Unfree LaborHarvard University Press, 30 Jun 2009 - 553 halaman Two massive systems of unfree labor arose, a world apart from each other, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The American enslavement of blacks and the Russian subjection of serfs flourished in different ways and varying degrees until they were legally abolished in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Peter Kolchin compares and contrasts the two systems over time in this magisterial book, which clarifies the organization, structure, and dynamics of both social entities, highlighting their basic similarities while pointing out important differences discernible only in comparative perspective. These differences involved both the masters and the bondsmen. The independence and resident mentality of American slaveholders facilitated the emergence of a vigorous crusade to defend slavery from outside attack, whereas an absentee orientation and dependence on the central government rendered serfholders unable successfully to defend serfdom. Russian serfs, who generally lived on larger holdings than American slaves and faced less immediate interference in their everyday lives, found it easier to assert their communal autonomy but showed relatively little solidarity with peasants outside their own villages; American slaves, by contrast, were both more individualistic and more able to identify with all other blacks, both slave and free. Kolchin has discovered apparently universal features in master-bondsman relations, a central focus of his study, but he also shows their basic differences as he compares slave and serf life and chronicles patterns of resistance. If the masters had the upper hand, the slaves and serfs played major roles in shaping, and setting limits to, their own bondage. This truly unprecedented comparative work will fascinate historians, sociologists, and all social scientists, particularly those with an interest in comparative history and studies in slavery. |
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Halaman 7
... fugitives . Peasants also sought refuge in the far north , along the desolate bor- ders of the White Sea , and across the frontiers of Sweden , Lithuania , and Poland . Documents from the 1570s and 1580s reveal an extraordinary de ...
... fugitives . Peasants also sought refuge in the far north , along the desolate bor- ders of the White Sea , and across the frontiers of Sweden , Lithuania , and Poland . Documents from the 1570s and 1580s reveal an extraordinary de ...
Halaman 8
... fugitives : " from these households the inhabitants left for who knows where , and some died . " British ambassador Giles Fletcher wrote in 1588 of " many villages and towns ... uninhabited , the people being fled all into other places ...
... fugitives : " from these households the inhabitants left for who knows where , and some died . " British ambassador Giles Fletcher wrote in 1588 of " many villages and towns ... uninhabited , the people being fled all into other places ...
Halaman 16
... fugitives to find employ- ment . As a result , the flight of indentured servants was a common and widely lamented occurrence . The colonies adopted stringent penalties for fugitives , usually involving their serving additional time and ...
... fugitives to find employ- ment . As a result , the flight of indentured servants was a common and widely lamented occurrence . The colonies adopted stringent penalties for fugitives , usually involving their serving additional time and ...
Halaman 29
... fugitives from the north seeking to escape bondage . Thus , in the East and southeast the number of privately held serfs more than tripled between 1678 and 1719 and increased from 44 to 66 percent of the peasant popu- lation ...
... fugitives from the north seeking to escape bondage . Thus , in the East and southeast the number of privately held serfs more than tripled between 1678 and 1719 and increased from 44 to 66 percent of the peasant popu- lation ...
Halaman 36
... fugitives from the center of the country swarmed south , where local authorities often welcomed them with open arms ; vagabonds roamed much of the countryside ; and in the southern borderlands cossacks , their ranks swelled by fresh ...
... fugitives from the center of the country swarmed south , where local authorities often welcomed them with open arms ; vagabonds roamed much of the countryside ; and in the southern borderlands cossacks , their ranks swelled by fresh ...
Isi
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PART I The Masters and Their Bondsmen | 47 |
PART II The Bondsmen and Their Masters | 193 |
The Crisis of Unfree Labor | 359 |
Bibliographical Note | 377 |
Notes | 385 |
Index | 505 |
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Istilah dan frasa umum
absentee African agrarnoi istorii agricultural American Slavery American slaves Antebellum South barshchina behavior bondage bondsmen colonies culture DeBow's Review Diary Douglass economic eighteenth century emancipation Engerman ex-slaves example flight Frederick Douglass free blacks freedom fugitives Genovese Governor historians History ibid Imperial Russia instructions Instruktsiia ispravnik Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Izdatel'stvo Nauka Jordan khoziaistva Krepostnoe krepostnogo krest'ian Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie land lives Louisiana Louisiana State University majority masters ment Moscow Nakaz Negro nineteenth century noblemen obrok obshchina Old South orig overseers owners passim peasants percent pervoi Petersburg petitions plantation planters polovine XIX pomeshchiki population prava province punishment quotation racial Rebellion resistance Roll Rossii Russian serfdom Russian serfs Saratov seigneurial serfowners seventeenth slave societies slaveholders slaveowners slavery slaves and serfs social South Carolina southern Southern United starosta stewards tion tsar unfree labor University Press village Virginia volnenie volneniia whip William XIX veka XVIII veka York