and have been marked by solid but unobtrusive learning as well as by skilful presentation and attractive style. Mrs. Earle was a woman of many high qualities and of much social charm.

The president and fellows of Harvard University have assigned to Professor Edward Channing the income for 1911 and 1912 of the Woodbury Lowery Fellowship, described in our last issue, page 411.

Professor Charles H. McIlwain of Bowdoin College has been elected to an assistant professorship of history in Harvard University, where his especial field will be the history of English law and institutions.

Dr. Theodore F. Collier, assistant professor in Williams College, has been elected associate professor of modern European history at Brown University, to take next autumn the place of Professor Wilfred H. Munro, who has resigned on account of ill health.

Professor Howard W. Caldwell of the University of Nebraska has been given leave of absence for a year.

GENERAL

The American Year Book: a Record of Events and Progress, 1910 (New York, Appleton, 1911, pp. xx, 867), edited by Dr. S. N. D. North under direction of a supervisory board representing national learned societies, with Professor Albert Bushnell Hart as chairman, appeared in February, and furnishes, in the different fields of statistics, history, politics, economics, industries, the physical and social sciences, a great mass and variety of facts as to status and the year's progress.

Besides the Indianapolis papers of Messrs. Goodwin and Dunn, noted elsewhere, the March number of the History Teacher's Magazine contained an article by Professor Frederick J. Turner upon The Place of the Ohio Valley in American History. The April number contains the article of Professor Charles M. Andrews mentioned in the same connection, a report by Professor Arthur I. Andrews of Simmons College on material for the visualization of history, an article upon historical atlases by Professor Don E. Smith, and one upon historical pictures by Miss Laura Thompson. The May number is expected to contain the Indianapolis papers of Professor Dawson, Professor Hoover, and Miss Riggs, detailed accounts of the work of history in the summer schools of this country, and a description of the historical work at the Oxford Summer School. The June issue will contain a reprint of the illustrated article upon English castles printed in pamphlet form for the (English) Historical Association.

B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, has published the first issue of a new journal (of which there will be six issues annually) bearing the title, Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: Zeitschrift für die Geschichtsunterricht und Staatsbürgerliche Erziehung in allen Schulgattungen, edited by Dr. Fritz Friedrich, and Dr. Paul Ruhlmann. The publisher's introductory statement declares it to be the object of the publication to aid in the

development of "historisch-kritisches Sinnes" and of "eines historisch begründeten Verständnisses der Gegenwart". The editors are engaged in secondary school-work in Leipzig and they apparently aim to make the journal a direct auxiliary in this work.

The house of M. and H. Marcus, Breslau, has undertaken the publication of a collection entitled Historische Untersuchungen, edited by Conrad Cichorius, Georg Kauffman, Franz Kampers, and Georg Fr. Preuss. It will embrace monographs over the whole field of history including economic and Kulturgeschichte, and will begin with a study by Willy Cohn, Die Geschichte der Normannisch-Sicilischen Flotte unter der Regierung Rogers I. and Rogers II. (1060-1154) (Breslau, 1910).

In the Revue de Synthèse Historique for October there is a brief summary by the editor, M. Henri Berr, of the present phase of the controversy between Professor K. Lamprecht and his critics; it is accompanied by a translation of Lamprecht's address on the occasion of his assuming his rectoral functions at the University of Leipzig.

Methuen announces The Republican Tradition in Europe, by H. A. L. Fisher, who covers the field from the fall of the Roman Empire to the establishment of the Republic of Portugal.

G. P. Putnam's Sons have published A Short History of Women's Rights, from the Days of Augustus to the Present Time, with Special Reference to the United States and England, by Eugene A. Hecker; the book is announced as not argumentative.

The naval development and aspirations of modern Germany are reflected in a small volume published by Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig, entitled Sechelden und Admirale, by Vice-Admiral Kirchhoff, being Band 84 in the collection Wissenschaft und Bildung. The author aims to present both the careers of great maritime leaders of all ages and the progress of the art of maritime warfare. The most modern period is represented by Nelson, Farragut, and Tegetthoff.

