4: We shall not solicit the cancellation of an order placed with a competitor nor shall we accept an order knowing it to have been previously placed.

5: We shall not offer employment to our competitor's employes unless, without solicitation on our part, they ask for employment.

6: We shall not obtain prices from a competitor through bogus requests by a third party.

7: We shall be slow to judge a competitor when rumors or disparaging statements reach us, but shall feel free to communicate with him for the purpose of ascertaining the facts.

8: We shall be slow to increase productive capacity without a corresponding increase in the permanent demand, as this tends to encourage unfair practice. We shall promote new business instead of striving to obtain a competitor's business.

Sec. 4. Relations with Customers and the Public

1: We shall consider our business a worthy one and justified only to the extent to which we serve the community.

2: We shall keep informed as to developmnets in the industry in order to keep our own business up to date and to enable us to give our customers the benefit of improvements as soon as possible.

3: We shall not give out-of-the-ordinary service as all transactions should be mutually profitable.

4: We shall recognize that we should serve two classes of trade, namely, the dealer in and the user of our product, and a legitimate dealer should be given price protection; and the same prices shall be quoted to the same class of trade for like quantities.

5: We shall avoid misrepresentation and false statements at all times, in our oral statements, in our letters, or in our advertisements.

Sec. 5: The adoption of this code of ethics by the Iowa Concrete Products Association places an obligation on its members to the sincere and faithful performance of these rules of conduct and each individual member shall be pledged to conduct his individual business so as to merit the confidence and respect of his community and reflect honor on the entire industry.

CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES Adopted May 1924:

PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS CONDUCT

The function of business is to provide for the material needs of mankind, and to increase the wealth of the world and the value and happiness of life. In order to perform its function it must offer a sufficient opportunity for gain to compensate individuals who assume its risks, but the motives which lead individuals to engage in business are not to be confused with the function of business itself. When business enterprise is successfully carried on with constant and efficient endeavor to reduce the costs of production and distribution, to improve the quality of its products, and to give fair treatment to customers, capital, management, and labor, it renders public service of the highest value.

We believe the expression of principles drawn from these fundamental truths will furnish practical guides for the conduct of business as a whole and for each individual enterprise.

I. The Foundation of business is confidence, which springs from integrity, fair dealing, efficient service, and mutual benefit.

II. The Reward of business for service rendered is a fair profit plus a safe reserve, commensurate with risks involved and foresight exercised.

III. Equitable Consideration is due in business alike to capital, management, employees, and the public.

IV. Knowledge—thorough and specific-and unceasing study of the facts and forces affecting a business enterprise are essential to a lasting individual success and to efficient service to the public.

V. Permanency and continuity of service are basic aims of business, that knowledge gained may be fully utilized, confidence established and efficiency increased.

VI. Obligations to itself and society prompt business unceasingly to strive toward continuity of operation, bettering conditions of employment, and increasing the efficiency and opportunities of individual employees.

VII. Contracts and undertakings, written or oral, are to be performed in letter and in spirit. Changed conditions do not justify their cancellation without mutual concent.

VIII. Representation of goods and services should be truthfully made and scrupulously fulfilled.

IX. Waste in any form,-of capital, labor, services, materials, or natural resources, is intolerable, and constant effort will be made toward its elimination.

X. Excesses of every nature,-inflation of credit, over-expansion, over-buying, over-stimulation of sales, which create artificial conditions and produce crises and depressions, are condemned.

XI. Unfair Competition, embracing all acts characterized by bad faith, deception, fraud, or oppression, including commercial bribery, is wasteful, despicable, and a public wrong. Business will rely for its success on the excellence of its own service.

XII.

Controversies will, where possible, be adjusted by voluntary agreement or impartial arbitration.

XIII. Corporate Forms do not absolve from or alter the moral obligations of individuals. Responsibilities will be as courageously and conscientiously discharged by those acting in representative capacities as when acting for themselves.

XIV. Lawful Cooperation among business men and in useful business organizations in support of these principles of business conduct is commended.

XV. Business should render restrictive legislation unnecessary through so conducting itself as to deserve and inspire public confidence.

THE CLEVELAND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

Adopted by Board of Directors, April 7, 1920; only preamble given:

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

In submitting for adoption by the citizens of Cleveland this declaration of principles aiming to establish a proper basis for labor relations in this community, the Committee on Labor

Relations of The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce recognizes the fact that the public interest is paramount. The public includes every individual in the community. The public is composed of inter-dependent interests. The public interest in labor relations. demands that justice be done to all.

In industry there is a mutuality of interest between investors, employers and employes. Their interests as well as the public interest must be defined and protected.

The committee believes that the most powerful force to bring about these desired conditions is the opinion of an informed and enlightened public.

The first step toward industrial peace must be a realization of the inter-dependence of all elements related to industry.

The prosperity of any community is dependent upon the success of its enterprises. The success of any enterprise is in turn largely dependent upon the degree of cooperation maintained between its employers, its employes and its investors, and upon the good will of the public. Furthermore, a lack of cooperation in any industry or establishment influences unfavorably those industries and establishments where satisfactory labor relations exist.

CHEMISTRY

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Adopted Sep. 5, 1912, "to define the rules of professional conduct and ethics for the members":

CODE OF ETHICS

The Institute expects of its Members:

1st. That in all their relations, they shall be guided by the highest principles of honor.

2d. The upholding before the public at all times of the dignity of the chemical profession generally and the reputation of the Institute, protecting its members from misrepresentation. 3d. Personal helpfulness and fraternity between its members and toward the profession generally.

4th. The avoidance and discouragement of sensationalism, exaggeration and unwarranted statements. In making the first publication concerning inventions or other chemical advances, they should be made through chemical societies and technical publications.

5th. The refusal to undertake for compensation work which they believe will be unprofitable to clients without first advising said clients as to the improbability of successful results. 6th. The upholding of the principle that unreasonably low charges for professional work tend toward inferior and unreliable work, especially if such charges are set at a low figure for advertising purposes.

7th. The refusal to lend their names to any questionable enterprise.

8th. Conservatism in all estimates, reports, testimony, etc., especially in connection with the promotion of business enterprises.

9th. That they shall not engage in any occupation which is obviously contrary to law or public welfare.

10th. When a chemical engineer undertakes for others work in connection with which he may make improvements, inventions, plans, designs, or other records, he shall preferably enter into a written agreement regarding their ownership. In a case where an agreement is not made or does not cover a point at issue, the following rules shall apply: