Unfree LaborHarvard University Press, 30 Jun 2009 - 553 halaman Two massive systems of unfree labor arose, a world apart from each other, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The American enslavement of blacks and the Russian subjection of serfs flourished in different ways and varying degrees until they were legally abolished in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Peter Kolchin compares and contrasts the two systems over time in this magisterial book, which clarifies the organization, structure, and dynamics of both social entities, highlighting their basic similarities while pointing out important differences discernible only in comparative perspective. These differences involved both the masters and the bondsmen. The independence and resident mentality of American slaveholders facilitated the emergence of a vigorous crusade to defend slavery from outside attack, whereas an absentee orientation and dependence on the central government rendered serfholders unable successfully to defend serfdom. Russian serfs, who generally lived on larger holdings than American slaves and faced less immediate interference in their everyday lives, found it easier to assert their communal autonomy but showed relatively little solidarity with peasants outside their own villages; American slaves, by contrast, were both more individualistic and more able to identify with all other blacks, both slave and free. Kolchin has discovered apparently universal features in master-bondsman relations, a central focus of his study, but he also shows their basic differences as he compares slave and serf life and chronicles patterns of resistance. If the masters had the upper hand, the slaves and serfs played major roles in shaping, and setting limits to, their own bondage. This truly unprecedented comparative work will fascinate historians, sociologists, and all social scientists, particularly those with an interest in comparative history and studies in slavery. |
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Halaman 4
... flight . The St. George's day provision did not so much stop movement as regulate its timing , and landlords hungry for laborers would often pay peasant loans and exit fees , provoking bitter charges of labor stealing . Peasant freedom ...
... flight . The St. George's day provision did not so much stop movement as regulate its timing , and landlords hungry for laborers would often pay peasant loans and exit fees , provoking bitter charges of labor stealing . Peasant freedom ...
Halaman 7
... flight . Hundreds of thousands of des- perate villagers left their homes , often in families or groups of fami- lies , in search of food , livelihood , and security . Some joined roving bands that foraged and pillaged throughout the ...
... flight . Hundreds of thousands of des- perate villagers left their homes , often in families or groups of fami- lies , in search of food , livelihood , and security . Some joined roving bands that foraged and pillaged throughout the ...
Halaman 9
... flight and an upsurge of social violence . The government of Boris Godunov wavered . In 1601 and 1602 he issued decrees once again allowing peasant departures , prob- ably in part to relieve growing popular restiveness and in part to ...
... flight and an upsurge of social violence . The government of Boris Godunov wavered . In 1601 and 1602 he issued decrees once again allowing peasant departures , prob- ably in part to relieve growing popular restiveness and in part to ...
Halaman 16
... flight of indentured servants was a common and widely lamented occurrence . The colonies adopted stringent penalties for fugitives , usually involving their serving additional time and , for subsequent offenses , branding or mutilation ...
... flight of indentured servants was a common and widely lamented occurrence . The colonies adopted stringent penalties for fugitives , usually involving their serving additional time and , for subsequent offenses , branding or mutilation ...
Halaman 19
... flight and depopulation and in the English colonies by the decline in the number of Europeans willing to come to America as indentured servants , led to efforts to regularize a new labor arrangement . In Rus- sia , the establishment of ...
... flight and depopulation and in the English colonies by the decline in the number of Europeans willing to come to America as indentured servants , led to efforts to regularize a new labor arrangement . In Rus- sia , the establishment of ...
Isi
1 | |
PART I The Masters and Their Bondsmen | 47 |
PART II The Bondsmen and Their Masters | 193 |
The Crisis of Unfree Labor | 359 |
Bibliographical Note | 377 |
Notes | 385 |
Index | 505 |
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absentee African agrarnoi istorii agricultural American Slavery American slaves Antebellum South barshchina behavior bondage bondsmen colonies culture DeBow's Review Diary Douglass economic eighteenth century emancipation Engerman ex-slaves example flight Frederick Douglass free blacks freedom fugitives Genovese Governor historians History ibid Imperial Russia instructions Instruktsiia ispravnik Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Izdatel'stvo Nauka Jordan khoziaistva Krepostnoe krepostnogo krest'ian Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie land lives Louisiana Louisiana State University majority masters ment Moscow Nakaz Negro nineteenth century noblemen obrok obshchina Old South orig overseers owners passim peasants percent pervoi Petersburg petitions plantation planters polovine XIX pomeshchiki population prava province punishment quotation racial Rebellion resistance Roll Rossii Russian serfdom Russian serfs Saratov seigneurial serfowners seventeenth slave societies slaveholders slaveowners slavery slaves and serfs social South Carolina southern Southern United starosta stewards tion tsar unfree labor University Press village Virginia volnenie volneniia whip William XIX veka XVIII veka York