Aliens, rights to be conceded to, in cer- tain treaties, 189. See Foreigners.
Acquisition, national spirit of, reflections | Allegiance of people of the colonies, on, 515.
ADAMS, JOHN, delegate to first Conti- nental Congress, 8. On Washington's appointment as commander-in-chief, 27. One of the committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, 35. His account of the Declaration, 57. First minister to Great Britain, 173. An- swer to his complaints about the treaty, 173. Instructed to negotiate treaty with the Netherlands, 189. One of the commissioners to procure commercial treaties, 193. Views of, respecting taxation of slaves, 414. Practice of, respecting cabinet, 576. ADAMS, SAMUEL, delegate to first Con- tinental Congress, 8. Reserve of, respecting Constitution, 651. Disap- approves of Constitution, 651. Char- acter of, 651. Position of, in conven- tion of Massachusetts, 651. In favor of Hancock's amendments to Consti- tution, 654.
ADAMS, captain in the Revolutionary naval force, 51.
Address of the Colonies to the people of Great Britain, 15.
Admiralty Jurisdiction, criminal, 526. Of
courts of United States, 599. Under Confederation, 599.
Adoption of Constitution, mode of, rec- ommended, 555. Albany, convention of colonies at, in 1753-54, 4.
Alexandria, meeting of commissioners at, from Virginia and Maryland, 230. Alexandria Commissioners, visit General Washington, 285. Report of, received in Virginia legislature, 285.
4lliance. See Treaty of Alliance. Ambassadors, proposed appointment of, by Senate, 457, 577; by president, 465. Received by president, 580. To be nominated by president, 581. Ju- risdiction of cases affecting, 598. Amendment of Constitution, 364. Pro- vision for, adopted without debate, 426. And revolution, distinction be- tween, 613.
Amendments of Constitution, when to be proposed by Congress, 487. How to be proposed and adopted, 613. How ratified, 616. Power to make, limit- ed, 616. States at liberty to propose, 621. Proposed by Hancock, 653; by Massachusetts, classified, 655; by South Carolina, 660; by Patrick Henry, 681; by Virginia, 682; by New York, 686, 687; by North Caro- lina, 692, 693. Refused in Maryland convention, 657. Proposed, not made conditions of adoption, 662. Amendments of Articles of Confederation, how made, 364, 613, 618. America, natural advantages of, for com- mercial pursuits, 513. Variety of cli- mate and products of, 514. American Constitutions, character of, 175. American Feeling, Washington's efforts to create, 76.
American People perceive the insufficien- cy of state governments, 79. Early familiarity of, with the principles of government, 80. Perceive the neces- sity of a union, 84. See People of America.
American Revolution, commencement of,
1. Attempt to alter charter govern- ! ments, a principal cause of, 3. Found local legislatures in all the colonies,
Fundamental principle estab- lished by, 256. Object and effects of, 440. Policy which led to, real cause of, 467. Effect of, on views of people of United States, relating to govern- ment, 467.
Annapolis, general commercial conven- tion at, 219, 231, 234. Recommends general convention to revise the fed- eral system, 234. Recommendation, how received, 237. See HAMILTON and MADISON. Annapolis Commissioners, report of, acted upon in Congress, 240.
Anti-Federalists, plan of, to postpone ac- tion of Virginia on Constitution, 673. See Federalists.
Appropriation Bills, provision concern- ing, objected to, 407. See Money Bills and Revenue Bills.
Arms of the United States, when adopted, 103.
ARMSTRONG, JOHN, wrote the Newburgh Addresses, 112.
Army, power of Congress to raise and support, 527. Appropriation of money for support of, 528. Power of Con- gress to make rules for, 528. Stand- ing, repugnant to American feelings, 529. Not to be kept by states in time of peace, 552. President commander- in-chief of, 578. Power of President to employ, 579. Army of the Revolution, first suggested, 20. How first raised, 21. State of, when Washington arrived at Cam- bridge, 38. How constituted, 40. Committee of Congress sent to ex- amine, 41. Short enlistments in, how accounted for, 42. Discontents in, 54, 106, 124. History of, after the evacu- ation of Boston, 63. Reorganized, 64, 65. Defects in organization of, 65. Officers of, how appointed, 65; how treated in 1776, 66. Bad construction of, 66, 68. Third effort of Washing- ton to reorganize, 76. Embarrass- ments and difficulties attending, 76, 77. State of, in April, 1777, 77, 78; in May, 1782, 106.