Volume II. of the second series of the Papers of the American Society of Church History contains papers read at the meetings of December 1908 and 1909: the presidential addresses of Professor Henry E. Jacobs and Professor Francis A. Christie, and other papers, on the Church and Medieval Trades-Unions, by Mr. Edward W. Miller; on Luther and Economic Questions, by Mr. John A. Faulkner; on the Beginnings of the Lutheran Church on Manhattan Island, by Dr. John Nicum; on the Early Dutch Anabaptists, by Mr. Henry E. Dosher, etc.

At the ninth annual meeting of the American Jewish Historical Society, held in Philadelphia on February 12 and 13, important papers were read by Mr. Samuel Oppenheim on the early history of the Jews. in New York, 1664-1734, and on the expulsion of the Jews from Bohemia, 1744-1745, and the action of the Jews of England thereon; by Mr.

Lee M. Friedman on Judah Monis; by Rev. Barnett A. Elzas on the first Reformed Jewish prayer-book in America; by Rev. J. Friedlander on the first Jewish periodical published in this country; and by Mr. Leon Hühner on the Jew in music in America.

The Librairie Beauchesne, Paris, published in 1910 fascicles 3, 4, and 5 of the Dictionnaire Apologétique de la Foi Catholique; the work is being carried on in a large way, and these additions contain such important articles as that by Paul Allard on "Esclavage" and that by Paul Fournier on "Fausses Décrétales".

A marked activity has been shown of late in the field of publication with respect to the Mussulman peoples and movements. A. Picard, Paris, announces an important addition under the title Encyclopédie de l'Islam, Dictionnaire Géographique, Ethnographique et Biographique des Peuples Musulmans; it is being prepared by a group of Orientalists of various nationalities under the direction of Professors M. Th. Houtsma of the University of Utrecht and R. Basset of the University of Algiers. No such work at present exists. There have been published already six fascicules comprising 384 pages and coming to the word Arabie; the rate of progress will be four fascicules annually, and the work will be complete in fifteen fascicules, making three volumes.

In the Bulletin of the New York Public Library for January a list of works relating to Arabia and the Arabs is begun.

Ph. Lauer furnishes for the Revue Historique for January-February a useful general review of recent (1908-1910) publications on the sciences auxiliary to history.

In the issue for December 10 of La Revue du Mois (Paris) will be found under the title "Le Problème de la Géographie Politique" a brief condensation by Camille Vallaux of his forthcoming publication, Géographie Sociale: le Sol et l'Etat (Paris, O. Doin), a book of considerable interest from the point of view particularly of the relations between history and geography. The author finds a clue to the development and movements of state-building peoples in a differentiation of territories into those marked by comparative uniformity over wide areas, and those exhibiting great contrasts or numerous diversities in comparatively limited space; these latter prove the determining elements in the upbuilding of states, becoming the meeting-ground of different groups and the starting-point for the spread of these diverging groups over the adjacent wider areas of less diversity.

Henry Holt and Company announce The Influences of Geographic Environment, by Ellen Churchill Semple.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: C. H. Hayes, History in the College Course (Educational Review, March); G. v. Below, Kulturgeschichte und Kulturgeschichtliche Unterricht (Historische Zeitschrift, CVI. 1); M. R. Vesnitch, Deux Précurseurs Français du Pacifisme et de l'Arbitrage International (Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique, XXV. 1).

ANCIENT HISTORY

The Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes-Etudes has published as no. 179 a collection of Lettres Néo-babyloniennes edited by Fr. Martin, and containing 112 documents in the original and in translation. They are published after the facsimiles of the cuneiform texts published by the British Museum.

T. Fisher Unwin, London, announces a translation by Marian C. Harrison of Professor Angelo Mosso's recent work, under the title The Dawn of Mediterranean Civilisation; it deals with the stone, copper, and bronze ages with special reference to Italy and the spread of civilization from the valley of the Nile.

Paul Geuthner, Paris, has issued Les Civilisations Préhelléniques dans le Bassin de la Mer Egée: Etudes de Protohistoire Orientale (pp. 370, 1910). This work endeavors to summarize the results of recent excavations especially in Crete, and has developed from courses of lectures given in the École d'Anthropologie at Paris.

