Unfree LaborHarvard University Press, 30 Jun 2009 - 553 halaman Two massive systems of unfree labor arose, a world apart from each other, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The American enslavement of blacks and the Russian subjection of serfs flourished in different ways and varying degrees until they were legally abolished in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Peter Kolchin compares and contrasts the two systems over time in this magisterial book, which clarifies the organization, structure, and dynamics of both social entities, highlighting their basic similarities while pointing out important differences discernible only in comparative perspective. These differences involved both the masters and the bondsmen. The independence and resident mentality of American slaveholders facilitated the emergence of a vigorous crusade to defend slavery from outside attack, whereas an absentee orientation and dependence on the central government rendered serfholders unable successfully to defend serfdom. Russian serfs, who generally lived on larger holdings than American slaves and faced less immediate interference in their everyday lives, found it easier to assert their communal autonomy but showed relatively little solidarity with peasants outside their own villages; American slaves, by contrast, were both more individualistic and more able to identify with all other blacks, both slave and free. Kolchin has discovered apparently universal features in master-bondsman relations, a central focus of his study, but he also shows their basic differences as he compares slave and serf life and chronicles patterns of resistance. If the masters had the upper hand, the slaves and serfs played major roles in shaping, and setting limits to, their own bondage. This truly unprecedented comparative work will fascinate historians, sociologists, and all social scientists, particularly those with an interest in comparative history and studies in slavery. |
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Halaman x
... centuries; both lasted into the second half of the nineteenth century, with one abolished in 1861 and the other in 1865. They were also similar as systems of bondage; Russian serfdom had by the second half of the eighteenth century ...
... centuries; both lasted into the second half of the nineteenth century, with one abolished in 1861 and the other in 1865. They were also similar as systems of bondage; Russian serfdom had by the second half of the eighteenth century ...
Halaman xvi
... eighteenth century) Mir Peasant communal organization (also world, peace) Obrok Quitrent, dues paid in money or kind Obshchina Peasant commune Otkhodnik Departer, peasant with a pass temporarily working away from his estate Pomeshcbik ...
... eighteenth century) Mir Peasant communal organization (also world, peace) Obrok Quitrent, dues paid in money or kind Obshchina Peasant commune Otkhodnik Departer, peasant with a pass temporarily working away from his estate Pomeshcbik ...
Halaman 1
... eighteenth century they had reached a level of maturity; class lines hardened, and relationships that had once been ... centuries brought with it the emergence — in some cases the reemergence — of forced labor on both its eastern and ...
... eighteenth century they had reached a level of maturity; class lines hardened, and relationships that had once been ... centuries brought with it the emergence — in some cases the reemergence — of forced labor on both its eastern and ...
Halaman 2
... century and the first decade of the seventeenth, a sudden and complete prohibition of their right to move occurred; finally, in the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century, the new arrangement became solidified and ...
... century and the first decade of the seventeenth, a sudden and complete prohibition of their right to move occurred; finally, in the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century, the new arrangement became solidified and ...
Halaman 6
... eighteenth century — engaged in substantial exports of grain to western Europe, but Russia proper exported very little in the sixteenth century.8 The ultimate effect of increased seigneurial production, however, was the same: the ...
... eighteenth century — engaged in substantial exports of grain to western Europe, but Russia proper exported very little in the sixteenth century.8 The ultimate effect of increased seigneurial production, however, was the same: the ...
Isi
1 | |
PART I The Masters and Their Bondsmen | 47 |
PART II The Bondsmen and Their Masters | 193 |
The Crisis of Unfree Labor | 359 |
Bibliographical Note | 377 |
Notes | 385 |
Index | 505 |
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absentee African agricultural American Slavery American slaves Antebellum South barshchina behavior bondage bondsmen colonies culture DeBow's Review Diary Douglass economic eighteenth century emancipation Engerman ex-slaves example flight Frederick Douglass free blacks freedom fugitives Genovese Governor historians History households ibid Imperial Russia instructions Instruktsiia ispravnik Izdatel'stvo Jordan khoziaistva Krepostnoe krepostnogo krest'ian Krest'ianskii vopros Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie land lives Louisiana Louisiana State University majority masters Materialy dlia ment Moscow Nakaz Nauka Negro nineteenth century noblemen obrok obshchina Old South orig overseers owners passim peasants percent pervoi Petersburg petitions plantation planters polovine XIX pomeshchiki population prava province punishment quotation racial Rebellion resistance Roll Russian serfdom Russian serfs Saratov seigneurial Semevskii serfowners Slave Community slave societies slaveholders slaveowners slavery slaves and serfs social South Carolina southern Southern United starosta stewards tion tsar unfree labor University Press village Virginia volnenie volneniia whip William XIX veka York