trict, (2) the probable future population, (3) the present area of the district, (4) the probable future area of the district, (5) the existing private and municipal water supplies, (6) the sources of these supplies, (7) the present consumption of water in gallons per day as averaged over the period of one year and also as expressed in terms of average gallons per day per capita, and (8) the probable future consumption of water expressed in million gallons per day and also in terms of gallons per day per capita.

This subject has had much study in the last few years in connection with the water supply of San Francisco and the east bay cities, and the present report has taken advantage of the records of this study, as published in the reports of the various engineers who have been engaged on the work.

Chief among these reports to which reference is made are those of (1) John R. Freeman, (2) J. H. Dockweiler, (3) Prof. C. D. Marx, (4) the Spring Valley Water Company and (5) H. M. Chittenden.

Other sources of information have been (1) data and statistics obtained from the Railroad Commission of California by Mr. Geo. T. Klink, (2) studies on the east bay water supply by Mr. Geo. B. Sturgeon of Berkeley, (3) data obtained from correspondence with the authorities of the cities and towns in the proposed district, (4) data obtained from the Board of Fire Underwriters, and (5) data obtained by committee members.

The present population of the district has been discussed. From the study of the reports just enumerated, it may be stated that the probable future population of the proposed district will be about 2,000,000 in 1950 and 3,300,000 in the year 2000.

Water Supplies

Of the present companies supplying water, the Spring Valley Water Company on the San Francisco side of the bay and the People's Water Company in the east bay region are the principal corporations. The Spring Valley Water Company secures its supply from the surface waters of the San Francisco peninsula, from Calaveras reservoir, and from ground waters from Sunol and Pleasanton on Alameda creek. The People's Water Company derives its supply from the surface waters of the east bay hills and from ground waters from tunnels and wells in the east bay region.

The amount of water supplied to its consumers for the year 1915 was, for the Spring Valley Water Company, 15,561,780,000 gallons to an estimated population of 500,000. This represents a daily average consumption of 42,600,000 and an average daily consumption per

capita of eighty-five gallons. Consumption from other sources, chiefly wells, will bring the average daily consumption per capita for San Francisco to approximately 100 gallons per day.

For the People's Water Company the similar figures are a total consumption for the year 1915 of 5,861,714,000 gallons, a daily average consumption of 16,000,000 gallons and a daily average consumption per capita of fifty-four gallons. Consumption from other sources will bring the total average daily consumption per capita to eighty-four gallons.

For the other cities and towns of the proposed district not supplied by either of the two companies just mentioned, the average daily consumption per capita runs from sixty-five to over 200 gallons. The supply of these municipalities is generally ground water from wells.

Increasing Consumption

It is the experience of American cities that the water consumption per capita increases with the increase in population, even taking into consideration the effect of a metered supply in reducing the individual's use of water. From a study of the reports mentioned previously, the history of the different American cities, it is probable that the future consumption of water per capita may be taken at 130 gallons per day for the urban and suburban population of the proposed district. This will bring the total future demand for water for the district under consideration in the year 2000 A. D. to 429,000,000 gallons per day.

It is extremely difficult to estimate the maximum future area of the proposed district, as not only will the different cities and towns. increase their incorporated areas, but other municipalities would undoubtedly find it to their advantage to enter the district. A consideration of the problem leads to the conclusion that the probable future area of such a district may be placed at 300,000 acres or an average density of population of eleven per acre.

In presenting the figures of this report, it must be realized that there exists a considerable difference of opinion as to the future population of the bay cities, their probable future demands for water, and particularly the ability of the present sources to supply future demands. With this latter subject the present report does not concern itself.

In treating of the future population and future consumption of water, the reports of the various engineers in general have considered a district of larger area than is contemplated by the plan proposed tonight, so that it has not been possible to use their figures of popula

tion and water demand in toto. The figures given here have been arrived at through consideration of the various rates of growth and water demand and by applying these rates to the limited area embraced within the proposed water district.

The detailed studies on which this summary is based will be found in the full report of the sub-committee, which will be filed with the general report of the section.* (Applause.)

Discussion by the Meeting

Remarks by President Hodghead

THE PRESIDENT: The committee is to be congratulated in presenting this very comprehensive report in a very limited time, leaving full opportunity for discussion by the members and the guests who are present.

I think it would be very difficult to get together a body of citizens of the community better informed on this subject, better qualified to discuss it, than is here tonight, and I believe this is really the initial meeting for the consideration of this general project of coöperation in water supply by the municipalities of the bay region. As the report of this committee and the discussion by the meeting will be published and distributed to all the members and to very many others, it ought to give some direction to the general consideration of the question by the municipalities concerned.

The question is now open for discussion, and we have more than the usual time left in which to hear from the members. I want to warn them, however, that they should confine the discussion to the consideration of this question proposed by the committee. We are not really discussing the sources of water supply. If we go afield on that we will probably not get any definite action by the Club. It is not what the population is or how many gallons it takes to serve a particular community, but it is a question of the advisability of coöperation among the cities about the bay, and how that coöperation can be accomplished.

Now, we have so many members present here who are capable of discussing this that it is difficult to know where to begin, so I hope we will have a very full and free discussion. Will some one open it? I think the chairman said there were a number of the members of the committee here this evening in their initial appearance, and this might be a good opportunity to hear from some of them.

Remarks by Edward F. Adams

MR. ADAMS: I have discovered a good many years ago that it is difficult to start a discussion, but after it is started it is rather difficult to halt it. I will simply open this discussion with the statement: I think the cities ought to coöperate.

THE PRESIDENT: We have the opinion of one member from the floor.

MR. ADAMS: Now, there has been no resolution presented to us for action, but it might be presented in that one simple form. I would

say further that, so far as I know, it is wise for them to coöperate substantially upon the plan that has been proposed by this committee, and I think that is sufficient. If you get the opinion of those here, either for or against, you will reach a conclusion. If there has been no other resolution, I move that it is the sense of those present that the bay cities named in the report should coöperate on the plan outlined here tonight.

SEVERAL MEMBERS: I second the motion.

THE PRESIDENT: The bay cities named in the report, I believe, were twenty in number, more than many of us supposed existed, and if any one has been omitted from that report there is an opportunity now for its citizens to make their city known. There are twenty enumerated here.

Unless someone volunteers to open the discussion, the chair will begin to call names, and I will have no difficulty at all in doing that. Now, we have heard from San Francisco, and the chairman said he was from Berkeley. A number of the citizens of the different cities concerned have been invited to attend the meeting and express their views on the subject, and I see a great many of them here.

Remarks by Frank V. Cornish

MR. CORNISH: I agree with this plan of coöperation, but I do not agree with my friend here on my left who wants to take a vote on it and go home. I do not think it is as simple as that.

I am not quite clear, from the presentation of the report of the committee, what will be done with the present distributing systems. From the presentation here, I take it the plan is to wholesale water. Now, we have a problem on the other side of the bay that no doubt has been discussed by the committee but which has not been brought out here, as to how to acquire these distributing systems. For example, the city of Berkeley might join with San Francisco, but in doing so it would have to have a distributing system, and it could not very well acquire the distributing system now there without interfering with Oakland. Being only a lawyer, I would not undertake to pass an opinion, but I know that is one of the serious problems, and I would like to hear what, if any, means is proposed to get at that side of the question. There is a man here-Mr. Pendleton has gone-who has given a good deal of study to this, and I would like to hear from himMr. Dockweiler.

THE PRESIDENT: We would be very much pleased to hear from Mr. Dockweiler on the subject.