Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events

acts of the Legislature, 16–19; bill to prohibit the sale of
seed-cotton, 16; defense of its constitutionality, 17; de-
cided unconstitutional by the Court, 17; discussion of
finances and taxation, 17; report on abuse of authority by
Federal officials, 18; discussion on repealing the law re-
quiring ballots to be numbered, 18; provisions for the
public-school revenues, 19; the schools, 19; the Univer-
sity, 19; the charter of Mobile extinguished, 20; pro-
visional government for the city, 20; the legal question
of repealing municipal charters, 21; commercial decline
of Mobile, 21; its debts, 21; delinquent taxes, 22; State
finances, 22; State institutions, 23; judicial opinions on

the ironclad oath, 24; extortions of revenue officers, 24,

decision under a local freight law, 24.

Alaska.-Relations of inhabitants to the United States Gov

ernment, 25; organization of a civil government in Sitka,

25; disposition of the Indians, 26; resources and pros-

pects of the country, 26.

Alcoholic stimulants, cost and consumption of, in the United

States, 24.

ALEKO PASHA.-Governor of Eastern Roumelia, 26; his life

and character, 26.

ALEXANDER I.—Prince of Bulgaria, 26; his lineage, 26; life

and military services in the Turkish war, 26.

Algeria.—Area and population, 26; ex-Governor Chanzy on
the administration of the colony, 27; Governor Grévy
announces his policy, 27; disturbances in Aures, 27; the

projected Sahara railway, 27.

ALLEN, WILLIAM.-Governor of Ohio, 27; his life and politi-

cal career, 27, 28.

America.-Protection in Canada, 29; United States affairs,

28; South American difficulties, 29.

AMES, Bishop EDWARD P.-His life and clerical services, 29.

Anglican Churches.-List of bishoprics, 80; Church statis-

tics of the British Empire, 30; proceedings of the Con-

vocation of Canterbury, 30, 81; do. of the Convocation of

York, 31; question of the revision of the Prayer-Book,

81; overtures to the Old Catholics, 32; the Mackonochie

case, 82; another ritualistic case, 82; the construction of

the Church discipline act, 83; missionary society meet-

ings, 38; episcopal changes, 34; church societies, 84; the

Church Congress, 85; the Irish Synod. 36.

Animal-Plants and Plant-Animals.—Experiments with

insectivorous plants, 36; peptones found in plants, 36;

chlorophyl and its action in certain lower animals, 87.

Animals, Live.-American exports of living animals. 168.

Argentine Republic.-The members of the administration,

87; financial statements, 38; commercial statisties, 35;

the Patagonian question, 88.

Arkansas.-Vote for Governor, 38; investigation of at-

tempted bribery in the election of a United States Sen-
ator, 89; cruelty to animals act, 39; a law concerning
mortgages, 40; resolution on the investigation of the
Teller Committee, 40; financial condition of the State,
41; the "Loughborough bonds," 41; resolution on repu-
diating the railroad and levee bonds, 42; white settlement
of Indian Territory demanded, 42; table of the different
tribes and reservations, 43; the condition of the Territory,
43; proclamation of President Hayes regarding the agita-
tion looking to the appropriation of the Indian lands for
white occupation, 43; railroads, 44; homestead rights of
settlers extended, 44; public schools, 44; militia, 45; Hot
Springs reservation, 45; colored convention, 45, election
returns for 1878, 46.

Army of the United States.-Its numerical strength, 46; the

Ute tribes, 46; the Ute outbreak in Colorado, 46; the
Indian administration, 47; question of its transfer to the
War Department, 48; statistics of the reservations, 48;
expenditures of the War Department, 48; mortality in
the army, 48; surveys of the Territories, 48; ordnance
trials, 49; the Fitz-John Porter case, 49.
Arsenical poisoning from wall-paper, 4.
Asia.-Afghan difficulties, 50; Burmah's threatening attitude,

50; Russian movements in Turkistan, 50; Russia re-
stores Kulja to China, 50; Japan obtains the Loochoo
Islands, 50; England and Asiatic Turkey, 50; religious
movements, 51; table of the Christian population, 51.
Astronomical Phenomena and Progress.-Sun-spots, 51;
discoveries of minor planets, 51; comets, 51; Jupiter's
spots, 51; density of Saturn, 52; meteoric showers, the
August and the November meteors, 52; origin of the
latter, 52; fire-ball seen in England, 58; meteorites seen
in Minnesota and Indiana, 53; Professor Hall awarded
the British medal, 53.

