this province have never betrothed there allegiance. Nor it never has been demanded of them by his Britannic Majesty. the fertility of your Soil and healt[h]iness of the Climate are well Known from history, and converse With those Who have travelled and resided there. We have seen many letters from the Acadians to their Countrymen, pressing them to speed themselves to partake of their good fortune in that fruitfull region. as they could not have been a Sufficient time in the Country, to render an account of it, and in general, but illiterate people not great confidence could be reposed in their relations; in many essential particulars they are very much Wanting. first how they are served or the natives in the Country, With priest or Missionars; New Orleans, we Know, does not Want them. are the seculars or What religious orders are among you. we Know, since his Catholic Majestys late orders no jesuits reside in his Extensive dominions. your Excellency, May be assured, there are hundreds of roman Catholic familys here, to whom the advantages granted to the Acadiens Who are gone among you Would be a great blessing to them; but men of property and fortunes must Know before they dispose of their estates here on What terms they can acquire an equivalent among you wch is not to be attained to by any other method, we can devise, than by your Excellencys information, so as to leave no further doubts among Us. you can not Expect, on such a treaty, any person to appear authorised With a public Caracther because it relates solely to the roman Catholics, Who Can not represent or serve, in any office under the British government. secondly tho the constitution does not impede his Subjects from migrating to any part of the globe Sound policy dictates to her as to all other nations, to encourage an encrease rather than decrease of their inhabitants.

I am your Excellencys most humble and obedient Servant,

P. S.

HENRY JERNINGHAM, m Doctor and Eques Anglicanus.

Your Subscribers father Was first Cousin of the present dutchess of Norfolk the 1st dutchess in Britain.

I am related to many of the prime nobility, roman Catholic in England

My Eldest Brother died a Jesuit at Rome.

My younger Brother Charles is now Lieutenant Colonel in Regimen[t] de Stampech Cuirassiers pour le servise de son imp. Ré d'hongrie.

Hugo still younger a recollect at douay in french flanders.

three Sisters ann Elizabeth and Edwardina now living all religious at the augustins' nuns at bruges, in the Austrians netherlands.

My uncle Sir george Jerningham Knight and Baronet now Living, was in a public Caracther at the Court of Charles 12. King of Suede. his son lately marryed my lord dillons daughter and his youngest son is a lieutenant Colonel in the service of his C[h]ristian Majesty.

I have a wife and seven Children.

II. JERNINGHAM TO ULLOA.

May it please your Excellency.

Sir:

If I presume to trouble you since my answer, to your 31 of July dated New Orleans 1767, it is to acquaint your Excellency that the That is, by members of any religious order.

bearer James Walker, is sent by his neighbours, to your Excellency to receive your information relating to the subject I have been Writing to you about in my letter of the 2d may 67, and nov. the same year, also in his own name, and that of his neighbours, begs your Excellencys permission to travel in the Country, and assistance of passports necessary therefore, that he may be able thereby to get information, and intelligence of the soil and Civil government in order at his return to satisfy his friends and neighbours, Who are desirous to settle among you. this same James Walker is a plebeyan and mechanic. his father and mother were Roman Catholics, and dyed in that faith. he was Christened in the same communion and has behaved as a good C[h]ristian, and moral man, Witn the Esteem of his neighbours, and those Who are acquainted With him; he possess [es] lands in freehold here, nor has he any other Views or intentions in his Expedition, but to enable himself at his return to render agreeable accounts to his friends, relations, and neighbours, that may encourage them to undertake the same voyage With their familys. he proposes With your Excellencys permission to remain some months, under your governmant, to see the produce of the soil, at the different seasons, the manners and Customs of the people, their Way of living, and how the Laws are executed, Questions every reasonable and thinking person Will be enquisitive about at his return.

I am your Excellencys most obedient and humble servant.

HENRY JERNINGHAM. m. D et eques Anglicanus.

December 14th 1767.

III. ULLOA TO THE MARQUIS OF GRIMALDI.

Don Antonio de Ulloa.

5

NUEVO ORLEANS II. de Febrero de 1768.

Noticias de los Catholicos de Mariland que quieren venirse á la Colonia.

Número 2.

Excelentisimo Señor.

Mui Señor mio: Los Catolicos de Marilanda aviendo recivido la respuesta anonima que les hize en 31 de Julio último: de que remiti copia á Vuestra Excelencia an buelto á escribirme con los Acadianos recien llegados: y por las copias de las dos cartas que hé recivido de ellos y paso á Vuestra Excelencia se impondrá ampliamente en los terminos en que lo hacen: siendo signa[da]s, de que las haga reconocer.

Tambien verá Vuestra Excelencia que an embiado un sujeto de su confianza, de los mismos que pretenden venir á estableserse, para que se imponga en las circunstancias y seguridades que desean tener, como asi 5 Minister of State.

