but with foot-power-it would be too much like slavery for the average American to operate. Therein seems to be a marked difference between the American and English nature. The former has plenty of nervous energy, but to be confined to a lathe or other machine which he must pump with his feet "to see the wheels go around" is far removed from a pleasurable task. That the Briton finds pleasure in it the facts just mentioned appear to indicate.

QUICK-ACTING MACHINE VISE.

Quick-acting vises have been the subject of many patents, but we have seen no simpler one than that shown in the accompanying illustration, reproduced from London Engi neering. It is manufactured by A. A. Jones, engineer, Churchgate, Leicester, England. In Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section and cross-sectional views are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The fixed jaw of the vise is cast solid with the base and the movable jaw is arranged to swivel so that taper pieces can be firmly held. The gripping power is obtained through a movable abutment, which slides behind the movable jaw. This abutment is provided with a lifting piece, having teeth

way from 50 per cent down, and the adoption of the electrical transmission in these plants would remunerate the company far more than the revamping of almost any other part of the plant.

The installation as compared with the rope or belt drive for mills exceeding 25,000 spindles is unquestionably as economical, if not more so, and in the Olympia it has proven itself much cheaper. The decreased cost of that installation is unquestionably many thousand dollars. The shafting and belting are one of the largest items of saving and have been cut in two, or even reduced to 40 per cent of the cost of shafting for the same distribution by a rope or belt drive.

INSTRUMENT FOR DRAWING ELLIPSES.

An ellipsograph designed and patented by Fred Oldfield, Chicago, Ill., is shown in the accompanying sketches. It consists of an upright standard, A, to which is clamped a barrel or sleeve, B, in which a plunger carrying the handle, D, and pointer or pencil, C, is free to either slide or revolve. This barrel can be set at any angle with the vertical and the pointer, C. can be swiveled to make any desired angle with the axis of the barrel, B. A detail of the joint between the pointer and the barrel is shown in Fig. 3. The instrument is operated by turning the knob, D. and at the same time telescoping it in the sleeve, B, so as to keep the marker in con

fitting into the corresponding teeth of two racks, fitted as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The raising of the teeth into gear is effected by an eccentric on the screw as shown. In using the vise, the article to be gripped is placed between the jaws, and the abutment piece moved up into contact with the movable jaw. A quarter turn of the screw, by means of a turning bar, brings the rack teeth into engagement, and the further motion of the screw then forces together the jaws on the article between them. The vise jaws are faced with hardened steel pieces of taper cross-section, as indicated in Fig. 1, and continually pressed upward by springs. When the jaws are closed upon the work it is drawn down slightly, bringing it solidly against the base of the vise.

NOTE ON ELECTRIC DRIVING IN COTTON MILLS. The Olympia Cotton Mills, Columbia, S. C., has a modern electrical transmission system, which has given excellent results on the score of economy. The following particulars were supplied by W. B. Smith Whaley, at the meeting of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association, recently held at Boston:

The operation of this plant under these conditions for six months has enabled us to obtain figures and data that I believe more than justify the adoption of this method of operating a cotton mill, as the results have been most favorable. The relative figures show that the combined losses from the cylinder to the work produced in the mill are much less than by the older methods of operation. Comparative figures would be as follows:

There appears to be a clear gain of eleven points in favor of the electric driven mill; measured in value of friction there is a net saving to the mill of 42.3 per cent of its friction. In other words, the efficiency of the motive power in producing work is increased from 74 per cent to 85% per cent. These losses are going on all the time and amount to a considerable figure. A saving of this difference in any institution would mean a net dividend on its capital stock. It is safe to say that in many of the older mills the friction varies all the

tact with the paper. The angle of the pencil determines the minor axis of the ellipse and the angle of the sleeve the major axis. The operation of the instrument depends upon the principle that wheħ a cylinder is cut by an oblique plane the resulting section will be an ellipse. In Fig. 1 the ellipse indicated is equivalent to a section cut by a horizontal plane from a cylinder of diameter x, inclined at an angle with the plane equal to the angle made by the barrel, B. The purpose of the feet, F and E, which support the upright, A, is to enable the tool to be used in connection with a T-square or straightedge. The upright and the swivel joints for the barrel and pointer are suitably graduated so that the correct proportions for any ellipse may be readily obtained.