Atacama, the Desert of, 82.

ATKINS, J. D. C.—Representative from Tennessee, 198, 251;
on the judicial appropriation bill, 244-246; on the bill in
extra session, 274; presents an amended appropriation
bill, 291.

Audiphone, an instrument for making the deaf hear, 54.
Australasia and Polynesia.-Increase of population in Brit-
ish colonies, table, 54; religious statistics, 55; public
affairs of New South Wales, 55; International Exhi-
bition at Sydney, 55; Victorian affairs, 56, 57; question
of imperial control, 56; Parliamentary proceedings, 56;
islands attached to Queensland, 57; New Zealand Parlia-
ment, 57; difficulty with the Maoris, 57; census of New
Zealand, 58; the Chinese question, 58; revolt in New
Caledonia, 58; missionary labors, 58, 59.
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.-The imperial family, 59;
members of the Government, 59; biographical sketches
of the ministers, 59; area and population, 60; vital sta-
tistics, 61; the universities, 61; finances, 61; the debt,
61; commerce, 62; shipping, 62; railroads, 62; army and
navy, 62; the occupied Turkish provinces, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 62; the Reichsrath, 62, 63; debate on the
Treaty of Berlin, 62, 63; question of the unity of the em-
pire, 63; Cabinet changes, 63; the elections and the for-
mation of the new Cabinet, 64; opening of the new Reichs-
rath, 64; the speech from the throne, 64; the Lower
House, 65; meeting of the delegations, 65; Andrassy re-
signs, and Baron Haymerle appointed Prime Minister,
65; administration of the occupied provinces, 66; con-
vention with Turkey, 66; military occupation of Novi-
Fazar, 66; commercial treaty with France, 66; confer-
ences between Andrassy and Bismarck and the two Em-
perors, 67; a Protestant church in Innspruck, 67.

Baptists-Statistics of the denomination, 67, 68; missionary
societies, 68, Southern Baptist Convention, 69; German
Baptists, 69; Scandinavian Baptists, 70. Free-Will Bap-
tists: statistics, 70; allied associations, 70; church so-
cieties, 70. Seventh-Day Baptists: statistics, 71; Con-
ference, 71. Brethren or Tunkers: rite of feet-washing,
etc., 71. Canadian Baptists, 72. British Baptists: statis-
tics, 72, meetings and societies, 72; the Scotch Union,
78; General Baptists, 73. German Baptists, 73.
BARRY, General W. FARQUHAR.-Life and military services,
73, 74.

BATTLE, Judge WILLIAM HERN.-Life and services, 74.
BAYARD, THOMAS F.-Senator from Delaware, 198, 249; on
resolutions to investigate the freedom of recent elections,
201, 204, 205.

BECK, JAMES B.-Senator from Kentucky, 193, 249; on the
judicial appropriation bill, 248; on the amended appro-
priation bill, 292.

Beet, New Product from the Sugar.-Utilization of the ref-
use for cattle-food, rum, potash, 75; new mode of ob-
taining chloride of methyl, 75; its remarkable refrigerat-
ing properties, 75.

Belgium.-The royal family, 76; population, 76; religious
and vital statistics, 76; Treasury statement, 76; commer-
cial movement, 77; the question of primary education in
the Chambers, 77; the Church and the new school law,
77.

BITTER, K. H.-Prussian Minister of Finance, biographical
notice, 740.