"Have again written me through the recently arrived Acadians." From January to May 13, 1765, about 650 Acadians arrived at New Orleans and were sent to form the settlements of Attakapas and Opelousas. In February, 1766, another band of 216 arrived in Louisiana and were authorized to settle along both sides of the Mississippi, from the German Coast as far as Baton Rouge, and even as high as Pointe Coupée. Acadians had, however, been sent to Maryland as early as 1755 and 1756, and it was through some of these who migrated to Louisiana that Jerningham entered into communication with Ulloa. See Gayarré, History of Louisiana, II. 122, 132; and J. T. Scharf, History of Maryland (Baltimore, 1879), pp. 473-479. See also Professor Alcée Fortier's article on the Acadians of Louisiana in his Louisiana Studies (New Orleans, 1894), pp. 148-197.

mismo en la disposicion de las Tierras, y proporciones de ellas para venirlas á Poblar, abandonando alla sus poseciones y combeniencias que tienen.

Como este asunto toma ya alguna formalidad: y para condesender en el reconocimiento del Pais que há de hacer el Emisario se necesita alguna seguridad: hé tomado Ynformes de los mismos Acadianos: quienes sin descrepancia me confirman quanto dice la carta: esplicando que estas familias catholicas son las que fueron espulsadas de Ynglaterra en los tiempos de los alborotos de aquel Reyno sobre religion y en los posteriores á el que conserbandose desde entonces en la Catholica en toda pureza, se hallan oprimidos y despreciados por el Dominio de los Protestantes y que informados de lo bien recibido que há sido los Acadianos, y de estar bien hallados: sean propuesto mudar de domicilio sacrificando por la livertad en el uso de Religión, y estimacion de sus personas, los vienes raises que poseen alli.

Con esta seguridad hé dispuesto que el Emisario Jacobo Walker pase con los mismos Acadianos hasta San Luis,' reconociendo las Poblaciones de los venidos en los dos años pasados, y con particularidad el desaogo y descanso conque se hallan ya los del mes de Julio último.

He dispuesto también que desde San Luis los conduzga una Barca por el Rio Colorado 5 ó 6 jornadas á dentro, hasta el Rio de Cañas para que vea la extensión de tierras con sus buenas proporciones: y bolbiendo á salir al Misisipy, lo lleven por el Estero de Chafalalla á los Opelusas, donde vera otra Población bastante pingue de Acadianos, territorios bién extendidos y Prados donde se pierde la vista. Todo ello bá esplicado mas difusamente en las dos Ynstrucciones de que también remito copias á Vuestra Excelencia.

En esta forma será carta viva este sujeto en quién sus compatriotas hán puesto la confianza, y tendré poco que escribir para responderles á la suya remitiendome á los informes que el les hará.

Puede Vuestra Excelencia considerar que por este medio, si les quadra el Pais, bá de repente á Poblarse la Colonia populosamente con una especie de gente enemiga y [ir] reconciliable á la Ynglesa, por el desprecio y persecución en que les hán tenido; y que tanto quanto el Rey adquiera Vasallos se disminuie los de la Ynglaterra, persuadiendome á que será un torrente de Pobladores el que acudirá aqui en poco tiempo, si empiesan á benir dejando tanto bacio como el que aqui llenaren, en el Pais que abandonan: pues si Marilanda ofrece muchas mas de mil familias quantas serán las que darán las otras Provincias contiguas, al exemplo de las primeras: De lo que resultará de este reconocimiento avisaré á Vuestra Excelencia en primera ocasion.

Nada ay ya que hacer en esta matheria más que dejarlas venir, si se determinan á ello; pues si sucediere que llegue el sucesor que deseo, y hé suplicado á Vuestra Excelencia, quedará impuesto en los parages y

This, of course, is the trading post of St. Louis des Illinois, the modern St. Louis, which had been founded only a few years before.

The Red River of Louisiana.

There is a Cane River on some of the old maps of Louisiana, in the old Opelousas district, but it flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico. This is evidently the Spanish name of one of the rivers that unites with the Red River at some little distance from the Mississippi-perhaps the Black or Ouachita.

10 The Atchafalaya Bayou, the most northern of the mouths of the Mississippi, which has at times threatened to divert the water from the main part of the river.

modo como deve colocarlos que sean útiles á S. M. y al acresentamiento de la Colonia, y en el de manejarse para lo subsesibo sobre el mismo asunto; sin que de ello se siga ninguna mala resulta con la Corte de Ynglaterra: Yo propio dejare escrito antes de ausentarme á aquellos Catholicos; afiansandoles en la confianza que devan tener con el sugeto que governare aqui; y les daré conducto para que me escriban á España en caso de que lo necesiten. Esto digo á Vuestra Excelencia para que no tenga desconfianza de que se malogre lo adelantado estribando solo en que se sigan las sendas que quedan ya trilladas.

