but there were others who had escaped enserfment and later came to be known as state peasants . They had no immediate owner and consequently enjoyed much more freedom than the serfs ; their ...
Halaman 29
... majority : Siberia , where there were virtually no privately held serfs at all , and the North and northeast , where less than one - quarter of the peasants were privately held . Elsewhere , the great majority of the population were ...
... majority : Siberia , where there were virtually no privately held serfs at all , and the North and northeast , where less than one - quarter of the peasants were privately held . Elsewhere , the great majority of the population were ...
Halaman 32
... majority of the labor force , there was considerable leeway in what was expected of them . Until the 1720s " servants and masters shared the crude and egalitarian intimacies inevitable on a frontier . " Because of the lack of white ...
... majority of the labor force , there was considerable leeway in what was expected of them . Until the 1720s " servants and masters shared the crude and egalitarian intimacies inevitable on a frontier . " Because of the lack of white ...
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PART I The Masters and Their Bondsmen | 47 |
PART II The Bondsmen and Their Masters | 193 |
The Crisis of Unfree Labor | 359 |
Bibliographical Note | 377 |
Notes | 385 |
Index | 505 |
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absentee African agrarnoi istorii agricultural American Slavery American slaves Antebellum South barshchina behavior bondage bondsmen colonies culture DeBow's Review Diary Douglass economic eighteenth century emancipation Engerman ex-slaves example flight Frederick Douglass free blacks freedom fugitives Genovese Governor historians History ibid Imperial Russia instructions Instruktsiia ispravnik Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Izdatel'stvo Nauka Jordan khoziaistva Krepostnoe krepostnogo krest'ian Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie land lives Louisiana Louisiana State University majority masters ment Moscow Nakaz Negro nineteenth century noblemen obrok obshchina Old South orig overseers owners passim peasants percent pervoi Petersburg petitions plantation planters polovine XIX pomeshchiki population prava province punishment quotation racial Rebellion resistance Roll Rossii Russian serfdom Russian serfs Saratov seigneurial serfowners seventeenth slave societies slaveholders slaveowners slavery slaves and serfs social South Carolina southern Southern United starosta stewards tion tsar unfree labor University Press village Virginia volnenie volneniia whip William XIX veka XVIII veka York