BLAINE, JAMES G.-American statesman, 78; life and ca-
reer, 78, 79; speech on his resolution for an inquiry into
the practice of intimidation at elections, 193-196; debate
on the same, 201, 202, 203, 204; on the army appropria-
tion bill in extra session, 260-262; on the bill to prevent
military interference at elections, 270; letter on the de-
cline of American shipping and proposal of measures to
encourage ship-building, 887, 888.
Bolivia.-Her material resources and commercial backward-
ness, 80; her mining industries, 80; products of the soil,
80; elements of the population, 81; estimated imports,
81; revenue and expenditures, 81; the debt, 81; the
Chilian boundary, historical review, 82; the Desert of
Atacama, 82; the treaty of 1874, 82; Peruvian machina-
tions and the breach of the treaty, 88; hostile prepara-
tions, 83; Chilian forces occupy Mejillones, 83; decree of
the Bolivian President, 88; expulsion of the Peruvian
envoy from Santiago, 84; composition of the Peruvian
executive, 84; overthrow of the Government, 84; text of
the Chilo-Bolivian boundary treaties, 84, 85.
Bonaparte family, genealogical table, 85.
BONAPARTE, Mrs. ELIZABETH PATTERSON.-Birth and fam-
ily, 86; married to Jerome Bonaparte, 86; repudiated by
Napoleon, S6; he obtains their separation, 87; her efforts
to obtain recognition, 87; her wealth, 87; personal traits,
88; her death, 88.

BONAPARTE, THE PRINCE IMPERIAL LOUIS.-Birth and edu-
cation, 88; political shrewdness, 88; departs for Zooloo-
land, 89; letter to Rouher, 89; assegaied by the savages,
89; his successor appointed in his will, 89.
BONAParte, Prince NAPOLEON.-Becomes the pretender to
the imperial succession, 894.

Bosnia and Herzegovina.—Statistics of the provinces occu-
pied by Austria, 62.

Brahmo Somaj.-Movement for the reform of Brahmanism,
89; history of the Brahmo Somaj, 90; tendencies toward
Christianity, 90; the new Brahmo Somaj and its leader,
Sen, 90; doctrines of the reform parties, 91; incorpora-
tion of Christian ideas into Brahmanical doctrine, 91;
belief in a living God, 91; signs of a religious awaken-
ing, 91.

Brazil. The Emperor and his Cabinet, 91; resignation of
the Naval Minister, 92; his reasons, 98; members of
the Council of State and the provincial presidents, 98;
the army and navy, 93; revenues and expenditures, 93;
the debt, 94; commerce, 94; the Emperor's address, 94.
BUDINGTON, Rev. Dr. WILLIAM IVES.-Biographical sketch,

94.

Bulgaria.-Creation of the principality, 95; statistics, 95;
assembly of notables, 95; address of the Russian com-
missioner, 95; character of the constituent National As-
sembly, 95; its proceedings, 96; an electoral assembly
choose Prince Battenberg to be Prince of Bulgaria, 97;
the Prince visits the European courts, 97; arrives and
appoints a Cabinet, 97; manifestations of popular discon
tent, 98.

Burmah.-Mandalay, the capital, 98; despotic character of
the government, 98; frequency of revolts, 99; the late
King and his commercial projects, 99; the first embassy
to Europe, 100; history of diplomatic relations with Eng-
land, 100; how Thebaw obtained the throne, 100; atro-
cious massacre of his relations, 101; death of the British
Resident, Mr. Shaw, 101; his career, 102; boundary dis-
pute with England, 102.

capture of Cetywayo, 126; text of the treaty with the
Zooloo chiefs, 126, 127; death of the Prince Imperial,
127; the Duke of Cambridge's letters and his explana-
tion, 129; trial of Lieutenant Carey, 128; disaffection of
the Transvaal Boers, 128; Secocoeni's outbreak, 128; the
question of a South African Confederation, 128; annexa-
tion of territory to Cape Colony, 129.
Carbonate Ores.--Mining at Leadville, 161.

Burritt, Elihu.-His life, literary attainments, and philan- CAREY, HENRY CHARLES.-An American political economist,
thropic schemes, 102.

