Unfree LaborHarvard University Press, 30 Jun 2009 - 553 halaman Two massive systems of unfree labor arose, a world apart from each other, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The American enslavement of blacks and the Russian subjection of serfs flourished in different ways and varying degrees until they were legally abolished in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Peter Kolchin compares and contrasts the two systems over time in this magisterial book, which clarifies the organization, structure, and dynamics of both social entities, highlighting their basic similarities while pointing out important differences discernible only in comparative perspective. These differences involved both the masters and the bondsmen. The independence and resident mentality of American slaveholders facilitated the emergence of a vigorous crusade to defend slavery from outside attack, whereas an absentee orientation and dependence on the central government rendered serfholders unable successfully to defend serfdom. Russian serfs, who generally lived on larger holdings than American slaves and faced less immediate interference in their everyday lives, found it easier to assert their communal autonomy but showed relatively little solidarity with peasants outside their own villages; American slaves, by contrast, were both more individualistic and more able to identify with all other blacks, both slave and free. Kolchin has discovered apparently universal features in master-bondsman relations, a central focus of his study, but he also shows their basic differences as he compares slave and serf life and chronicles patterns of resistance. If the masters had the upper hand, the slaves and serfs played major roles in shaping, and setting limits to, their own bondage. This truly unprecedented comparative work will fascinate historians, sociologists, and all social scientists, particularly those with an interest in comparative history and studies in slavery. |
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Halaman viii
... colonies , 1730 and 1770 21 2. Regions of Russia , with privately held serfs as a percentage of the peasant population , 1678 and 1719 28 3. Slaves as a percentage of the population in the United States South , by county and state ...
... colonies , 1730 and 1770 21 2. Regions of Russia , with privately held serfs as a percentage of the peasant population , 1678 and 1719 28 3. Slaves as a percentage of the population in the United States South , by county and state ...
Halaman 10
... colonies , and there , as in Russia , this situation led to the use of physical compulsion to secure workers . A vast abundance of virgin land together with a paucity of settlers defined the problem in all the mainland colonies ...
... colonies , and there , as in Russia , this situation led to the use of physical compulsion to secure workers . A vast abundance of virgin land together with a paucity of settlers defined the problem in all the mainland colonies ...
Halaman 11
... colonies . The proximity of the wilder- ness and of friendly tribes made escape relatively easy for Indian slaves . The absence of a tradition of agricultural work among East Coast Indian males — women customarily performed the primary ...
... colonies . The proximity of the wilder- ness and of friendly tribes made escape relatively easy for Indian slaves . The absence of a tradition of agricultural work among East Coast Indian males — women customarily performed the primary ...
Halaman 12
... colonies . Nevertheless , what is most striking about the early American labor force is the length of time it took for slavery to replace indentured servitude : throughout most of the sev- enteenth century white laborers , not black ...
... colonies . Nevertheless , what is most striking about the early American labor force is the length of time it took for slavery to replace indentured servitude : throughout most of the sev- enteenth century white laborers , not black ...
Halaman 13
... colonies was small and the number of Englishmen anxious to come as servants was large . Readjustments in the English economy during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries worked serious hardships on many British subjects ...
... colonies was small and the number of Englishmen anxious to come as servants was large . Readjustments in the English economy during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries worked serious hardships on many British subjects ...
Isi
1 | |
PART I The Masters and Their Bondsmen | 47 |
PART II The Bondsmen and Their Masters | 193 |
The Crisis of Unfree Labor | 359 |
Bibliographical Note | 377 |
Notes | 385 |
Index | 505 |
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absentee African agrarnoi istorii agricultural American Slavery American slaves Antebellum South barshchina behavior bondage bondsmen colonies culture DeBow's Review Diary Douglass economic eighteenth century emancipation Engerman ex-slaves example flight Frederick Douglass free blacks freedom fugitives Genovese Governor historians History ibid Imperial Russia instructions Instruktsiia ispravnik Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Izdatel'stvo Nauka Jordan khoziaistva Krepostnoe krepostnogo krest'ian Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie land lives Louisiana Louisiana State University majority masters ment Moscow Nakaz Negro nineteenth century noblemen obrok obshchina Old South orig overseers owners passim peasants percent pervoi Petersburg petitions plantation planters polovine XIX pomeshchiki population prava province punishment quotation racial Rebellion resistance Roll Rossii Russian serfdom Russian serfs Saratov seigneurial serfowners seventeenth slave societies slaveholders slaveowners slavery slaves and serfs social South Carolina southern Southern United starosta stewards tion tsar unfree labor University Press village Virginia volnenie volneniia whip William XIX veka XVIII veka York