ENGLISH LATHE FOR HIGH-SPEED STEEL. The introduction of high-speed steel for working metal has set all the steel makers of Sheffield to producing new brands of steel, and it has also set the machine tool makers to designing new forms of lathes and planers powerful enough to utilize the new steel which the Engineer intimates is not new, but only a re-discovery. Two English machine tool builders, J. Lang & Sons and Darling & Sellers, have recently brought out new designs, both of which are distinguished by a narrow "front guiding strip" to prevent twisting of the carriage on the ways. In addition to this feature the Darling & Sellers lathe has an "auxiliary or lower tier bed" to give additional support to the heavy saddle. The accompanying cut repro duced from the Engineer, illustrates the principle of the de

sign clearly. The name given it is "double-tier lathe bed." It will be observed that with this design the lead screw and feed rack come almost directly beneath the point of the tool when the work is of the proportion shown. The auxiliary support for the apron, which, by the way, is not bolted to the saddle as in American practice, but instead forms an integral part with it, increases the effective width of the bed to the degree noted in the cut. The advantages claimed for the new

THE ORIGINAL LORING COES PATENT.

In the April number was published a portrait of Loring Coes, the inventor of the Coes wrench, the occasion being the 90th birthday of Mr. Coes and also the acquirement by him of all the stock of the Coes Wrench Co. and the union of the interests of the wrench department of Loring Coes & Co. with the Coes Wrench Co. We show below a reproduction of what is probably the first screw wrench patent drawing, made by Mr. Coes, and it will be noted that although the details of the screw wrench have many times been changed,

wrench is shortly to be brought out by the Coes Wrench Co., of which we shall have more to say later.

Mr. Coes has furnished an interesting item with regard to the adz-eye hammer, supposed to have been invented by D. Maydole some time in the sixties. He states that a Worcester Mass., blacksmith made him an adz-eye hammer for carpenter's use, and made more of them for other carpenters and woodworkers in the town. He thinks the blacksmith brought the idea with him from some other section of the country. He probably learned his trade in England.

Copy of the Original Patent Drawing for the Screw Wrench the general form of the wrench has remained the same. We believe there is no small tool that has been used so long a time without radical change in shape, or that has been made for so long a period of years under the personal care and ownership of its inventor. Practically all the patents on the wrench are the product of Mr. Coes personally and they extend back to 1839. The cut shown is evidently from a reissue of the original patent, but this cannot be verified, owing to the loss of the records in the Patent Office fire. A new

EXTENSIVE BUILDING OPERATIONS.

The Deering Harvester Company, Chicago, are erecting a large steel plant for producing the various bars, angles and steel in other forms required in their extensive manufacturing operations. The company also own mines in the Mesaba range and when the steel works are in operation the Deering Harvester Company will be in an independent position as regards their supply of raw material. At least one and possibly several of the other large harvester companies own steel plants, but the Deering Company is the first, so far as we know, to control both the mines and the plant where the ore is worked into the various shapes for use.

Plans are well under way for extensive new works, to be erected at Newark, N. J., for the International Steam Pump Company. When the buildings are completed the International's equipment and business at their Elizabethport, N. J., shops and at the Brooklyn, N. Y., works (the Worthington plant) will be transferred to Newark. The projected works are very extensive and include an office building, an immense machine shop, with which is connected a building for testing and erecting pumps; pattern shop, power house, brass foundry, cleaning room, building for molding machinery, shipping department, warehouses and the main foundry, besides a number of smaller buildings for incidental purposes. The main machine shop will be 1,000 feet long and 125 feet wide. The total cost of the buildings alone will be more than $500,000 and the number of hands to be employed will be above 4,000. The plant will be the largest pump-making establishment in the country, and will contribute very largely to the prosperity and importance of Newark as a manufacturing center.

A pointer showing the immensity and rapid increase of the electrical manufacturing business of the United States, is the recent announcement that the great works of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. is to be practically duplicated, the company having decided to erect another building 1,800 feet long and 230 feet wide. This building. which will be known as the east extension, will be divided longitudinally into three bays, one high central one with monitor roof and two lower bays, one at each side. About 9,000 tons of structural steel will be required for the proposed addition. The machinery and general equipment will be about the same as those of the present works and the product will be of the same general character. The Westinghouse Machine Co. is also building an addition to its machine department for the building of the Parsons steam turbine, which may be taken as an indication that the steam turbine will soon become an active rival in the United States of the ordinary type of the steam engine for central station and general power purposes.

Sometimes it is desirable to make a print from a photographic negative, in a hurry. It is quite common practice in such cases to use common blueprint paper. Such prints may. if desired, be toned a rich brown color by immediately immersing the print after washing, into a solution of caustic soda and water, the caustic soda being about one per cent by measure of the water used. The print upon immersion in this solution assumes a yellow color. It should then be thoroughly washed and immersed in a bath of water and tannic acid, the acid forming about six per cent by measure of the water used. After the desired tint is obtained, the print is thoroughly washed and dried.

saw itself is 62 inches in diameter, and will cut into a crank to the depth of 21 inches. On the top table forgings 20 inches by 6 feet can be sawed off. The two tables appearing in front are arranged so they can be opened out to any desired width for convenience in handling different sizes of cranks. The crank shaft is placed in the V-blocks, one cut is made and the saw is then backed out and both tables are moved over simultaneously so that it is not necessary to reset the crank for the second cut. The large angle plate at the front of the machine is so placed that a jack can be used, should the

for boring the bearings. Many thousands of motors have been made, and accurate alignment is required both to secure quiet running as well as interchangeability of parts. The first machines made for this purpose had four sliding heads, which were fed up to the casting, two on each side, and which bored all four holes at once. Clearly the accuracy of this operation would be greatly affected by any inaccuracy of the heads, which, bearing in mind the quantity of motors to be bored, it would be very hard to keep up.