BUTLER, M. C.-Senator from South Carolina, 193, 250; on
resolutions to inquire into recent elections, 202–204.
BUTT, ISAAC.-Irish lawyer and political leader, 108; his life,
Parliamentary career, and connection with the Home-Rule
party, 103.

California.-Provisions of the new State Constitution, 103–

107; optional juries and majority verdicts, 103; the Chi-

nese excluded from citizenship, 104; provisions relating

to the Legislature, 104; every act shall embrace but a

single subject, 104; sales of stock on a margin or for

future delivery made illegal, 104; no appropriations for

sectarian purposes, 104; gifts and subsidies forbidden,

104; legislative regulation of so-called monopolies, 105;

lobbying made a felony, 105; the executive and the judi-

ciary, 105; the school system, 105; local and municipal

debts abolished, 105, 106; liability of stockholders for cor-

porate debts, 106; regulation of railroads, 106; property,

income, and poll taxes, 106, 107; no bonded State debt,

107; restriction of Chinese labor, 107; duelists and bribe-

takers disfranchised, 107; laborers' lien and eight-hour

laws, 107; provisions for the vote on the Constitution,

108; the campaign, 108; Republican declarations, 108;

the returns of the election, 108, 109; diminished vote in

the mining districts, 109; jubilation of the workingmen,

109; changes in political divisions of the State, 109; Work-

ingmen's nominations and platform, 109-111; Republican

nominations and platform, 111, 112; reduction of railroad

rates demanded, 112; nominations and platform of the

New Constitution party, 112, 118; nominations and plat-

form of the Democratic party, 113, 114; nominations of

the Prohibitionists, 114, 115; election regulations in San

Francisco, 115; returns of the State election, 115; the

State debt, 115, 116; the tax levy, 116; school statistics,

116, 117; insurance do., 117; railroads, 117, 118; finan-

cial condition of the Central Pacific, 112, 118; results of

State surveys, 118; the wool-clip, 118; wheat and flour

export, 118; agricultural advantages of the climate, 119;

the lumber-trade, 119; the fruit-trade, 119; the question

of the injury to valleys from hydraulic mining in liti-

gation, 119, 120; judicial decision on cutting off the pig-

tails of Chinese prisoners, 120.

CALL, WILKINSON.-Elected Senator from Florida, 871; bio-

graphical particulars, 371.

Canals.-Proposed Delaware and Maryland ship-canal, 810,
811, 589; projected barge-line across Florida, 877, 378;
Isthmus canal, 503-513.

Cape Colony and British South Africa.-Area and pop-

ulation, 121; religious statistics, 121; finances, 121; the

Zooloo war, 121-128; the alleged causes, 121; the boun-

dary commission, 121, 122; invasion of Zoolooland, 122;

Cetywayo's military system, 123; the Isandula disaster,

123; British reverse on the Intombi, 124; Cetywayo

sues for peace, 124; Pearson shut in at Ekowe, 124;

British victory at Ginglelova, 124; engagement at Kam-

bula, 125; Cety wayo's pacific efforts, 125; reorganization

of the British forces, 125; negotiations for peace, 125;

the battle of Ulundi, 126; dispersion of Zooloos and

129; his life and writings, 129.

CASSAGNAC, PAUL DE.-His violent language in the French
Chamber, 891.

Cassequeres.—A race of white negroes, 406.

CAZOT, T. J. J.-French Cabinet Minister, biographical no-
tice, 386.

Cereals.-Production and exports of different countries, 165-

167.

CHALMERS, J. R.-Representative from Mississippi, 198, 250;

on the army appropriation bill in extra session, 258, 254;

on the judicial appropriation bill in extra session, 277,

278.

CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH.-United States Senator, 129; his

life, political career, and death, 129; speech against the

bill to prevent the presence of the army at elections, 270,

271; historical parallel with the repeal of the Missouri

Compromise, 271; on the judicial appropriation bill, 287,

288; a much-cited letter, 288; reminiscences of secession

times, 288; the South demands to rule or ruin, 288.

