33. Penalty for Disobeying Rules. - Any yacht disobeying or infringing any of these rules, which shall apply to all yachts whether sailing in the same or different races, shall be disqualified from receiving any prize she would otherwise have won, and her owner shall be liable for all damages arising.

Should a flagrant breach of these rules be proved against any yacht, her sailing master may be disqualified by the council for one season from sailing in any race held under the rules of the Yacht Racing Association.

34. Cruising Trim. When yachts are ordered to sail in cruising trim, the following rules are to be strictly observed:

1. No doors, tables, cabin skylights, or other cabin or deck fittings (davits excepted) shall be removed from their places before or during the race.

2. No sails or other gear shall be put into the main cabin in yachts exceeding forty tons.

3. Anchors and chains suitable to the size

of the yacht shall be carried, one at the cathead (or in yachts of forty tons and under, at the usual place on the bow), which anchor shall not be unshackled from the chain before or during the

race.

4. Every yacht exceeding thirty and under seventy tons, shall carry a boat on deck not less than ten feet in length and three feet six inches beam-a yacht of seventy tons and over, her usual cutter and dinghy.

5. No extra hands, except a pilot, beyond the regular crew of the yacht shall be allowed.

In the Appendix the Yacht Racing Associa tion further recommend for the consideration of Sailing Committees :

1. Allowance to Schooners and Yawls.That as mixed races are no satisfactory test of the relative speed of yachts, the different rigs should, whenever practicable, be kept separate; but when mixed races are unavoidable, the following rule shall be observed :

The tonnage of schooners and yawls to be reckoned for time allowance as follows, viz., schooners at three-fifths, and yawls at fourfifths of their actual tonnage; provided that in case of a yawl, her main boom when in its place and parallel to the deck, does not extend more than two-fifths her extreme beam abaft the stern end of her load water-line. In calculating the deduction for difference of rig, the tonnage by certificate to the exact fraction to be used. The time allowances to be calculated from each vessel's reduced tonnage. Schooners and yawls shall not be allowed to enter in classes of forty tons and under at the reduced tonnage.

2. Flying Starts.-That flying starts should be adopted when practicable, but no time should be allowed for delay in starting.

3. No Limit to Race.-That any limit to the time for concluding a race should be avoided as far as possible.

:

Yacht Register.-A book compiled by the we known committee of Lloyd's Society, at th request of yacht owners. Hitherto difficult was experienced in arriving at the age an condition of a yacht, but the Register co tains all the particulars an intending purchas need know. Owners will derive benefit fro having their yachts surveyed and classed Lloyd's, and special facilities now exist f making such surveys and assigning characte The Register contains the following partic lars Names of yachts; official numb number in the Register; signal letters; ri sailmaker's name; registered tonnage, N.M Thames tonnage; dimensions (length, bread and depth); repairs to yacht, and date there nature of repairs; class; materials used her construction; builder's name; date building; port; port of survey; fastenin sheathing; description of engines; build of engines, &c. The first part of the Regi contains the rules and regulations for build for classification. These rules and reg tions relate to wood, iron, and compo yachts; and tables of scantlings, fasteni &c., are given for each, together with a t for anchors, chains, &c., for sailing ya and steam yachts. This part of the bod most valuable, and will be a large hel builders who have little experience of particular work required in a yacht, and as well be found of great use to the r experienced builders. A yacht can be of any material and fastened in almost way an owner or builder may desire, and she can be admitted with a grade into book. Existing yachts can be surveyed, if approved, assigned the A 1 class for teen years, or any other grade, accordin their construction, condition, and age. Register also contains full information the manner of having a survey effected of surveyors and their addresses; li owners and their addresses; list of subscr and their addresses. The offices are Ll

Yawl.-A cutter-rigged vessel with a mizen mast stepped in her counter.

Yellow Flag.-The quarantine or fever flag. Yoke. The lower cap on the masthead. It is cut out of solid wood, and either strengthened by an iron plate over the whole of its top, or an iron band round its entire edge. The cross trees are fitted on the yoke. (See page 119.) A yoke is also the crossbar put on the rudder-head of small boats, to which lines, termed yoke lines, are attached for steering.

Z.

Zig-Zag.-Working to windward.

ON Sept. 1, 1880, the following rules (by Order in Council, held at Osborne, Aug. 14, 1879), will come into force, instead of the rules given on page 549 :

Art. 14. When two sailing ships are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows, viz.: :

(a.) A ship which is running free shall keep out of the way of a ship which is closehauled.

(b.) A ship which is close-hauled on the port

tack shall keep out of the way of a ship which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.

(c.) When both are running free with the wind
on different sides, the ship which has the
wind on the port side shall keep out of
the way of the other.

(d.) When both are running free with the wind
on the same side, the ship which is to
windward shall keep out of the way of
the ship which is to leeward.
(e.) A ship which has the wind aft shall keep
out of the way of the other ship.

Art. 15. If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This Article only applies to cases where ships
are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such
a manner as to involve risk of collision, and
does not apply to two ships which must, if
both keep on their respective courses, pass
clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply are, when
each of the two ships is end on, or nearly
end on, to the other; in other words, the
cases in which, by day, each ship sees the
masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a
line, with her own; and by night, to cases
in which each ship is in such a position as
to see both the side lights of the other.
It does not apply by day to cases in which a
ship sees another ahead crossing her own
course; or by night, to cases where the red
light of one ship is opposed to the red light

of the other, or where the green light of one ship is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.

Art. 16. If two ships under steam are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Art. 17. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship and the other a steamship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steamship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

Art. 18. Every steamship, when approaching another ship so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed or stop and reverse if necessary.

Art. 19. In taking any course authorised or required by these regulations, a steamship underway may indicate that course to any other ship which she has in sight by the following signals on her steam whistle, viz. :

One short blast to mean "I am directing my course to starboard."

Two short blasts to mean "I am directing my course to port."

Three short blasts to mean "I am going full speed astern."

The use of these signals is optional; but if they are used, the course of the ship must be in accordance with the signal made.

Art. 20. Notwithstanding anything contained in a preceding Article, every ship, whether sailing ship or a steamship, overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaker ship.

Art. 21. In narrow channels every steamship shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep t that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such ship.

Art. 22. Where by the above rules one or tw ships is to keep out of the way, the other sha keep her course.

Art. 23. In obeying and construing these rule due regard shall be had to all dangers of naviga tion; and to any special circumstances whic

may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

No SHIP, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, TO NEGLECT PROPER PRECAUTIONS.

Art. 24. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate a ship, or the owner or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any pre

caution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

RESERVATION OF RULES FOR HARBOURS AND INLAND NAVIGATION.

Art. 25. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule, duly made by local authority, relative to the navigation of any harbour, river, or inland navigation.