galley to be fitted up for your use and accommodation to New Orleans."-Mr. Ellicott considered that the third article of the treaty with Spain, required the commissioners for running the boundary line to meet at the Natchez; and that being then at his post, it was his duty to remain there, until the Spanish commissioner should be ready to proceed with him to the place where the line should commence; and therefore he declined the Baron's invitation.

On the 27th of February, Mr Ellicott encamped at the upper end of the town of Natchez, about a quarter of a mile from the fort occupied by the Spanish troops; and two days after hoisted the flag of the United States. Upon this he received a verbal message from governour Gayoso, by his aid, major Minor, desiring the flag might be taken down, which Mr. Ellicott declined doing. The request was not repeated. Here Mr. Ellicott began his astronomical observations, and found the hill on which he was encamped, to be in latitude 31 degrees, 33 minutes, 46 seconds, or about 39 miles north of the south boundary of the United States.

In this situation, Mr. Ellicott was told alarming stories about the unfavourable disposition of Indians, under an idea that the United States were meditating their destruction. The whole settlement was for some days swarming with them; and they frequently went about his camp with drawn knives. For his own safety he frequently issued provisions to them. Thus critically circumstanced, he on the 11th of March, wrote to governour Gayoso the letter, No. 5, to which he received the answer, No. 6. But in the mean time, Mr. Ellicott had sent an express to the commanding officer of his escort (consisting of only 25 men) which, in complaisance to the governour's first request, he had left sixty miles up the river, to come down directly to the Natchez.-And being determined not to countermand this order, he on the 13th, wrote to gover nour Gayoso the letter No. 7, proposing Bacon's landing, about a mile below his camp, for the station of his escort; but before this letter was sent, he had an interview with the governour, who undertook to prove the propriety and necessity of the whole party from the United States going down to Clarke's place, and closed his reasoning by observing, that if the escort did land at the Natchez, he should consider it as an insult offered to the king his mas

ter. Mr. Ellicott then telling the governour, that he should send him immediately an answer in writing, observed, that the desire which was constantly manifested to draw him from that place (the Natchez) appeared very singular, as it was designated in the late treaty between his catholick majesty and the United States, as the place of meeting for the commissioners; and therefore, that he should reject every proposition that was intended to draw him from his present situation, until the commissioner and surveyor on behalf of the crown of Spain were ready to proceed to business. To which the governour replied, "sir, you either mistake my meaning, or I have expressed myself very badly. I do not want you to leave this place, but on the contrary, I am desirous for you to take up your residence in my house; you will live there much more comfortably than in a tent." Mr. Ellicott said, that his tent was much more agreeable than a palace; for in his camp he enjoyed an independence characteristick of the nation he had the honour to represent. The next morning Mr. Ellicott sent his letter, No. 7, and the same day received the governour's answer, No. 8, expressing his entire satisfaction with Mr. Ellicott's sentiments, as uniformly agreeing with his own, in every thing which could combine the mutual interests of the two nations.

The evening following, (March 15th) Mr. Ellicott's escort arrived at the landing, and the next day went down to the place he had proposed for their station.

The officer of the escort having found in the settlement a number of deserters from the American army, took them up. This occasioned some verbal communications between governour Gayoso and Mr. Ellicott, the former desiring the deserters might be dismissed. Mr. Ellicott thereupon proposed this arrangement: That such deserters from the army of the United States as came into that country, and took the protection of the Spanish government, prior to the time fixed by the treaty for the evacuation of the posts, should, for the present, remain unmolested; but that such as had come to that country since that time should be liable to be taken and detained.

About the time Mr. Ellicott's escort arrived, the principal part of the artillery was taken out of the fort and carried to the landing, and every appearance made of

a speedy evacuation; but on the 22d of March, great industry was used in carrying cannon back to the fort, which were immediately remounted. This gave great alarm to the inhabitants of the district, who generally manifested a desire of being declared subjects of the United States, and at once to renounce the Spanish jurisdiction. In order to quiet the minds of the inhabitants, and to be able to give them some reasons for the governour's conduct, which now began to be considered as hostile to the United States, Mr. Ellicott, on the 23d of March, wrote the letter No. 9, which was followed by a note No. 10, to which he received the governour's answer, No. 11. This answer, containing information that the important business of running the boundary line should soon be commenced, and an assurance that nothing could prevent the religious compliance with the treaty, Mr. Ellicott expressed his satisfaction in his letter to the governour, No. 12.