Ofresco mi obediencia [á] las ordenes de Vuestra Excelencia con la más rendida voluntad y ruego á Dios le guarde la vida muchos años que deseo.

NUEBO ORLEANS y Febrero II de 1768.

Excelentisimo Señor,

Beso la Mano de Vuestra Excelencia

su mas seguro y fido servidor,

D. ANTONIO DE ULLOA (rubric). [Addressed: "Excelentisimo Señor Marques de Grimaldi ".]

3. Letters of William T. Barry, 1806-1810, 1829–1831. FOR the following letters and extracts from letters we are indebted to Professor Isaac J. Cox. They are derived from a book of copies of letters of William T. Barry, Postmaster-General under Jackson, 1829-1835, now in the possession of Mrs. Walton C. Hill, of Newport, Kentucky. The first two were addressed to his oldest brother, John Barry. The third is an autobiographical fragment in a letter ostensibly addressed to his infant son. The remainder were written to his daughter, Mrs. Susan Taylor of Newport, Kentucky. Barry was born in Virginia in 1785, was graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1807, represented Kentucky in the House of Representatives in 1810-1811 and in the Senate in 18151816, and held high judicial office in his state. When appointed Postmaster-General in March, 1829, he had lately been defeated as Jackson candidate for governor of Kentucky. It is familiar that he was the first Postmaster-General to be admitted to a seat in the Cabinet. Resigning in 1835 to become minister to Spain, after an unsuccessful administration of the Post-Office Department, he died on his way to that country. His letters, mostly occupied with family matters, reveal an affectionate nature, expressing itself conventionally but warmly, an anxious desire to improve by self-education, and a mind of but ordinary capacity. The letters and extracts selected for publication, while they contain nothing of importance that is wholly new, cast an interesting light on two important political episodes. During the last part of his public service Barry felt considerably embittered against those who surrounded Jackson and,

as he thought, used the latter for selfish purposes; but he retained. still a great admiration for his hero.

Dear Brother:

I. WILLIAM T. BARRY TO JOHN BARRY.

LEXINGTON, December 6th, 1806.

I have received yours of the 19th Ultimo, written in Pittsburg. Its contents astonished me much, but I was not surprised to find that S.' is the confidential friend of B. . . .2

2

He is a young man of striking character. His passage thro' life has been marked with uncommon incidents. I felt a great regard for him, and feel glad he went off, least he should have gained too much on me. But give my compliments to him if you see him. We differ in our political views, but I regard him as a man of honour and a gentleman. The times appear big with events. B. . . . and his party are worthy of much attention. They ought to be watched. The Executive of the U. S. must be greatly embarrassed. Tom's Philosophy will not do in these calamitous times; as Randolph observed, it is necessary to have a little energy. J. Davis' has renewed the prosecution against B.. will terminate I can't say.

He has also indicted Genl. Adair for the same or a similar offense. A few days will ascertain the result. Sebastian is completely disgraced. It is proven incontestably that he has for some years received a Pension of $2000 per annum. The Legislature is in a great ferment and talk of unmaking two more of the Judges of the Court of Appeals, viz., Muter and Wallace; if they do not resign, I conjecture they will be removed. Thos. Todd, one of their brother Judges, is anxious now for their removal, and says that in consequence of their imbecility all the duties of the court devolve on him. The confession of Judge Innis, who was called on as a witness against Sebastian, has astonished the country and established beyond doubt the existence of a former Spanish Association. When he produced the evidences of it, it was done with much reluctance; he cried like a child, was attacked with a Vertigo that night, and was under the necessity of being bled twice. Thus it is that weak men, innocently inclined, when entrapped by the arts of the ingenious and intriguing, feel ashamed and abashed at the development of their own folly. Like a pendulum, oscillating from virtue to vice, one half of his life spent in sinning and the other in repentance. The enemies to the N. World' literally know not what to do or say. Wm. Little has just completed a pamphlet of more than a hundred pages, in order to prove that no Spanish Association was ever formed. Its object was to exculpate John Brown and Sebastian, etc. The very evening it came from the press in Frankfort, Sebastian gave the lie to it, by a full and open confession. This at a single blow overturned the fine fabric of the Apostle's missionary construction. Old Bradford, etc., had spoken Perhaps Senator John Smith of Ohio.

1

2 Burr. The letter was written the day after the grand jury at Frankfort dis

charged Burr.

3 'Joseph H. Daveiss, the Federalist district attorney.

New World, meaning the Western World, Wood and Street's newspaper.

• William Littell, Political Transactions in and concerning Kentucky (Frank

fort, 1806).

8 John Bradford of the Kentucke Gazette.