In the machine shown below, the casting is held in a

crank forging pinch on the saw after being cut, which is frequently the case. By using a jack the crankshaft can be sprung and the saw backed out by power. The saw is an inserted tooth saw driven through a train of gearing, phosphor bronze worm wheel and hardened steel worm, having a variable friction feed, with power quick movement in either direction. When the saw is not used for crankshafts, miscellaneous forgings can be cut off on the top table. The shipping weight of this machine is about 70,000 pounds.

INDUSTRIAL PRESS, NY

The

cradle fixture, and the boring is done by two boring bars, guided in hardened bushings in the fixture. One head is secured to the bed-plate; the other has an adjustment crosswise, being bolted to a slide fastened to the bed-plate. boring bar centers are thus fixed according to the distance between the motor shafts; and the heads are bolted fast during the boring. The table which carries the cradle and casting is adjustable vertically by power and hand. The feeds are of the simplest character possible, being an adaptation of the

Sellers friction disks. There is no wear to affect the alignment of the machine, other than that of the boring bars. The principal dimensions are: Length over all, 25 feet; width, 5 feet; diameter of boring bar, 41⁄2 inches; feed of boring bar, 51 inches. The table is 108 inches long by 38 inches wide. The machine complete weighs 25,000 pounds.

A NEW UNIVERSAL DRILL.

The Bickford Drill and Tool Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, have recently placed on the market the full universal radial drill here illustrated. This machine possesses a number of novel features and gives evidence throughout of a bold effort to introduce every means of augmenting production. The machine is provided with double the usual number of speeds and feeds, both of which are operated through nests of gears that give instantly any speed and feed without stopping the spindle A dial depth gage for reading all depths from zero, instead of between intermediate points on a fixed scale; a multiple automatic trip that can be set to operate at as many different depths as there are holes to be drilled at one setting of the work; an absolute safety device for preventing the spindle from feeding too far, and a tapping device that operates at all speeds, are features of this machine.

One of the novel features of the machine is the combined zero depth gage and multiple automatic trip. This trip is shown in the figure, set for drilling two holes. The setting is a very simple operation, a graduated dial being turned until it stops, when the dogs are set by the graduations according to the depth to De drilled. Any of the dogs can be rendered inoperative-if it is desired to drill beyond them-by simply lifting the latch on the clutch pawl, and if by inadvertence an intermediate dog is to trip, the feed can be continued without interruption by throwing the clutch in by hand.

The safety stop consists of a steel pin permanently secured in the face of the tripping gear and operates by tripping a fixed lip on the feed clutch pawl. It is impossible by any adjustment of the machine to traverse the spindle beyond the point at which this safety stop trips the feed, and the feed, in fact, cannot be thrown in again until the spindle has been raised.

Great rigidity of frame has been aimed at by making both the arm and column of pipe section, so as to most strongly resist both twisting and bending stresses. The base is provided with a circular arc slot from which the end of the arm can be supported whenever the work being done calls for exceptional rigidity. Three sizes and four styles of this machine are now being built from designs and patents of Mr. H. M. Norris, the Bickford Co.'s works manager. The three sizes drill to the center of 8, 10 and 12-foot circles respectively. The illustration shows the smallest, the length of spindle feed of which is 15 inches.

A GROUP OF SMALL TOOLS ARRANGED FOR CONVENIENT REFERENCE.

ELECTRIC CENTER GRINDER.

The Browning Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., makers of electric motors from 1-20 to 10 horse power, have completed and perfected an electrical center grinder that will be found a great improvement over many of the grinders now in use in which the emery wheel is driven by a more or less cumbersome mechanical device.

The grinder is designed to be clamped in the tool post of the lathe and of course has any of the movements of the lathe tool block, the same as any lathe tool. In addition to these adjustments the wheel may be given a longitudinal or axial movement independent of the motor and grinder frame. This

New Bickford Universal Drill.

The power is applied to a single driving pulley and is transmitted to the center shaft through the medium of a speed box mounted on the base at the left of the column. The single lever shown gives any one of four speeds without stopping any part of the machine. The back gears also furnish, for each set of driving gears, four changes of speed, each of which exerts at the spindle more than double the pulling power of the next faster one. They are incased in a box located on the back of the arm, from whence levers project to the front of the machine. The speed box and back-gear case give together 16 spindle speeds, each of which is obtained instantly by merely throwing the levers one way or the other. The proper location of this lever to give the correct speed for different metals and diameters of drills is shown in the figure attached to the front of the arm.

