16. To pay no commissions to parties directly or indirectly representing the interests of the buyer. To be as honorable in our selling as we expect others to be when we are buying. 17. To discourage the production of inferior quality. To produce the best of that work which we seek to do. To educate our customers to the economic advantage of this course. 18. To remember that volume of duplicate work alone is the only basis for special prices. That under similar condiions costs are the same for one customer's work as for another. OUR DUTY TO OURSELVES 19. To welcome any new competitor entering our business, remembering that if our information or advice helps him to conduct his business on a better or more profitable basis, we are also, either directly or indirectly, the beneficiary; conversely, if he suffers, we may and probably will. 20. To remember that ignorance and prejudice are the most dangerous and demoralizing factors of business competition. To open our places, our books, and our experience to any competitor for any helpful purpose. 21. To avoid the evil of over-equipment. To never install a new machine or tool unless an old one is taken out, or unless really necessary because of a steady growth of permanent business. Idle machinery will weaken the stiffest backbone ever made, and make it impossible to maintain fair prices. Far better have an arrangement through which local competitors take care of each other's surplus work. 22. To decline estimates on work regularly done by another electrotyper until he has been consulted. It is never well to criticize another's price until we are in possession of all the facts. To be careful that our competition does not simply set a lower price at which our competitor simply continues doing the work there's nothing in it. If our business is injured by excessive competition, we should seek a solution by conference and discussion, remembering returns in kind simply aggravate the evil. PRICES AND ESTIMATES 23. Have a real knowledge of what your work costs. based on careful and systematic records. Determine on a reasonable profit and then apply your price with fairness to yourselves on contract work, and to your customer on open work. 24. When estimating, you are entitled to know all who are requested to bid. When bids are in, you should know all prices and bidders. Check your customer's statements by open discussion with your competitors. You thereby frequently learn some surprising things. 25. The buyer who shows or pretends to show you the bids of others to induce a lower figure from you, is practicing the same tricks all along the line. He sincerely wishes to give you the job, "if you will do it lower than anyone else." OUR DUTY TO OUR WORK PEOPLE 26. To interest ourselves in their personal welfare. To encourage and assist them in thrift and self-advancement. 27. To remember our gain comes from the business we do at a profit; that fair wages must always be paid to good workmen; that every old employee has cost us an investment of time and money, which is lost when he leaves. 28. To especially consider the interests of our boys. and apprentices, to be careful to allow no detrimental influence over them. 29. To take no boy as apprentice until his fitness and aptitude have been proven upon trial, and when accepted to spare no reasonable effort or expense to have him mature as a finished workman and a good citizen. EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COUNCIL New Haven, Conn. Formulated June 30, 1922: CODE OF ETHICS ON HIRING OF HELP FROM OTHER PLANTS Resolved: 1. That an employee is a free agent in choosing his employer and that nothing in this plan shall be construed or practiced so as to bar or unduly hinder employee from obtaining employment. 2. That each plant may request or require that reasonable notice be given by employee when leaving, provided such notice does not exceed one week. 3. That each plant make an effort and take all reasonable measures to ascertain the last previous or present employer of applicants. 4. That when present employer is known, prospective employer shall ascertain whether proper notice has been worked, and if so, applicant may be hired immediately. If not, and present employer so wishes, prospective employer shall recommend that applicant return and work out satisfactory notice. 5. That no applicant shall be promised employment until the above is carried out. 6. That this plan can work only on a basis of mutual fair play and consideration on the part of each plant. Good results can only be obtained by having some one person in each plant responsible for the employment procedure. ENGINEERING See also under Chemistry AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING AND VENTI- Code prepared by joint committee of five engineering AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE Adopted Nov. 8, 1923, with slight changes: A CODE OF ETHICS FOR ENGINEERS Engineering work has become an increasingly important factor in the progress of civilization and in the welfare of the community. The Engineering Profession is held responsible for the planning, construction and operation of such work and is entitled to the position and authority which will enable it to discharge this responsibility and to render effective service to humanity. That the dignity of their chosen profession may be maintained, it is the duty of all engineers to conduct themselves according to the principles of the following Code of Ethics. 1. The Engineer will carry on his professional work in a spirit of fairness to employees and contractors, fidelity to clients and employers, loyalty to his country, and devotion to high ideals of courtesy and personal honor. 2. He will refrain from associating himself with, or allowing the use of his name by, an enterprise of questionable character. 3. He will advertise only in a dignified manner, being careful to avoid misleading statements. 4. He will regard as confidential any information obtained by him as to the business affairs and technical methods or processes of a client or employer. 5. He will inform a client or employer of any business connections, interests or affiliations, which might influence his judgment or impair the disinterested quality of his services. 6. He will refrain from using any improper or ques tionable methods of soliciting professional work, and will decline to pay or to accept commissions for securing such work. 7. He will accept compensation, financial or otherwise, for a particular service, from one source only, except with the full knowledge and consent of all interested parties. 8. He will not use unfair means to win professional advancement or to injure the chances of another engineer to secure and hold employment. 9. He will cooperate in upbuilding the Engineering Profession by exchanging general information and experience with his fellow engineers and students of engineering and also by contributing to work of engineering societies, schools of applied science and the technical press. 10. He will interest himself in the public welfare in behalf of which he will be ready to apply his special knowledge, skill and training for the use and benefit of mankind. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS CODE OF ETHICS Any code of ethics must be predicated upon the basic principles of truth and honesty. "Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest," are the things for which engineers must contend. An engineer may not "go beyond and defraud his brother" by any underhanded act or method. He may not do or say anything which will injure his brother's reputation or his business for the purpose of securing his own advancement or profit. This admonition carries with it no obligation to refrain from telling known and absolute truth about an unworthy brother, as a protection to others; but the truth so told must be such as can be substantiated, and he who tells it must have the courage which will not shrink from the consequence of his telling. The engineer owes his client allegiance demanding his most conscientious service. But conscientious service to the client must never entail a surrender of personal convictions of truth and right. An engineer who receives compensation from an employer may not receive gift, commission or remuneration of any |