tional Assembly, November 11, 1875. The law orders every arrondissement to elect one deputy, and, if its population is in excess of 100,000, an additional deputy for each 100,000 or portion thereof. The area of France, according to the latest official calculations, is 204,092 square miles. The population, according to the census of 1876, was 36,905,788. The table on page 383 exhibits the area of each department, its pop ulation according to the censuses of 1872 and 1876, and the movement of population in 1876. The movement of population from 1867 to 1876 was as follows: YEARS. to overlie each other in a treble series, once in 1869.. 1867... 1,007,515 1870.. 944,115 1871.. 826,121 1878.. 1874... 954,652 781,706 I. 0.28 The relation of marriages to the total population from 1870 to 1876 was as follows: YEARS. 1870.. 1871.. 1872. 1873.. 1875.. 1876.. Engineers: Active army. Territorial army Total engineers... Pontoniers, active army This gives a total of 1,031,300 men for the active army, and 535,850 for the territorial army; in all, 1,567,150 men. For the train, the administration, and the sanitary troops, there would still be necessary 155,000 men for the active and 58,150 for the territorial army; which would give the following result: Active army.. Territorial army Total...... 1,186,300 594,000 1,780,800 The navy on January 1, 1879, comprised 258 vessels. Of these, 66 were ironclads (32 large war vessels and 34 for coast defense), 156 steamers (44 cruisers, 29 transport vessels, 40 dispatch-boats, 36 gun-boats, 7 torpedo-boats), and 36 sailing vessels. The foreign trade of France is officially divided into "commerce général," which comprises the entire imports and exports, including goods in transit, and "commerce spécial," which embraces the imports consumed and the exports produced within the country. The following table exhibits the movements of French commerce from 1859 to 1878: to depositors 769,034,686 francs. According to a report of the Minister of Commerce on the savings banks in France, the number of depositors in 1870, before the war, was 2,130,000; in 1872, 2,016,000; in 1875, 2,642,000; in 1877, 2,863,000; and in 1878, over 3,000,000. The deposits in this interval rose correspondingly from 711,000,000f. in 1870 to 1,010,000,000f. in 1878. From 1851 to 1870 (18 years) the whole progress made was 1,500,000 in the case of the number of depositors, and 553,000,000f. as regards the deposits. The French colonies and dependencies had, according to the latest official reports, the following area and population: dent of the Council and Minister for Foreign Affairs; Léon Say, Finance; M. de Marcère, Interior; M. Leroyer, Justice; Jules Ferry, Public Instruction and Fine Arts; M. Lepère, Agriculture; M. de Freycinet, Public Works; General Gresley, War; and Admiral Jauréguiberry, Marine. On March 3d M. de Marcère resigned, and was replaced by M. Lepère, who was succeeded by M. Tirard in the department of Agriculture. This Cabinet was succeeded on December 28th by that of M. de Freycinet (see above). For a biographical sketch of Freycinet, see FREYCINET. CAZOT, THEODORE JULES JOSEPH, Minister of Justice, was born February 11, 1821. In 1870 he was Secretary of the Home Ministry, accompanied the delegation to Tours and Bordeaux, and followed Gambetta in his retreat. He was elected to the Senate from the department of Gard in 1876, and is a member of the Extreme Left. LEPÈRE, EDME CHARLES PHILIPPE, Minister of the Interior, was born February 1, 1823. He was a member of the National Assembly of 1871, and in 1876 was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from the department of Yonne, and has retained his seat at each succeeding election. He is a member of the Extreme Left, and was for a long time President of the Republican Union. He was also at one time VicePresident of the Chamber, and held the same position he now holds in the Waddington Cabi net. MAGNIN, JOSEPH, Minister of Finance, was born January 1, 1824. He was chosen Minister of Commerce and Agriculture, September 4, 1870, and rendered valuable services to Paris during the siege. He was elected a Life Senator in 1875, and belongs to the Republican Left. (See "Annual Cyclopædia" for 1875, page 321.) VARROY, HENRI Auguste, Minister of Public Works, was born March 25, 1826. He is well known as an able engineer, was a member of the National Assembly, and was elected to the Senate from Meurthe-et-Moselle in 1876. He has always voted with the Republican Left. FARRE, General, Minister of War, was born in 1816. He belongs to neither Chamber. He was selected for the post he now holds in the Dufaure Cabinet when General Borel resigned, and was put forward by M. Gambetta; but Marshal MacMahon refused to appoint him, as he had never held the position of chief of an army corps. JAUREGUIBERRY, Admiral, Minister of the Navy, is a member of the Senate, of which he was elected a life-member on May 27, 1879. TIRARD, PIERRE EMMANUEL, Minister of Commerce, was born September 27, 1827. He was a member of the Commune, but resigned at the first session; was a member of the National Assembly for Paris, and afterward of the Chamber of Deputies; and always acted with the Left, belonging to the Republican Union. COCHERY, LOUIS ADOLPHE, Minister of Posts |