It being now reported, that the American troops would be down in a few days, the governour sent by his aid, to Mr. Ellicott, an open letter from the governour directed to captain Pope, who it was said, commanded those troops, informing him, that for sundry reasons it would be proper, and conducive to the harmony of the two nations, for himself and the detachment under his command to remain at or near the place where the letter should meet him, until the posts should be evacuated; and as every preparation was making for that purpose, the delay would be but of a few days, when he would be happy to see him at the Natchez. This proposal to captain Pope, the governour, in his letter, No. 13, desired Mr. Ellicott to second. Upon reading this letter, Mr. Ellicott observed to major Minor, that it was impossible for him to join in the governour's request to captain Pope, as it was well known to him, (Mr. Ellicott) that instead of evacuating the posts, they were making them more defensible. However, Mr. Ellicott said, he would write a letter to the officer commanding the detachment, and requested major Minor (as he was to be the bearer of the governour's letter, to the Walnut-hills) to take charge of it; to which he had no objection. This letter is No. 14.

On the 28th of March, the governour issued the proclamation, No. 15, bearing the date of March 29th, and ano

ther, No. 16, bearing the same date, with the avowed object of quieting the minds of the inhabitants; but they produced a contrary effect. As soon as the governour discovered this, he requested two gentlemen of the settlement, to inform Mr. Ellicott that he, the governour, had received directions from the general in chief, the Baron de Carondelet, to have the artillery and military stores expeditiously removed from the forts, which were immediately to be given up to the troops of the United States upon their arrival. Great pains were taken to inculcate this report; but it did not remove suspicions. In order, therefore, to obtain a direct explanation, Mr. Ellicott, on the 31st of March, wrote to the governour the letter No. 17, enclosing two paragraphs, No. 18, of an address he had received from a number of respectable inhabitants of the district. The governour's answer, No. 19, of the same date, confirmed every suspicion, as it contained an explicit declaration, that his general had given him positive orders to suspend the evacuations of the posts until the two governments should determine, whether the works were to be left standing, or to be demolished; and until, by an additional article to the treaty, the real property of the inhabitants should be secured; agreeably to his proclamations, in which the governour thought proper to tell the inhabitants, that negotiations were on foot between his catholick majesty and the United States, for the adjustment of that and other matters. It may not be improper to remark, that no such negotiation has existed; and that this is the first time that these objections to the evacuation of the posts have been heard of. This peremptory declaration of governour Gayoso requires no comment.

Mr. Ellicott says, that with the exception of about eight persons, including some officers, all the inhabitants of the Natchez district (within the limits of the United States) are desirous of coming under their jurisdiction, and to have a government established there, similar to that north west of the river Ohio. My inquiries enable me to add, that the population amounts to near four thousand souls.

Mr. Ellicott further informs, that he has not only reason to believe, but is certain that many grants for lands in that district, have been given out by the officers of the government of Louisiana, since the ratification of the late treaty, and that their surveyors are now executing the surveys.

On the 14th of April, when Mr. Ellicott was folding up his despatches, he received from governour Gayoso the letter No. 20, of that date, complaining of the enlistment of persons in that district, as an infringement of the rights of his catholick majesty; and requesting that the persons enlisted might be discharged: to which Mr. Ellicott immediately returned the answer, No. 21; observing that the matter required investigation; but assuring governour Gayoso, that he would be careful neither to infringe the rights of the subjects of his catholick majesty, nor willingly suffer those of the citizens of the United States to be infringed.

The bearer of Mr. Ellicott's despatches informs me, that before he left the Natchez they had heard that two gunboats were preparing at New Orleans to bring up reinforcements; and since his arrival I have received infor mation which, connected with this detail of facts, is entitled to belief, that about the tenth of May, three large boats, full of troops, besides a party by land, set off from New Orleans for the Natchez. It was added, for the purpose of driving off the continental troops that had taken pos'session, agreeebly to the late treaty.

TIMOTHY PICKERING.

June 12, 1797.

I HAVE just received from the Secretary of War, two letters (which I have numbered 22 and 23) dated the 18th of December, 1796, from the officer of his catholick majesty commanding the post at New Madrid,—one addressed to the late general Wayne, and the other to lieutenant Taylor, whom the general sent thither with letters to obtain information relative to the delivery of the post occupied by his catholick majesty's troops within the territory of the United States; by which it appears, that the evacuation of those posts was at that time proposed to be de ferred, merely because the water of the Mississippi was so low as to render the transport of artillery, &c. very difficult, and the navigation dangerous.

VOL. III.

TIMOTHY PICKERING,

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