is necessarily no longer that consent of parts required to maintain an argument. The head is confused, ort he ideas heterogenious. Hence, the disjointed conversation of the lunatic. You may talk on many subjects to a lunatic, and he will discourse rationally; but if you touch a certain point, or mention a particular subject, you discover the mental alienation. This amounts to nothing more than our not treading upon the painful toe, while we are trampling upon the others without corns. It is this that makes superficial observers often times suppose, that some persons are unnecessarily confined. There is a lameness of mind as well as of body, and insanity is nothing more than the lameness of some organ of the brain. I do not think that there is any thing like Craniology in my conjectures. Gall and Spurzeim profess to tell the faculties by the hills and valleys of the skull.

COPY OF A LETTER SENT TO THE KING, WINDSOR CASTLE.

SIR,

Dorchester Gaol, Sept. 5, 1825. THE whole history of mankind is a history of physical conquests; and this is one proof, that there is no superhuman intelligence to regulate their actions. To talk of a God of Battles, is to talk of a monster; and yet this is a very common phrase with priests and with religious fighting men. The last report of the Naval and Military Bible Society abounds with such phrases, issuing from the mouths of professed fighting men, Your gallant brother, the "Hero of Helder," whom I really believe to be no hypocrite, has been all but persecuted into an order, as Commander in Chief of the Army, that every soldier shall be furnished with a Bible, to increase the weight of his knapsack, as a constant part of his warlike accoutrements! so that, I sume, that when you next make war upon the French, Dutch, or Spaniards, your soldiers are to go with the Bible in one hand and the bayonet and musket in the other. Or is this Bible to be pushed down the throats of we who are its opponents, by and bye, at the point of a bayonet, or sent into us, by the Holy Ghost, as a cloven fiery tongue, in the shape of covers for ball cartridges? A religious soldiery

pre

ever were and ever will be the most cruel and detestable of all armed ruffians and assassins; because they have another spur beside their shilling a day, to fight upon. The ignorant and furious Christians begin to cry out for this religious soldiery; for, from the Bible, they learn nothing but war. They have it in history and in prophecy, in miracle and in mystery, throughout the sacred volume."

All the monarchies throughout Europe, Asia and Africa, to say the best for the best of them, are but refined relics of rapine and conquest. There is not a moral goverment in those three quarters of the globe. The grand object of the moral politician should be, and is beginning to be, to proceed in improving mankind by moral conquests. This is what infidelity means; this is what blasphemy means; this is what modern sedition means. I declare, that I have no object beyond this moral improvement of mankind, making self the centre of the circle, or, to be more explicit, studying to make that happiness and improvement begin with self.

This moral power, that is to accomplish these moral conquests, is the pivot of my thoughts; and you would be so much the more a happy man, if you were to follow my advice and my plan. I am thoroughly happy under the longest imprisonment, by the sentence of a court, that is recorded in the annals of this country, and this too for the crime of using this moral power against your physical power!

I am, Sir,
Your prisoner,

RICHARD CARLILE.

COPY OF A LETTER SENT TO THE KING, WINDSOR CASTLE.

SIR,

Dorchester Gaol, Sept. 14th, 1825. IT is an old and correct maxim; that proffered advice is never welcome, and, as some apology for my intrusions, I have to say, that I should not write, if I could not print. Instruction is good to all, through whatever medium it may come: and there are still those so badly educated as to think, that letters addressed to a king must be of more importance than

the same instruction addressed to a labouring man; though, I confess, that I have no such notion; but hold the labouring man to be greater, in every point of national welfare, than the king. There are two classes of what may be termed good writers, they who write to give instruction, and they who write to yield nothing but amusement. The first can alone be considered politically useful; the last can only thrive among an ignorant and vacantly minded people. They who read for instruction find but little pleasure in that which is written for amusement. And they, ou the other hand, who read for amusement, find but little pleasure in that which is written for instruction. As the desire for knowledge increases, novels and all mere illusive writings will lose their market: and well too; for there is not a more insipid and vapid class of beings in existence than they who are to be enchanted with the present state of novel writing. They have no solid knowledge on any point, and they are amused with such writings from their want of knowledge, from the absence of a desire for improvement in knowledge that can be applied to advance their condition and happiness in life.

