he ascended the river the second time, took with him "a crosse to erect at that point." It is a remarkable fact that on the Simancas map, where the St. George's River trends westward, there is the mark of a cross. What is this cross but the cross to which Rosier refers, and which Waymouth erected as a token of English discovery? Its indication on the map may be regarded as very strong evidence that this part of the Simancas map was taken by King James' surveyor from Waymouth's "perfect Geographicall map."

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It should be added that on the Simancas map Monhegan is designated "I St. George." This was the name given to Monhegan by Waymouth. "The first Iland we fell with," says Rosier, was "named by vs Saint Georges Iland." When Waymouth was anchored north of Monhegan, "From hence," says Rosier, "we might discerne the maine land from the west-south-west to the east-north-east, and a great way (as it then seemed, and as we after found it) up into the maine we might discerne very high mountaines." In the direction given mountains are indicated on the Simancas map.

This Simancas map of 1610 may have an equally important bearing upon other historical discussions pertaining to the beginnings of our American history. It was a copy, as Velasco testifies, and it is not a little strange that the original in England should have disappeared so long ago that the memory of it had perished. Its discovery at Simancas at this late day is one over which we may well rejoice out of full hearts; and it cannot fail to have an important place in the cartography of the American coast in the seventeenth century.

SETTLEMENTS IN MAINE AFTER THE

PENOBSCOT EXPEDITION.

FROM MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES, VOL. 185, PAGE 359.

Petition of Inhabitants of Lincoln Co. to Gen'l Court.

dated Boston, Oct. 1st, 1779.

EXTRACTS "The failure of the late expedition to Penobscot has already laid desolate a number of very hopeful settlements in these parts: the inhabitants, men and women, having fled through the wilderness to the western parts of the state, leaving behind them their stock, provisions, crops and all they had; many of them are already arrived in these parts and know not where to lay their heads, being destitute of money and every resource of supply to their families and must cast themselves on the mercy of the country in general or expect to terminate their present calamities by a miserable death; many more are following them in similar circumstances, and if government does not speedily devise some method for the relief of that ruined people the prospect before them is horrible indeed. Nor is the condition of that part of the people yet remaining near the shores in the county much more comfortable than of those who fled; their prospects of sustenance by the fruits of the earth are now cut off & ended: they were engaged in opposing the common enemy when they should have been attending their grain and hay, and hence great quantities were much damaged and not a little totally perishedof the residue very little now remains after supplying the retreating army & the flying families that followed them, and that little is in jeopardy every hour from the wanton depredations of an insolent and triumphant enemy who avows the design of treating the country as a conquered one and its inhabitants as persons taken in actual rebellion: hence many have been compelled to take an impious and profane oath contrary to their consciences, and then driven in like slaves to work at constructing forts, recovering cannon, etc., for the enemy, and in the meanwhile obliged to find their own supplies and subjected to be cudgelled, kicked and abused by every petty officer VOL. VII.

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set over them. We therefore only beg leave to add that for aught we can see there is the greatest reason to apprehend that what is now suffered by the people near Penobscot will be the common fate of the whole coast of the Counties of Cumberland and Lincoln before the opening of another campaign; the provision already made having hardly a show of intention to defend it; the whole number raised being scarce a man to a mile if equally distributed on the coast and even these are likely to become a grievous burden to the towns that must maintain them, whose stores are utterly inadequate to the wants of their own houses, and without a number of whale boats the troops as already stationed can never be assembled seasonably at any place to answer any great purpose either for offence or defence.

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"A very little reflection on the condition of the country invaded, ravaged, in great part desolated and ruined, may suffice to convince an impartial mind, that it will be utterly impossible for its inhabitants to supply as formerly an equal proportion of the public funds: the valuation by which the late tax bills were regulated cannot be considered as a rule by which to judge of taxable property in that country now when so great a part of it has fallen into the enemy's hands and so much more lost at the late destruction of our fleet.

and from the best judgment we are able to form by a pretty general acquaintance with the County of Lincoln, we declare it our belief that all the money in it would not suffice to pay more than one-half of the tax last assessed upon it.

With the firmest confidence then, we refer to the wisdom of the Hon. Court to judge of the policy of laying farther taxes on the peopeople at this time; as we cannot prognosticate without pain the steps that may be taken by a people in their circumstances, deeming themselves abandoned by government to the fury of an enemy left secure of their triumph in the very heart of their country, neglected in their distress tho' crying for relief to the fathers of the state and driven to desperation by oppressive burdens which neither themselves nor their fathers in their best circumstances were able to bear.

Signed by Sam'l McCobb, James Cargill, Josiah Brewer, Water

man Thomas, Moses Copeland, Jacob Eaton, Agreen Crabtree, John Murray, Sam'l Oakman, Sam'l Howard, Reuben Colburn.

(A petition from Selectmen of Winslow, Vassalboro, Winthrop, and Hallowell was also received Oct. 7, praying to be released from full pay't of tax and stating their inability to meet the demand.)

A Resolve passed Oct. 8th directing the selectmen of towns in Lincoln County to which any inhabitants residing at or near Penobscot had fled, to supply them with necessaries and present their accts. to Gen. Ct. The treasurer of Mass. was directed to stay "execution to the constables of the several towns in the Co. of Lincoln until 3d Wednesday of the next sitting of the Gen. Court."

LETTER OF JOHN ALLAN TO MASSACHUSETTS COUNCIL, FROM ARCHIVES, VOL. 153, PAGE 362.

Indian Encampment, Passamaquoddy, May 28, 1780.

SIR: I have to acquaint the Honorable Board that I arrived here the 23 inst. in consequence of the movement among the Indians occasioned by the invitation of the enemy and the reports propagated among them to the disadvantage of the states.

I have had several conferences with them during the time, do not find them as usual, tho' I have prevailed with them to continue some time longer till further news from the westward. The enemy have received large supplies on St. Johns: a fort is erected about 70 miles up the river where a truck house is fixed: several other persons under government scattered up and down for the purpose of supplying them. Mr. Franklin and the priest is expected every hour, the latter to continue at the fort up the river. The day after my arrival three Indian Expresses from Penobscot arrived with strings of Wampum to the several tribes Eastward with intelligence that 50 Irroquois were thro' in the winter and desired the eastern

Indians to give a final answer of their determination. In the evening, express from St. Johns from the Micmacks and others on the St. Johns where numbers were collecting for the grand conference on that account and to meet the priest and Franklin. No doubt the Britons are at the head of this to create confusion among the Indians. The great advantage the Britons have by the priest and the large and good supplies, put me in the greatest difficulty how to act: add to this I have no instructions or advice what is to be done with the Indians from the westward.

Mr. Parker who had a quantity of the meat for the Indians is taken and carried into Magabigwaduce, we have not one morsel of meat left, consequently nothing but corn and a little butter to use, as we had meat last winter: there are ten bushels of corn a day used among the Indians, while this difficulty is kept up, and for want of meat we are growing short. No provisions have arrived for any white persons, as to the goods they merely scoff at it, as the British goods are so superior: their furs are selling everywhere, particularly beaver, which they sell at St. Johns: other furs to American fishermen who keep rum for the purpose, and my indigent situation (having but six persons) prevents my apprehending and pursuing such to justice. Indeed, the imposition of the American traders is such that it much discourages the Indians, the Britons dealing much fairer and on more honorable terms, which is supported by the British government, and must say from the appearance of things that those who may continue must be actuated from such principles of virtue rarely to be found at this day.