Arrest, privilege from, 483. Arsenals, authority of Congress over,
Articles of Confederation, 713. Reported
in Congress, and recommended to the states, 37, 72, 79. Adoption of, by the states, 86. Amendments to, pro- posed by the states, 89; by New Jer- sey, for regulation of commerce, 89. Chief obstacle to the completion of, 90. States urged to accede to, 93. Ratified by New Jersey, 93; by Dela- ware, 93; by Maryland, 94. Comple- tion of, announced, 94. Established by patriotic sacrifices, 95. Outline of, 98. Construction of third article of, 178. Amendment of, at first contem- plated, 323. How altered, 364, 427. Citizenship under, 446. Effort to in- clude in, power over our western territory, 533. Admission of new states under, 535, 536. On what terms ratified by smaller states, 536. Restraints imposed on states by, 547. Inter-state privileges under, 600. Circular letter of Congress, recommending adoption of, 699. Representation of New Jersey re- specting, 700. Act of New Jersey accepting, 703. Resolves of Dela- ware respecting, 704. Action of Maryland on, 707; of New York on,
Assemblies in Provincial governments, how constituted, 2.
Assembling, one of the common-law rights, 15.
Association, drawn up by House of Bur- gesses in Virginia, 7. For non-im- portation, etc., how carried out by colonists, 15.
Attainder, Bills of, defined, 545. Con- gress prohibited to pass, 545. States prohibited to pass, 550. Attestation to Constitution, form of, 621. B.
BALDWIN, ABRAHAM, model of Senate suggested by, 401. Vote and views of, respecting representation in Sen- ate, 403. Baltimore, public rejoicings in, in honor of Constitution, 657. BARNWELL, ROBERT, in favor of Consti- tution, 636. Arguments of, in con- vention of South Carolina, 660. Bill of Rights, want of, a strong argu- ment with some against Constitution, 628. James Wilson's views respect- ing, 643. States equally divided on question of, in Convention, 644. Con-
sidered essential by Patrick Henry, 664. Proposed by Virginia, 682. Bills of Credit, power to emit, prohibit- ed to states, 524, 548. Meaning of,
Boston, occupied by royal troops in 1774-75, 17. Invested by army under General Ward, in 1775, 21. Recep- tion of Constitution by people of, 630. Rejoicings in, in honor of Con- stitution, 655.
Cessions of Northwestern Territory, 533. Of land by states to the United States, 543. See Western and Northwestern Territory.
Charleston, rejoicings in, on adoption of Constitution, 660.
Charter, of William and Mary to Massa- chusetts, 3; attempt to alter, 3. In- violability of, 15. How distinguished from Constitution, 318.
Charter Governments, form and character of, 2.
Boundary, Southern, fixed by the Treaty of Peace, 210. Questions of, proposed CHASE, SAMUEL, views of, respecting to be determined by Senate, 458, 463; | taxation of slaves, 414. plan respecting, 465. Determination of, a judicial question, 464. See West- ern Territory, Lands, and Northwestern Territory.
Bounties offered for enlistment in 1776, 64. Additional, offered by states, 66; effect of, 76. BOWDOIN, JAMES, delegate to first Continental Congress, 8. Governor of Massachusetts, 181. Suppresses Shays's rebellion, 182. Message of, suggesting a general convention, 226.
Brandywine, battle of the, force engaged in, 78.
Bribery, by executive, dangers of, 470. British Colonies, legislatures of, divided into two branches, 396.
Checks of one department on another, 508.
Citizenship, as qualification of national officers, 433, 434, 444; of senators, 457, 458. State rules respecting, un- like, 442. General privileges of, under Confederation, 446, 601; under Con- stitution, 601. See Naturalization. CLARKE, GEORGE ROGERS, General, pro- ceedings of, in Kentucky, 217. CLINTON, GEORGE, message of, as Gov-
ernor of New York, on revenue system of 1783, 243. Head of party in New York opposed to Constitution, 631. Coinage of the United States, origin of, 297.
Corr, captain in the Revolutionary na- val force, 51.
BROUGHTON, NICHOLAS, commander of Colonies, thirteen English, 1. Ante-Rev-
BUTLER, PIERCE, in favor of the Consti- tution, 636.
Cabinet, functions of, 575. Views re- specting, in Convention, 575. Presi- dent may require opinions of, 575. Constitutional character of, 576. Practice of first three presidents re- specting, 576.
