PROCEEDINGS

OF

The American Association

FOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE,

FIFTY-EIGHTH MEETING

HELD AT

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ·

DECEMBER, 1907,-JANUARY, 1908.

PUBLISHED BY THE PERMANENT SECRETARY,

190 8.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
LIBRARY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

EDITED BY

L. O. HOWARD,

Permanent Secretary.

PRESS OF GIBSON BROS. WASHINGTON, D. c.

CONTENTS.

Officers of the Chicago Meeting

Members of Council of the Chicago Meeting

Local Committee of the Chicago Meeting .

Local Executive Committee of the Chicago Meeting

Special Committees of the Association

Meetings and Officers of the Association of American Geolo-

gists and Naturalists

List of Meetings of the Association

Officers of the Meetings of the Association

Act of Incorporation

Constitution.

Members of the Association:

Surviving Founders

Patrons

Honorary Fellows

Members and Fellows

Incorporated Scientific Bodies

Deceased Members

IN GENERAL SESSION.

ADDRESS OF WILLIAM HENRY WELCH, M. D., THE RETIRING

PAGE.

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236

ADDRESSES AND PAPERS PRESENTED

SECTION D. MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.

265

Officers of the Chicago Meeting.

PRESIDENT.

E. L. NICHOLS, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

A. Mathematics and Astronomy-E. O. LOVETT, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

B. Physics-D. C. MILLER, Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio.

C. Chemistry-H. P. TALBOT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass.

D. Mechanical Science and Engineering-O. H. LANDRETH, Union College, Schenectady, N. Y.

E. Geology and Geography—J. P. IDDINGS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

F. Zoology-E. B. WILSON, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. G. Botany-C. E. BESSEY, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. H. Anthropology and Psychology-FRANZ BOAS, Franklin Ave.,

Grantwood, N. J.

I. Social and Economic Science—JOHN FRANKLIN CROWELL, care of Wall Street Journal, New York, N. Y.

K. Physiology and Experimental Medicine-LUDVIG HEKTOEN, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

L. Education-ELMER ELLSWORTH BROWN, Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C.

PERMANENT SECRETARY.

L. O. HOWARD, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

GENERAL SECRETARY.

F. W. MCNAIR, Michigan School of Mines, Houghton, Mich.

SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL.

WILLIAM HARPER DAVIS, Lehigh University, So. Bethlehem, Pa.