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passed a River Called black River ye first night that he Crossed White River Several times and for want of a canooe he travel'd by otter Creek that in General the travelling was good that he could not tell how high the Emminence of Crown Point was but that the Citadle is the opposite side & before (.) ye breastwork was Raised Shot would strike ye Door of ye Citadel from ye Emminence & the wall of the fort is twelve feet high & twelve feet thick & then abreast work about Two foot thickness (the) heights & ye Cannon are planted nearly alike Round the fort Excepting on part of ye north Square where ye barracks are (&) that there is no out works (&) that he apprehends the Citadel is not tenable against proper battering pieces and that the place of unloading their vessell from the fort is about Sixty Rod & the Emminence is a hundred Rod from ye place of unloading & before ye vessell Can be Covered by ye fort She must be Exposed to a fire from ye Emminence & that ye powder house Stores exposed to ye Emminence that there is no no well in ye fort that ye Store house is next to the Emminence that there is but one outer Gate & that has a Drawbridge before it & a Gate within that, which may be drawn up (&) drop'd down as occasion Requires that there is no (?,3 in ye fort & but one vessel in ye lake1 which is about 70 tons without guns & that from Crown Point he went to S Johns Fort at the other end of ye Lake and from there to Champlain River5 & that from S Johns Fort to St Francis is about fifty miles near north & from S Francis to S Lawrence6

Wells River, thence up that stream to its source in the Green Mountains, and through a gap in the highlands to the headwaters of the French now Lamoile River, after which a comparatively easy way was found to their destination. A third route, more broken than either of the others, was taken usually by the In. dians visiting the Merrimack valley as fr south as Dunstable. This followed the Merrimack and Pemegiwassett and Baker's Rivers to the dividing ridge between the valleys.. Thence by a "carrying-place," and small stream to the Connecticut, up that river to where is now the town of Dalton, thence striking across the western and northern country by small streams and lakes to the head of Lake Memphremagog, and down that body of water and outlet to the St. Francis River. Did they wish to keep on to Quebec the course was then down the St. Lawrence. 3. This word is written so poorly as not to be deciphered with any certainty. 4, Lake Champlain was called by the early French writers Mer des Iroquois, and Lacus Irocoisionsis. — Jesuit Relations. Winthrop, in 1666, referred to it as Lake Hiracoies. Winsor, Vol. IV p. 391.

5. Richelieu River.

6. So named by Jacques Cartier, in 1535, but frequently called by early writers

is about five miles & that ye Rout between S Johns and S Francis there are two Kows of houses one on each side ye River in the whole about two hundred in some places pretty thick & a fort at Chamblain as Strong as Crown Point & that the whole village of S Francis Stands on an rise of Ground Mountains near fourty buildings of all Sorts that there is no fort in it but some stone houses and buildings no considerable Settlements within fifteen miles of St Francis neither did he hear of any & he apprehended there is no settlement near than Tres Riveres which is about fifteen miles from St Francis and that there is of St Francis & Shatacooks about one hundred & Twenty fighting men that St Francis Lyes on ye north side the River of that Name & her three great Guns not mounted which they fire on Some occasion that there is young woods about the Town on ye East & north sides & that he apprehends the Distance to Mount Royal from St Francis about fifty miles Southwest Southerly & that M Royal is Walled all Round about twelve feet high about Same thickness of Crown Point & and as is about as big as Charlestown that the Town is built Long & narrow and has many Gates to it that there are on that Island four or five hundred houses Twenty seven Cannon & two mortars all planted on a little hill within the walls and that he saw about Twenty vessels in Quebeck River at one time which were

"The Great River," "The River of the Great Bay." In an account of his second voyage Cartier styled it le grand fleuve de Hochelaga, It was also sometimes called the "The River Canada." This word seems to have come from the Iroquois vocabulary, and meant "Land of the Lakes." The Indians in the vicinity of Quebec - Kebec - were called Canadis, by the, French, or Canadacoa, in their own tongue, which became Canadian with the French, and was applied to the people of the valley of the St. Lawrence. The Indian name probably meant People living near the water." This might mean both river and lake. The St. Lawrence was also known as the "river Saque." Quebec is the site of an Indian town known as Stadonica, and the word as accepted by the French was variously spelled as Kebec, Kebek, Quebeck, Quebec. The native word signified in that dialect "The narrowing of the water."

7. Richelieu River.

8. The history of St. Francis was a stormy one. It became the most noted mission in New France, as well as the strongest, until it was raided and laid in ruins by Major Rogers and his Rangers in 1759. But this expedition was not alone disastrous to the red men, who were taken completely by surprise by the whites, for many of the Rangers, as singular as it must seem, lost their way upon their return and perished in the great northern wilderness.

9. An Indian settlement below St. Francis sometimes given as Sagarac.

a kind of Brigantines and that during his Tarrying at St Francis which was about three weeks the French carried meat at most Every day & Distributed it among the Indians and as they took no account of it nore made any Reconing about it he apprehended it Sent from the Government and also he saw five barrels of powder & some balls and Coats which the Indians told him the French gave them and that at Tres Riveres there is a Furnace where they Cast Great Guns & that fourty men were Sent from old France for that purpose. By order

JOHN CHOATE.

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PHOTO BY G. H. TAUBERT.

ENGRAVING BY THE COURTESY CF THE NOVELTY CO., 143 HANOVER ST.

ROCK RIMMON.

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