tended particularly for use in the liturgical services) is distinguished by invariably following the order of the liturgical year instead of that of the calendar, as well as by being briefer. The differences between the two classes of collections, however, gradually diminished especially through a tendency to abridge the légendiers. That of Pierre Calo seems to belong to the second quarter of the fourteenth century; it contains 863 notices of saints, of very varying extent, only about fifteen of which have hitherto been published.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: J. Flamion, Les Actes Apocryphes de Pierre (Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique, April); A. Harnack, Das ursprungliche Motiv der Abfassung von Martyrer- und Heilungsakten in der Kirche (Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften, 1910, 6, 7); W. Thimme, Grundlinien der geistigen Entwickelung Augustins (Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, May).

MEDIEVAL HISTORY

An interesting and as yet but slightly investigated subject is dealt with in a recent issue (heft XIII.) of Abhandlungen zur mittleren und neueren Geschichte by M. Maria Schalz, under the title Die Lehre von der Historischen Methode bei den Geschichtsschreibern des Mittelalters, VI.—XIII. J. (Berlin, Rothschild, 1909, pp. vi, 143). The author claims for the medieval historians much more historical science (that is to say, a closer accord with present-day tenets) than has usually been attributed to them. There should be considered in connection with this a recent study by B. Schmeidler of Italian historiography in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Italienische Geschichtsschreiber des XII. und XIII. Jahrhunderts (Leipzig, Quelle and Meyer, 1909, pp. viii, 88) in the Leipziger Historische Abhandlungen, XI. This author emphasizes the differences he claims to find between the Italian medieval historians and contemporary ones in other countries, ascribing to the former a desire rather to amuse than to instruct and consequently a greater attention to the personal side.

An interesting contribution to the intellectual history of the medieval period is a Geschichte der scholastischen Methode by Dr. Martin Grabmann, of which volume I., Die scholastiche Methode von ihren ersten Anfängen in der Väterliteratur bis zum Beginn des 12. J., has been published (Freiburg i. B., Herder, 1909, pp. xiii, 354). It is a defense of scholasticism from the standpoint of modern Catholicism.

Two volumes, by Mr. Henry Osborn Taylor, entitled The Mediaeval Mind, dealing with the intellectual and emotional phenomena shown in the literature, philosophy, and life of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, will shortly be issued by the Macmillan Company.

In Professor Walter Goetz's series, Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, the latest hefts, 6 and 7, are

Geschichtsauffassung und Geschichtsschreibung in Deutschland unter dem Einfluss des Humanismus (Leipzig, Teubner, pp. 360), by Paul Joachimsen, and Die Podestàliteratur Italiens im 12. u. 13. Jahrhundert (pp. 86), by Fritz Hertter. Shortly to appear is Die Bettelorden und das religiöse Volksleben Ober- und Mittelitaliens im 13. Jahrhundert, by H. Hefele.

Constable has published A Medieval Garner: Human Documents from the four Centuries preceding the Reformation, selected, translated, and annotated by G. G. Coulton. This editor is already favorably known for work of this kind, and this volume will probably prove a useful addition to the equipment of the teacher of medieval history. All kinds of medieval writings, from six different languages, are represented with the object of presenting daily life.

An important contribution to the history of the Third Crusade is made by Miss Kate Norgate in the English Historical Review for July, in a detailed examination of the relations to one another of the two chief forms in which students have used the main Western narrative, the Itinerarium Peregrinorum and the Song of Ambrose. The study is based on unpublished notes of the late T. A. Archer, and the writer through further research reaches the conclusion that the documents emanate from two close associates in the crusade, but that the former may be regarded as the original or main source.

The Archivium Franciscanum Historicum, begun last year by the Franciscans of Quaracchi near Florence, has justified itself by careful and valuable publication, and shows that the new activity in the order is of scientific quality. P. Sabatier's Collection d'Etudes et de Documents sur l'Histoire Religieuse et Littéraire du Moyen Age has of late included some important new Franciscan material.