My conclusion is to be a piece of that unwelcome advice, that, as far as you can, you should encourage those writings which are written for instruction, in the spirit of free and fair discussion, before, or to the exclusion of those which are written for mere momentary amusement.

I am, Sir, Your prisoner,

RICHARD CARLILE.

TO MR. R. CARLILE, DORCHESTER GAOL.

WORTHY CITIZEN,

Bolton, September 4th, 1825. IF you think the following letter, worthy of insertion in your valuable publication, you will much oblige

Your sincere admirer,

JOHN CAMERON.

TO THE REVEREND GEORGE HARRIS, UNITARIAN PARSON, BOLTON.

SIR,

Bolton, December 20th, 1824.

IN the course of your Lecture last evening, you boldly and

ostentatiously-asserted, that "all nature proved the existence of a God." Now, Sir, if I were to put the question to you, as to what you mean by the word God, what kind of answer would you give me? Perhaps, you would tell me, as I have been often told, that God is a spirit. It unfortunately happens, that I am as ignorant of the word spirit, as I am of the word God. It would only be a shifting of me from one difficulty to another as great. You assert, that God is infinite. The materialist can demonstrate that matter is infinite or that nothing can be so. Now, Sir, your's is only assertion, while that of the Materialist is demonstration; one of the two must be wrong; because two infinities cannot exist. Let us suppose, for the sake of an argument, that the Materialist is wrong, in his demonstration of the Infinity of matter. We all know that matter does exist, and this very ́existence of matter at once proves, that your God is not Infiuite; for this obvious reason, two bodies cannot occupy one part of space, at one and the same time. To come more closely to the point. If Christianity, or any other kind of Theism, be the result of knowledge; it must evidently follow, that Atheism is the result of ignorance. This being the case, how does it happen, that the wise and learned Christian or Theist does not instruct the foolish and ignorant Atheist. Knowledge is a property that can be communicated from one individual to another, and that individual who communicates his knowledge to his fellow man, loses nothing of that knowledge of which he was previously possessed. If you, Mr. Harris, have any knowledge of a God, or of a Son of God, be so kind as to communicate your knowledge of them to me, and I will instantly give up my present opinions; but if you cannot do this, or will not do this, I must still remain ignorant of a God, or of a Son of God, and die an Atheist from necessity.

Your Lecture for next Sunday evening is to be on the evidences of the Christian Religion. Now, Sir, bear in mind, that there is a negative put on the existence of Jesus Christ, and the whole story declared to be without foundation. If you cannot prove the affirmative, and that too, from contemporary historical writers, that such a person as Jesus did exist, the whole of your other evidences, will not weigh a feather in the scale, except with those persons, that are determined to be the dupes of their own credulity. I will admit for the sake of another argument, that you can prove Jesus to have existed. After this admission, what mode or plan will you take to prove that he ascended into

heaven? It is not from the New Testament that you will be able to prove this; for no one individual, who is said to have seen it, makes the least mention of such a circumstance. If these persons, who are said to have written the life of Jesus, and who are likewise said to have been eyewitnesses of his assension; if they are entirely silent on the subject; I would ask, where, in the name of common sense, are we to get our information? Surely it cannot be from those persons, who, are confessedly said not to have seen it. If you can remove all or any of these difficulties, you will receive the hearty thanks of

Your's &c.

JOHN CAMERON.

TO MR. CARLILE.

I went to hear Mr. Harris deliver his Lecture for the purpose of taking Notes of any particular evidences he might adduce in favour of Christianity; but I will leave you to judge, how I was both chagrined and disappointed, when I heard him announce from the pulpit, that the Lecture was to be on the evidences of the establishment of Christianity, and that only! Surely, Mr. Harris must have been aware, that it could require no other proof that Christianity had been established, than the fact, that he was well paid for preaching it.

I have long wished to take an active part in the expulsion from this country of that Hydra-headed Monster, yclept Christianity. If I be not mistaken in my calculations, I shall be able to commence my career on the first of January: 1826. I think I see you smile and say to yourself: well, what does this fellow mean by the word career? If you will have a little patience, I will tell you. I find, by consulting my Lexicography, that, amongst a variety of other significations, it signifies a course of action: Well, the course of action that I mean to pursue is, to commence dealing in "BLASPHEMY" and to expose your publications for open sale in every market town in Lancashire, or any part of England, that I can conveniently reach. Your's in civic esteem,

JOHN CAMERON.