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ence of Licking and the Muskingum; Lancaster, near the head of the lockhocking; Belvill eight miles from Marietta; and Galliopolis, on the Ohio a little below the Great Kanhaway, a French settlement; are the principal towns and villages. The free male inhabitants, in 1903, were found by a census to be fifteen thousand, four hundred and fifteen.

Of the original Settlers. The southern and western parts of Ohio were settled by emigrants from New Jersey and Pennsylvania; the district between the Seiota and Little Miami, known by the name of Virgina Military Reservation, was settled chiefly from Virginia and Kentucky. A number of Germans have planted themselves on the fertile lands about the sources of the Hock hocking. The Ohio company's purchase and the county of Trumbull are peopled by natives of New-England, and the district between Washington and Trumbul! has been planted by Pennsylvanians.

Of the Natives. In the year 1790, this tract of country, now Ohio, contained twenty thousand Indians.By means of wars, diseases, and the settlements made by civilized men, who level the woods, drive away the game, and compel the savages to seek subsistence it: western forests, the number is reduced to three or four hundred. These are the remains of the Shawanees, Delawares and Wyandots; with two insignificant villages on the Sandusky. The title of the natives to some of the western parts of this state is not yet extinguished.

Of Curiosities. Within this state, as in other transalleganian districts, are seen the remains of regular fortifications consisting of a wall or rampart of earth, from three to five feet high and rectangular. Trees of a great size are now growing on the walls. By whom, or at what period, these works were raised, it is impossible to determine, nor do the traditions of the Indians furnish any light on the subject. Near these works, are Pyramidical mounts of earth, from thirty to a hundred feet high; supposed to be raised as tombs, or repos. ories of the bones of the dead.

History of Ohio. The settlement in this state commenced soon after the revolution, under grants to certain individuals and companies; as at Marietta, Cincinnati and Galliopolis. After the sale of the Western Reserve, so called, by the state of Connecticut, the proprietors encouraged numerous emigrations from the eastern states, and a rapid increase of population succeeded. Until the year 1802, this state was a part of the North-Western Territory, and governed by special ordinances of congress. In 1802, the inhabitants had become so numerous as to be entitled to form themselves into a state. A convention was accordingly held, a constitution formed, and at the next session of congress, the state of Ohio took its place as a member of the union.

Of the Government. By the constitution of Ohio, the legislature consists of two branches, a senate and house of representatives. The latter house is limited to seventy-two members. The senators cannot exceed one half nor be less than a third of the number of the representatives. The electors are all the white male inhabitants of age, and of one year's residence in the state. The senate is divided into two classes, one of which goes out of office every year.

Of the Executive. The executive power is lodged in a governor, who is chosen by the electors, once two years. He is commander in chief of the militia, grants reprieves and pardons, and fills the offices which become vacant during the recess of the legisla

ture.

Of the Judiciary. The judiciary consists of a supreme court of three judges, with cognizance of cases in law and equity, and power to correct the errors of inferior courts-of courts of common pleas, consisting of a president and three associate judges, who have civil jurisdiction in causes of above twenty dollars demand, subject to an appeal in causes of more than one hundred dollars demand; and criminal jurisdiction in all cases under the degree of felony --The judges of these courts are appointed by the legislature, and hold their offices for seven years. To these

are added justices of the peace, who are chosen by the people for three years.

MISSISIPPI TERRITORY.

Of the Situation and Extent. The territory belonging to the United States, south of Tennessee, lies between 31 and 35 degrees of north latitude, and between the Catahochy in the eighty-fifth, and the Missisippi in the ninety-second degre: of west longitude. Its mean extent, east and west, is about three hundred miles, and its breadth, north and south, two hundred and seventy-five; the area therefore contains more than fifty-two millions of acres.

Face of the Country. Except the branches or spurs of the Alleganean ridges, which terminate in the northern and eastern parts of this territory, the land is mostly level, and covered with the trees common to the latitudes. On the rivers, are extensive flats of rich land, many of which are clothed with canes of a great size, which form an almost impenetrable thicket.

Of the Rivers. This territory is washed on the west by the great river Missisippi, and on the east by t' Catahochy, which is a large navigable stream. Near the center, the country is penetrated by the large streams which enter Mobil bay, which are the Alabama, which is formed by the united streams of the Coosaw and Tallaposy, both which are considerable streams, and the Tombigby, another large stream from the north-west: forty miles west of Mobill, is the Pascagola, a stream that is boatable more than one hundred miles. Sixty miles west is Pearl river, about the size of the Pascagola. About sixty miles further west is the Amit, a stream which enters the Ibbervill channel, and carries boats about one hundred miles. These, with many smaller streams, have their sources in the Missisippi territory, and run south into the bay of Mexico. The Yazoo is a considerable river which enters the Missisippi.

Of the Settlements. The Indian title to this great body of land, is not extinguished, except the title to two tracts-one of a million and a half of acres, on the Missisippi, below the Yazoo-and another tract of equal extent between the Pascagola and Tombigby.On these tracts are the only settlements. The principal town is Natchez, situated on the bank of Missisippi, in latitude 31 degrees, 30 north. This town, so called from a tribe of Indians, was settled by the French in 1727. In 1731, the settlers were mostly massacred by the Indians, which occasioned a deadly war, in which the tribe was almost wholly destroyed.

Of the Government and Population. The Missisippi Territory is governed by a special ordinance of congress, and the governor, who is appointed by the president, resides at Natchez. In the year 1800, the whole population fell short of nine thousand souls, except Indians; several tribes of which reside on this territory and own the land.

INDIANA.

Of the Territory called Indiana. That part of the United States which lies westward of the State of Ohio, extending to the Missisippi, and from the river Ohio northward to the northern limit of the United States, is called Indiana, and governed by a special ordinance of congress. This tract of country, which is of great extent, contains the large rivers Waubash and Illenois, with a great number of others, and a vast body of excellent land. The chief settlements are on the Wasbash, Kaskaskia and Mackinaw..

MISHIGAN TERRITORY.

That part of the United States which lies north of a line drawn east from the southern extremity of lake Mishigan until it intersects lake Erie, and east of a

line from the said extremity northerly through the middle of the Mishigan to the northern limit of the United States, and west of the state of New-York, is erected into a separate district for the purposes of government. This territory is governed by a special ordinance of congress. The governor is appointed by, the president, and resides at Detroit, the principal settlement in the territory. In the summer of 1805, this town consisting of 300 houses was all reduced te ashes; but it is now rebuilt on a more secure and elegant plan.

LOUISIANA.

Of the Discovery of the Missisippi. The great river Missisippi, as has been related, was first discovered in 1541, by a Spanish adventurer, Ferdinand de Soto, who, with twelve hundred soldiers, lauded in Florida, in 1539, penetrated to the Chickasaw country in search of gold and silver; then crossed the Missisippi, and advanced westward, a considerable distance, where he died-and his surviving followers, returning, sailed down the river and proceeded to Mexico. This river was also discovered by a Colonel Wood in 1654, and by` a captain Bolt in 4670.

Of the French Claim to the Country on the Missisippi. The French in Canada, very early imbibed an idea of the practicability of opening a communication, between Canada and the bay of Mexico, by means of some river. To ascertain this point, the French king gave orders to La Salle to explore the country. This man in 1682 or 3, went down the Missisippi to its mouth, and returned to Canada, having ascertained the desired communication. Elated with this discovery, he went to France, and by a representation of the advantages of the Missisippi for opening a vast trade with Canada and the western country, a company was soon form ed to colonize the banks of the river.

Of the first Attempt to settle on the River. The adventurers, under La Salle, embarked in four vessels,

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