Captures, power of Congress to regulate,
Capitation Tax, report of committee of detail respecting, 501. Provision re- specting, adopted, 510.
CARROLL, CHARLES, proposition of, for asserting right of United States to vacant lands, 541, 542.
Cases arising under Constitution, etc., meaning of, 590.
Census, periodical, proposed by William- son of North Carolina, 410. Vote re- specting, 410. See Federal Census.
olutionary governments of, 1. Form a union, 1. No union of, before Rev- olution, 4. Common grievances of, 5. People of, how descended, 5. Rights of, how to be determined, 10; when and how stated, 12; declaration of, 14; what included in, 14; how to be enforced, 15. Trade of, how far right to regulate in Parliament, 13. Re- duction of, to submission, great prep arations for, 24, 25. Trade with, pro- hibited by Parliament, December, 1775, 24. Change of, into states, 80. Constitutional power of, 428.
Commerce, of the United States, 186; capacity of, at the close of the war, 192. Regulation of, a leading object of Constitutional Convention, 321; became an exigency of the Union, 321; how provided for, by Virginia plan, 368; if universal, must include slave-trade, 498; report of committee of detail respecting, 501; generally conceded to general government as
necessary, 501; views of Southern statesmen respecting, 501; by Con-. gress, beneficial to North and South, 501, 502; a power conceded by South to North, 502; indivisible, 552; reluc- tance of South Carolina to concede, 659. Want of power over, in Con- federation, 494. Interest of, in differ- ent states, not identical, 502, 506. Powers of government over, influence of, 515. Necessities of, basis of Con- stitution, 515. See Regulation of Com-
Commercial Convention. See Annapolis and Virginia.
Commercial Power asked for by Con- gress, 192. Action of the states re- specting, 192, 193.
Commercial Treaties, want of, displayed,
186. Existing at the peace, 188. How far the Confederation compe- tent to make, 188. Why not made with England, 190. Congress en- deavors to get power to make, 192. Attempt to negotiate without power, 193. States refuse the power to make, 193, 194. Fruitless efforts of the commissioners to negotiate, 194. Commission. See Commercial Treaties and JOHN ADAMS.
Committee of Congress sent to confer with
Committee of the States under the Con- federation, 100.
Committees of Correspondence recommend-
ed by Virginia, 7. Agency of, 8. Common Law, one of the rights of the colonies, 14. And equity, distinction between, preserved by Constitution, 586. Basis of state jurisprudence, 586.
Commutation. See Half-Pay. Compromises between national and fed- eral systems, 377, 378. Lie at the basis of the Constitution, 394, 395. Respect- ing formation of Congress, 402, 405,406, 419, 439; representation in Congress, 406. Respecting slavery, 416; how to be effected, 417; reflections on, 511. Respecting Senate, as affected by money bills, 453; choice of executive, 455. How to be studied, 456. Com- mittee of, proposed by Gouverneur Morris, 508. Respecting slave-trade and navigation act, 509; if not made, necessary consequences, 517. Confederation, office of, in American his-
tory, 96, 102. Revenues of, 101. De- fects of, 101, 102, 104, 320, 322, 323, 334, 351, 361, 556. Restraints imposed by, upon the states, 102. Legal com- mencement of, 102. Operation of, to the close of the war, 121. Power of, to maintain au army and navy in peace, 145. Analyzed by Hamilton, 150. Principle of, adhered to, 152. Summary of its operations, 154. In- capacity of, to protect the state gov- ernments, 175. Had no strict power to hold or manage public lands, 196. Decay and failure of, 221, 320. Fatal defect in the principle of the, 251. Nature of, 323. Had no power of compulsion, 323, 556. Powers of, 330. Rule of suffrage under, 340. Had no executive or judiciary, 351. Laws of, to be executed by state tribunals, 351.
Compared with Con-
stitution, 369. Articles of, framed in 1776, 414. Assessments on states under, 415. Still in force while Con- vention in session, 427. Relation of, to states, 428. States opposed to entering, except on full federal equal- ity, 460. Had no seat of government, 487. Want of power in, over com- merce, 494; over revenues, 494. gagements of, proposal to assume, 520. Want of power in, to admit new states, 533. Rule of, respecting making of treaties, 556, 581, 596. Nature and objects of, 600. How amended, 613. Chief cause of failure of, 676. See Articles of Confederation and Congress. Confiscations, provided against, by the Treaty of Peace, 169. Strict right of, belonged to the Union, 170. Congress of the Revolution, leaves Phila- delphia after the battle of the Bran- dywine, 78; assembles at Lancaster and Yorktown, 78. Of the Confeder- ation, first meeting of, 86; structure and form of, 99, 397, 459; powers of, 99; restrictions on powers of, 101; attendance diminished after the peace, 125; driven from Philadelphia by a mutiny, 148; decline of, 153; meeting of, in 1783, 158; thinly at- tended, 158; appointment and attend- ance of delegates, 160, 161; perpetu- ally in session, 160; public objects to be accomplished by, 162; condition of, in 1785, 228; unfitted to revise the
federal system, 247; had but one chamber, 397; resolution for continu- ance of, 426; method of voting in, 460; members of, chosen aunnally, and liable to recall, 469; appoint- ment of officers by, complaints re- specting, 474; met where, 487; pres- ence of, in
New York, benefits
resulting from, 490; attempts of, to procure cessions from states, 533; resolve of, for regulation of north- western territory, 533; power of, to admit new states, 535; transmission of Constitution to, 622; action of, on Constitution, 629. Old, authority of, continued till new adopted, 365. Un- der Virginia plan, to have two houses, 376. Under New Jersey plan, to be one body, 376. Present constitution of, by whom first suggested, 400; compromise
respecting, 402, 419.
Power of, to legislate for general in- terests of Union, 422; to negative state laws, 422; respecting elections to, 479; in general, 494; over taxes, duties, etc., 518; to pay debts of United States, 518; to provide for defence, etc., 518; over places purchased for forts, etc., 532; over territories, different views con- cerning, 532, 542; limited, 532; over soil of national domain, 539; pro- posed, over property of United States, 542; restraints on, 544; to establish inferior tribunals, 585, 587. Acts of, supreme law, 422; how passed, 484. Proposal that executive be chosen by, 422. Members of, qualifications of, 439; ineligibility of, to office, 475; time, etc., of electing, left to states, 479; pay of, proceedings in Conven- tion respecting, 480; objections to states paying, 481; privileged from arrest, 483; punishment and expul- sion of, 483; not to be questioned elsewhere for speech or debate, 483. Importance of early legislation of, 448. Proposed to be modelled after Congress of Confederation, 459. Ad- mission of members of cabinet, etc., to, question respecting, 477. house of, to be judge of elections, etc., of its own members, 483; to deter- mine its own rule of proceeding, 483; Adjournment to keep journal, 483. of, 491, 583. Exclusive sovereign of Time of District of Columbia, 492.
meeting of, 493. To make all neces- sary and proper laws for execution of powers, 531. To declare war, 578. To authorize calling out of militia, 579. Special relations of president to, 582. To prescribe mode of proof and effect of state records, etc., 601. To propose amendments to Constitu- To call Convention to tion, 616. amend Constitution, when, 616. Connecticut, a charter government, 3. Governor, council, and representa- tives always chosen by the people, 3. Cedes claims to western territory, 202, 534. Appoints and instructs del- egates to the Convention, 249. Op- posed to Convention, 328; to exec- 66 good utive holding office during behavior," 424; to property qualifi- cation for office, 434; to nine years' citizenship as qualification of sena- tor, 458; to taxing exports, 505; to restricting president to stated sala- ry, 574. In favor of equality of suf- frage in both branches of Congress, 390, 400; of equal representation of states in Senate, 403, 407, 418; of cen- sus of free inhabitants, 410; of refer- ring Constitution to state legislatures, 431; of each state having one vote in Senate, 460. Had five representatives in first House, 408. Vote of, respect- ing citizenship as qualification for of- fice, 448; respecting money bills, 453, 454; respecting eligibility of mem- bers of Congress to office, 476; re- specting slave-trade, 511. Ratifica- tion of Constitution by, 639. Conven- tion of, 647; debates in, mostly lost, 648.
Connecticut Reservation, note ou, 202. Constitution, how framed, 316. Means of peaceful coercion a leading object of, 353. An abridgment of state pow- ers in some respects, 556. Republican government guaranteed to states by, Capacity of, of 361, 363, 607, 610. amendment, 364. Why submitted to people for ratification, 364. As report- ed to Convention, 365, 366. Different plans of, proposed in Convention, 368. Compared with Confederation, 369. Compromise of, between national and Based on com- federal system, 378. promises, 394. Possibility of failure to create, reflections on, 403. Fram- ers of, problem before, 412; position
« SebelumnyaLanjutkan » |