Passing East Linton (23) miles) we arrive at DUNBAR (29 miles). (Hotels: St. George, Railway.) Population 3,516. Here a large fishery trade is carried on, especially in the herring season. The ruins of the Grey Friars monastery are seen near the town. In the neighbourhood are many fine country seats. At Cockburn's Path (36 miles), is the ancient castle supposed to be the original of Ravenswood of "The Bride of Lammermoor." Proceeding on our way we pass Grant's House (41 miles), Preston Junction (46 miles),(where there is a branch to Dunse, Greenlow and St. Boswell's), AYTOUN (50 miles), where we see the ruins of the old castle, and passing on the left Lamberton, about 3 miles from our destination, famed like Gretna Green for its runaway marriages, we arrive at BERWICKON-TWEED.

(For description of Berwick, see Route 36).

turns off to Peebles, and rejoins the main line at GALASHIELS. Near Dalhousie (9 miles), we cross the South Esk, and observe, to the left, Newbattle Abbey, and on the right, Dalhousie Castle. Passing Gore, bridge (12 miles), we see Crichton Castle on the left, and a short distance on the right, after leaving Fushiebridge (12 miles), is Borthwick Castle. We then cross Tyne Water, near Tynehead (16 miles), and pass, on the right, the eastern extremity of the Moorfoot Hills. Our way now lies for a considerable distance by the side of the Gala Water. We pass Heriot (194 miles), and Fountainhall (22) miles), and reach STOW (363 miles). This was once the residence of the Bishops of St. Andrew. Some distance on the left is Thirlestane Castle. Passing Bowland (293 miles), we arrive soon afterwards at GALASHIELS (33 miles), where a considerable trade is carried on in woollens. (There is a branch from hence to Selkirk (64 miles). We are now in close proximity to ABBOTSFORD. We next pass MELROSE, and observe the ruins of its celebrated Abbey on the left. (See Route 26.) The next station is ST. BOSWELL'S (404 miles), the junction for Kelso, Dunse, and Jedburgh. (The distance to KELSO is 11 miles. Population, 4,500. It is beautifully situated on the Tweed, opposite the junction of the Teviot. Its chief ornament is the Abbey, now in ruins. It was founded by David I. in 1128. The architecture is Saxon, with a mixture of Gothic; the central tower is 90 feet high. At RoxBURGH STATION, 8 miles from St. Boswell's, on the way to Kelso, a branch road extends to JEDBURGH, which is 7 miles from the junction. This town has a population of about 5,500. It was one of the

most noted of the border towns. There are no remains of its castle. THE ABBEY, a large and once magnificent structure, in the form of a cross, was founded by David I. Part of it has been fitted up as a Parish Church. In the lower part of the town is shown a mansion, where Queen Mary was detained by illness for several weeks; her illness having been the consequence of her ride on horseback from Jedburgh to Hermitage Castle 18 miles distant, and back on the same day. She went to visit Bothwell, who was ill.) Leaving Belses (454 miles), we reach Hassendean or Hazeldean (48 miles), renowned by the old song of "Jock o' Hazeldean." On the left is Minto Castle, and the hill called Rubers Law. Shortly after passing HAWICK (53 miles), celebrated for its woollen manufactures, we see, on the right, Brank

some Castle, mentioned in the "Lay of the Last Minstrel." "Nine-and-twenty knights of fame Hung their shields in Branksome Hall." At Stobs (50 miles), we pass, on the left, Stobs Castle, and proceed to Riccarton Junction (66 miles), where the Border Counties Railway turns off to the left for Newcastle. Here we enter Liddesdale, and soon afterwards pass on the right, near Steele Road (694 miles), Hermitage Castle, the property of the Duke of Buccleuch. Queen Mary paid a visit to the Earl of Bothwell when he was owner of this castle. Passing New Castleton (74 miles), we enter England at Kershope Foot (77 miles). Passing some unimportant stations, we join the Carlisle and Dumfries Railway near Longtown (889 miles), and, 9 miles further, arrive at CARLISLE. (See Route 29).

NGLAND (including the Principality of Wales), the southern and most considerable division of Great Britain, is bounded on the north by Scotland, on the south by the English Channel, on the east by the German Ocean, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea (St. George's Channel). It extends 425 miles from Berwick-on-Tweed to the Land's End, and varies in breadth from 62 to 360 miles, comprising

ROWSLEY (FOR CHATS

WORTH) AND BUXTON 187

43. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 188 44. LONDON TO CAMBRIDGE, ELY, NORWICH, AND YARMOUTH

45. LONDON TO HARWICH

(Route to Rotter-
dam).

46. LONDON TO CANTERBURY

192

195

196

AND DOVER 47. LONDON TO FOLKESTONE 199 48. LONDON TO ST. LEO

NARDS AND HASTINGS 199 49. LONDON TO BRIGHTON AND NEWHAVEN.

200

an area of 58,320 square miles. The principal openings on the east are the Humber, the Wash, and the estuary of the Thames; on the west, the Bristol Channel, Swansea and Carmarthen Bays, Milford Bay, Bride's Bay, Cardigan Bay, and St. George's Channel, with the estuaries of the Dee, Mersey, Morecombe Bay, and the Solway Firth; on the south, Southampton Water, Torbay, Plymouth Sound, Falmouth Harbour, and Mount's Bay. Capes: Flamborough Head, Spurn Point, the Naze, Foul