There appears in the Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, second series, LXII. (Vienna, A. Holder, 1909), the second volume of the first series of the Correspondence of Pius II., edited by M. Wolkan and comprising the letters of Aeneas Sylvius, 1443-1445. There are 118 documents, 57 being formerly unpublished; they are for the most part official or quasiofficial, written in pursuance of the orders of the emperor or his chancellor.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: B. Hilliger, Schilling und Denar der Lex Salica (Historische Vierteljahrschrift, III. 3); M. Conrat (Cohn), Arbor Iuris des früheren Mittelalters (Abhandlungen der K. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Classe, 1909); F. Lot, La Frontière de la France et de l'Empire sur le Cours Inférieur de l'Escaut du IXe au XIIe Siècle (Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, January-April); L. B. Dibben, Secretaries in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (English Historical Review, July); J. G. Hagen, S. J., Die Fabel von der Kometenbulle (Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, LXXVIII.

MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY

President Andrew D. White publishes this autumn (Century Company) a volume entitled Seven Great Statesmen, dealing with the careers of Sarpi, Grotius, Thomasius, Turgot, Stein, Bismarck, and Cavour.

Some of the leaders in German historical work have naturally been drawn of late into taking part in the discussion of relations with England. In addition to E. Marcks's Einheitlichkeit der Englischen Auslandspolitik seit 1500, noted in the July issue of this journal, Felix Salomon deals, in the Deutsche Rundschau for April, with the EnglishGerman relations since 1870, and the Deutsche Revue for March contains an article by Bernhard Harms on the same subject.

Professor Joseph MacCaffrey of Maynooth Seminary has published a History of the Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century (Dublin, 1909, 2 vols., pp. 1061), the most extended single treatment of the period (1789-1908) from the Roman Catholic point of view yet published. Volume II. is devoted to Great Britain and Ireland, America, and Australia.

The twelfth volume of The Cambridge Modern History, treating the events of the last forty years, will soon be published by the Macmillan Company.

The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs has now published (Paris, Gustave Ficker) the first two volumes (see vol. XV., p. 689) of the long-expected official series of documents entitled Origines Diplomatiques de la Guerre, 1870-1871.

In the Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine for May-August, P. Muret makes an effort to appraise and present the results of the recent discussion between MM. Welschinger and Reinach in the Journal des Débats and the Temps of some new material for the diplomatic history of the declaration of war in 1870, and for the relations later in the year between Prussia and the South German states. The conclusions of M. Muret on the first point seem to be unfavorable to the Gramont-Ollivier ministry, while on the second it is asserted that Bismarck was able to bring an unexpected pressure on the South German politicians in the matter of the completion of German unity because of compromising communications between them and French officials, seized by the Prussians in October at the Chateau de Cerçay. The new material that has called forth this discussion is contained in the following recent publications: Rückblicke v. Freiherr v. Mittnacht, K. Württ. Staatsminister (Stuttgart, 1909); Rückschau des kgl. Württ. Generals d. Inf. und Kriegsministers Albert v. Suckow (Tübingen, 1909); A. v. Ruville, Bayern und die Wiederaufrichtung des Deutschen Reiches (Berlin, 1909); G. Kuntzel, Bismarck u. Bayern in der Zeit der Reichsgründung (Frankfurt, 1909). A German treatment of the matter, in the form of a review of these publications, will be found in the Historische Vierteljahrschrift for June, by Erich Brandenburg.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: P. Richard, Origines et Développement de la Secrétairerie d'État Apostolique, 1417–1823, II. (Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique, July); L. Febvre, L'Humanisme Chrétien, la Renaissance, et l'Église (Revue de Synthèse Historique, April); H. v. Voltelini, Die Naturrechtlichen Lehren und die Reformen des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (Historische Zeitschrift, CV. i); C. Varrentrapp, Briefe an Ranke von älteren und gleichalterigen Deutschen und Französischen Historikern (ibid.); F. C. Roux, La Russie et la Politique Italienne de Napoléon III., I. (Revue Historique, September-October).