A preliminary report on the American excavations at Sardes in Asia Minor, by Professor Howard C. Butler, is printed in the American Journal of Archaeology for October-December, 1910.

In the series Die Kultur der Gegenwart, edited by Professor Paus Hinneberg and published by Teubner, Leipzig, there is announced Staat und Gesellschaft der Griechen und Römer by A. v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff and B. Niese, the former dealing with Greece and the latter with Rome.

The Oxford University Press will issue soon a book by Professor Spenser Wilkinson on Hannibal's March through the Alps, pronouncing for the Col du Clapier.

The eighth revised and enlarged edition of Ludwig Friedländer's Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms is completed with the issue of Bände III. and IV. (Leipzig, Hirzel, 1910).

The firm of D. Nutt will soon issue Monumenta Historica Celtica, a collection of references in classical authors brought together by Mr. W. Dinan.

A. Picard, Paris, has published the first part of the second volume of Joseph Déchelette's Manuel d'Archéologie Préhistorique Celtique et Gallo-romaine, the volume being occupied with the age of bronze.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: G. Bloch, La Plèbe Romaine (Revue Historique, March-April).

EARLY CHURCH HISTORY

The Revue de l'Histoire des Religions for September-October contains the first section of a study by M. Goguel entitled "Juifs et Romains

dans l'Histoire de la Passion", in which the author investigates the evidence for the ordinary representation (as by Mommsen) of the part played in the drama respectively by Jews and by Romans. This should be considered in connection with the volume published in Paris in 1909 by Picard, Une Province Procuratorienne au Début de l'Empire Romain: Le Procès de Jésus-Christ, by Henri Regnault.

Professor Deissmann's Licht von Osten, published in 1908, is issued by Hodder and Stoughton, London, under the title Light from the Ancient East; the New Testament illustrated by recently discovered Texts of the Graeco-Roman World, the translation being by L. R. M. Stratton, a former colleague of the author. The special contribution of the author to New Testament interpretation has been described as being "his proof that the Greek is essentially the lingua franca of the Roman Empire, accessible to us now in the non-literary papyri and ostraca of Egypt, and to a rather less degree in the inscriptions of the Hellenistic period", an idea originally set forth in Professor Deissmann's earlier studies and more fully elaborated here on the basis of recently discovered material.

Hinrichs, Leipzig, have published Entstehung und Entwickelung der Kirchenverfassung und des Kirchenrechts in den zwei ersten Jahrhunderten, by Adolf Harnack (1910, pp. xi, 252). This is for the most part only a slightly changed reprint of Harnack's treatment of the subject. in Hauck's Theologische Realencyklopädie, but there has been added an attack upon R. Sohm's diverging views.

Comm. Orazio Marucchi, in his Epigrafia Cristiana: Trattato Elementare con una Silloge di Antiche Iscrizioni Cristiane principalmente di Roma (Milan, Hoepli, 1910, pp. 453), endeavors to present the student with an adequate general treatise and adds the text of nearly five hundred inscriptions, classified and annotated.

Dr. A. J. Maclean's The Ancient Church Orders and the late Bishop Dowden's The Church Year and Calendar (Cambridge, University Press, 1910, pp. 181, 160) are excellent brief historical manuals opening the series entitled The Cambridge Handbooks of Liturgical Study.

A work of high importance by an eminent scholar long occupied with the subject is the archimandrite Chrysostomos Papadopoulos's 'IσTopía τῆς Ἐκκλησίας Ιεροσολύμων (Alexandria, printing-office of the Greek patriarchate, 1910, pp. xxxii, 812), covering all periods and aspects of the theme.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: C. Callewaert, La Méthode dans la Recherche de la Base Juridique des Premières Persécutions, I. (Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique, January); P. J. Healy, Historic Christianity and the Social Question (Catholic University Bulletin, January); id., Social and Economic Questions in the Early Church (ibid., February); id., The Social Value of Asceticism (ibid., March).