Chemistry.-Draper's discovery of oxygen in the sun, 190,

181; explosive gelatine, 181; its superiority to nitro-

glycerine, 182; its improvement by Abel, 182; aniline

salts, 182; the constitution of the elements, 188; former

doubts of their elementary character, 183; Lockyer's

spectroscopic evidence of their compound nature, 183;

the hotter a star the simpler its spectrum, 183; solar sub-

stances identified with hydrogen, 184; composition for

preventing iron from rusting, 184; spectrum of the sun's

corona, 184; nitric acid produced by the electric light,

135; water-analysis and sanitation, 185; nature of indigo

dye, 185; solubility of solids in gases, 136; detection of

organic matter in drinking-water, 186; discoveries of

new metals, 187; a new alkaloid, 187.

CHEVALIER, MICHEL.-A French political economist, 187; h

life, works, and doctrines, 187.

Chili.-The Patagonian question, 189; population statistics,

189; the system of administration, 189; army and navy,

189; revenue and expenditure, 139; inflation of the ear-

rency, 140; government issue of paper money, 141; com-

merce and shipping, 141; railroads and telegraphs, 141;

the system of public education, 142.

China.-Area and population, 142; commerce, 142; the

opium-trade, 142; Chinese supremacy in Nepaul and

Burmah, 148; steam cotton-milling introduced, 143;

diamond-mining in Shantung, 143; the rebellion of Li-

Yung-tsai, 143, 144; revolt on the island of Hainan, 144;

reasons for the Russian occupation of Kulja, 144; Hakim

Khan attempts to seize Kashgaria, 145; barbarous treat-
ment by the government of the sons of Yakoob Beg,
145; Kuo-Tung-tao, the late ambassador to Great Brit-

ain, 146; General Grant in China, 146; improvements in

the diplomatic service, 146; the conquered rebels of

Yunnan offered allurements to change their religion, 145;

Protestant missions in China, 147.

Chinese Emigration.-Anti-Chinese movement in Austral-

asia, 58; Chinese disfranchised by the Californian Con-

stitution, 104; corporations forbidden to employ Chinese

labor, 107; vetoed bill to restrict emigrants to fifteen on

a ship, 218-224.

Chloride of Methyl.-A remarkable refrigerating agent, ob-

tained from the sugar-beet, 75.

COCHERY, LOUIS ADOLPHE.-French Cabinet Minister, bio-
graphical notice, 886, 387.
COFFEOTH, A. H.-Representative from Pennsylvania, 251;
on the judicial appropriation bill in extra session, 274,
275.

COLLINS, Judge THOMAS WHARTON.-Biographical sketch,

147.

Colombia.-Members of the Government, 147; revenue and

expenditures, 148; proposed customs reform, 148; the
debt, 148; commerce, 148, 149; coffee culture, 149; a new
railway, 149; mineral prospects, 149; riot in Bucaraman-
ga, 149; difficulties of national Government without a
Federal capital, 150; the Liberals elect the next Presi-
dent, 150.

Colorado.-Results of the State election, 150; election of

United States Senator, 150; Congress petitioned to re-

move the Utes from their reservation, 150; its value and

extent, 150; the code versus common-law practice, 151;

civil-damage temperance act, 151; public irrigation sys-

tem, 151; the grant of the Government lands demanded

for the development of the irrigation-works, 152; educa-

tional suffrage qualification discussed, 152; the School of

Mines sustained, 153; woman suffrage, 153; cattle law,

153; fish-preservation act, 158; law of placer claims,

154; the State debt, 154; assessment law, 154; public

schools, 155; public lands, 155; agricultural progress,

155; mining development, 155; election of a Judge and

the party platforms, 155, 156; tax valuation, 156; live-

stock and railroad valuations, 156; growth of Leadville,

156; sanitary neglect and ignorance, 157; railroad feud,

158; victory of the Santa Fé line, 158; the Grand Cañon

railroad war, 159; engineering on a war footing, 159;
legal and military railroad tactics, 160; the grandeur of
the gorge and its engineering difficulties, 160; Leadville's
carbonates, 161.