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

The Athenaeum of August 6 has an interesting brief article on the Instruments of Manuscript Research, with special reference to English conditions. The writer, in speaking of the difficulties of the investigator in English archives, confesses that English archivists differ from Continental ones"in not being enamored of the art of cataloguing"; a defect which is not helped out by what is delicately referred to as "official reticence" with regard to the furnishing to the enquirer of such inventories as may exist.

The Bulletin of the New York Public Library for June, July, and August contains a list of the works relating to British genealogy and local history, the August, intallment extending to the end of "C" in the alphabetical order of localities.

Father Edmund Hogan, S. J., has lately published (London, Williams and Norgate) a useful guide to Gaelic place-names: Onomasticon Goedelicum Locorum et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae.

Messrs. Nisbet and Company will publish this autumn a small book on the Peerage, by Mr. Geoffrey Ellis, a work considering the legal points where necessary, but mainly historical, discussing such matters as the creation of peerages, the privileges and legislative action of peers, and the procedure in adjudication of claims.

The St. Catherine Press published in July vol. I. of The Complete Peerage, being a revised and enlarged edition by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs (James Nesbit and Company, 1910, pp. 544), embracing "all peerage creations-English, Scottish, and Irish-extant, dormant, and extinct ". Among the collaborators are G. E. Cokayne (Clarenceux king-at-arms and compiler of the first edition), Sir H. M. Lyte, deputy-keeper of the public records, J. Horace Round, and others of equal competence. The work will comprise twelve volumes and will be limited to 1000 sets.

The British Society of Franciscan Studies has published, as its second volume, Fratris Johannis Pecham quondam Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis Tractatus tres de Paupertate, carefully edited by Messrs. C. L. Kingsford, A. G. Little, and F. Tocco (Aberdeen, 1910, pp. viii, 198). The London County Council has published the first volume, 1394

1422, of the Court Rolls of Tooting Beck Manor, with introduction and notes by Mr. G. L. Gomme. To the translated text succeeds an appendix containing earlier rolls of the same manor, possessed by King's College, Cambridge.

The Society of the Middle Temple has published Master Worsley's (eighteenth-century) Book on the History and Constitution of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple (London, Chiswick Press), edited by Mr. Arthur R. Ingpen, who has supplied an introduction of much importance to students of the history of the Inns of Court. A similar value attaches to the two volumes of The Pension-Book of Gray's Inn, 1559-1800 (ibid.), edited by R. J. Fletcher, "pensions" at Gray's Inn being the stated meetings of the Masters of the Bench.

Blackwood's Magazine for September describes a copy, recently discovered in the Lambeth Library, of "An Humble Supplication for Toleration", addressed to King James I. by his deprived ministers. It is apparently the king's own copy, since it contains private notes in his handwriting.

Among other publications relating to Quaker history in England and Wales, Headley Brothers of London announce Extracts from the State Papers relating to Friends, first series, 1654-1658, transcribed by Charlotte Fell Smith (1910, pp. 100).

John Murray has issued two volumes of letters of Gladstone, edited by D. C. Lathbury, Correspondence on Church and Religion of William Ewart Gladstone (1910). This selection has probably been suggested by the fact that Mr. Morley, for reasons explained in his introduction, omitted all special consideration of Mr. Gladstone as theologian or churchman. Mr. Lathbury was at one time editor of the Guardian; he fully shares the High Church views of Gladstone as well as his dislike of the connection between church and state.

A life of Disraeli in three volumes, from official sources, will be published by the Macmillan Company.

An interesting chapter in the development of the modern English press is told in Reginald Lucas's Lord Glenesk and the Morning Post (Alston Rivers, 1910). Lord Glenesk was the Algernon Borthwick who through fifty years' management brought the Morning Post to the proud position it occupies; he was one of the chief founders of the Primrose League, and in other ways prominent in the Conservative leadership.

The Cambridge University press has issued Frederick William Maitland: a Biographical Sketch by H. A. L. Fisher. This has been preceded, it will be remembered, by a briefer study by A. L. Smith; it will however be widely welcomed, especially as particular emphasis is placed on the setting-forth of a personality of unusual interest and attractiveness. Putnams publish the book in the United States.

Messrs. Putnam announce a volume on Controversial Issues in Scot