The speed box takes the place of the customary cone pulley. The advantages claimed for it are that it does away with all belt shifting; prolongs the life of the belt; gives great economy of power-the belt speed being constant and the pull, therefore, directly proportional to the power absorbed at the drill; it can be driven with unimpaired convenience from below the floor, when the arm is free to describe a full circle about the column; it permits setting the machine at right angles to the line shafting by using a quarter twist belt and is equally efficient when driven electrically because it permits the direct connection of a constant speed motor.

Electrically-driven Center Grinder.

is accomplished by making the grinder armature with a hollow shaft, within which is the solid shaft attached to the emery wheel. The operator can give a reciprocating motion to the wheel and shaft by aid of the knob seen at the right-hand end of the shaft in the illustration.

The Browning grinder is not only a center grinder, but may be used for many other shop operations, such as grinding shafts, the face or center of dies, etc., and can be used in the planer or milling machine if desired. In the tool room it is useful for sharpening milling cutters, reamers, etc. It is made for either 110 or 220 volts, direct current, weighs about 20 pounds, and is supplied with a cord and plug for attaching to the electric light socket over the machine on which it is to be used.

DROP-FORGED CALIPER GAGE BLANKS.

J. H. Williams & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y., have added a series of steel blanks for caliper gages to the list of forgings which they carry in stock. These are in the form of double-end

gages, as shown in the accompanying illustrations, for sizes from 4 inch up to 3 inches; and for sizes from 3 inches to 4 inches they are in the form of single-end C gages. These blanks are furnished in the unfinished state only and may be finished by the purchaser in a variety of ways to suit his requirements. The double-end gages, besides being finished with a single dimension at each end, as in Fig. 1, may be made in a variety of other ways for more than one or two sizes, or as limit gages. In Fig. 2, is a gage with one end of

exact dimensions and the other end for the plus and minus limits allowed. In Fig. 3, is a gage of the "go on" and "not go on" variety; two combinations. In Fig. 4, is a plain gage with four dimensions. The letter panels of these gages and the sides of the jaws are on the same plane and may be finished by a single grinding or polishing operation. If desired, the gages will be supplied of steel, suitable for temper ing, and will also be made in sizes up to 6 inches.

LARGE LATHE DOG FOR HEAVY WORK.

A double-screw straight tail dog of new design is here illustrated. The manufacturers of this dog, the Billings & Spencer Co., Hartford, Conn., have taken into consideration the fact that recent improvements in lathe tool steel have led lathe builders to make heavier and stronger machines, powerful enough to do heavy work like turning large shafts, rolls, gun work, etc., and have prepared to meet the demand for large dogs suitable for this purpose. The dogs are made in two sizes, 5 and 6 inches, and weigh 25 and 35 pounds respectively.

Extra Heavy Lathe Dog

LATHE AND PLANER TOOL HOLDER. The expense of using the costly self-hardening and highspeed steels for lathe and planer tools may be greatly reduced by the use of small sections of the steel in suitable tool-holders, as every one appreciates who is in the machine business. In most of these holders setscrews are used for

Fig. 1. New Tool Holder.

clamping the steel in the holder. Unless the holders are carefully looked after they are likely to become hollowed out on the seat directly beneath the point of the setscrew, which condition results in the steel cutter being either

bent or broken when attempting to clamp it. The cuts, Figs. 1 and 2, show a new holder made by Storey & Sons, Mount Holly, N. J., which utilizes the clamping effect of the tool-post to hold the cutter in the tool-holder. The holder is made in two parts, each of which is grooved for the reception of the cutter. The two parts are hinged together at the back ends so as to be readily opened when removed from the tool-post. The hinge prevents the two

parts becoming separated and lost as would likely be the case if they were not fastened together. The clamping effect of the tool-post screw is distributed throughout a considerable part of the cutter so there is little or no liability of breaking it in the manner alluded to. Fig. 1 shows a holder for square steel such as used in turning and Fig. 2 is a holder for steel of narrow and deep section, such as used for cutting-off purposes, and it is designed for that use.

NIPPLE HOLDERS.

The self-closing oil cups made by W. W. and C. F. Tucker, Hartford, Conn., are now manufactured in a new form shown herewith, adapted for use on connecting-rod bearings, eccentric-rod straps, etc., on automobile engines. Heretofore the only means for oiling these important parts of the engine has been by a small hole drilled through the straps. These holes readily fill up with dirt and from the fact that the operator has to reach under the carriage to get at them are not easily accessible. The self-closing top oilers are designed especially to overcome this trouble and the oil holes can be reached, no matter in what position the rods n ay be. The oilers have an unusually large reservoir for oil.

New Type Oil Cups.