Commerce, International.-Growth of modern commerce,

161; annual increase of British exports, (1836–72), 161 ;

increase of French exports, 161; of American (1835–'72),

161; influence on commerce of the gold discoveries, 162;

the present aggregate commerce of the world, 162; table

of international commerce, 162; the late crisis, 163; at-

tributed to contraction, 163; the world's stock of pre-

cious metals, 163; evils of silver demonetization, 164;

demonetization imperils the solvency of debtor nations,

164; the public debts of the world, 164; the signs of de-

pression in France, 164, 165; exceptional prosperity of

food-producing countries, 165; the international grain-

trade, 165-167; England's food requirements, 165; table

of grain exports from the United States to England, 166;

production and exports of European countries, 166; do.

of Australia and India, 167; the potato-trade, 167; the

international trade in provisions, 167, 168; American

meat exports, 167; hams and bacon, 167; lard, 167;

pickled meat, 167; British imports of butter, 167; inter-

national cheese-trade, 168; American exports of fresh

meat and live animals, 168; the sugar-trade, 169; pro-

duction in the different countries of cane-sugar, 169; Eu-

ropean beet-sugar product, 169; consumption of the lead-

ing nations, 169; wine-trade and production, 169; the

different European crops, 169; champagne consumption,

169; French wine-culture, 169; crops and exports of

other lands, 169; the tobacco-trade, 170; production and

exports of the United States, 170; Havana cigars, 170;

Manila cheroots, 170; the European crop, 170; European

crops, 170; average consumption of different countries,

170; the German product and demand, 170; takings of

the Italian Régie, 171; the cotton-trade, 171, 172; depres-

sion in 1878, 171; comparative statement of British

manufacture and exports, 171; table of comparative cost

and prices of manufactures, 171; table of the consump-

tion of raw and of manufactured cotton in all lands, 172;
comparative table of manufacture in the leading coun-
tries, 172; the wool-trade, 172, 178; Australian wool,
178; comparative European imports, 178; woolen trade
in 1877, 178; the silk-trade, 178; the world's production,

173; decreased export of French manufactured silk, 178;

the coal and iron trade, 178, 174; retrospect of British coal-

mining, 178; the world's product of raw iron, 178; do. of
manufactured, 174; table giving the increase of manu-
factures in all countries, 174; the British puddling-trade,
174; Bessemer production, 174; the petroleum-trade,
174, 175; British trade review, 175-178; signs of depres-
sion in England, 175; failure of the City of Glasgow
Bank, 175; Parliamentary investigation of the Stock Ex-

change, 176; comparative prices of leading commodities,

177; recent fluctuations, 177; values of British imports

in 1878 compared with 1877, 177; export and import

trade for nine months of 1879, 178; growth of the foreign

trade of France, 178; French trade in 1878, 179; exports

and imports for eight months of 1879, 179; fluctuations

of values on the Bourse, 179; Belgian trade in 1877, 179;

review of trade in Germany, 180; classified table of ex-

ports and imports for three years, 180; the new German

tariff, 180; Italian trade in 1877, 181; statistics for six

months of 1879, 181; the foreign trade of Egypt, 181; the

trade of British India, 181, 182; table of exports and im-

ports for twelve years, 182; British imports of silver and

shipments to the East for twelve years, 182; the foreign

commerce of Canada, 182; table for ten years, 182; the

trade of 1878, 182.

Commerce of the United States.-Its magnitude, 182; os-

cillations of the balance of trade, 183; enormous recent
excess of exports, 188; growth of American commerce,
188; decline of American shipping, 184; recent develop-
ment in the exportation of raw materials, 184; crops of

1879, 184; free trade or protection, 184; table of exports

of manufactured products, 185; table showing American

commerce with the different countries for a series of years,

185; table showing the share of the different countries in

American commerce in 1878, 186; character of the trade

with the different countries, 186, 187; America's exports

of finished products, 188, 189; the neutral markets, 188;

honest goods, 188; tasty packing, 188; American cot-

tons, 188; American hardware in England, 188; new

products, 189; trade for nine months of 1879, 189.

Communists.-The French amnesty bill, 389; the number

pardoned, 893.