TAXES ON INSURANCE COMPANIES IN OHIO.

TABULAR STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE TAXABLE VALUATION AT WHICH THE PROPERTY OF THE INSURANCE COMPANIES OF OHIO, AND OF THE AGENCIES OF FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES, WAS ENTERED ON THE DUPLICATE OF 1854, TOGETHER WITH THE AMOUNT OF TAXES CHARGED THEREON IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES IN WHICH SAID COMPANIES AND AGENCIES ARE LOCATED, DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE TAXES FOR STATE PURPOSES AND THOSE ASSESSED UNDER A LEVY BY TOWN, CITY, AND COUNTY AUTHORITY:

Total taxable

49 7

In the counties marked thus (*) the penalty of 50 per cent is included in the taxable valuation.

THE INSURANCE LAW OF KENTUCKY,

FROM THE STATUTE LAW ADOPTED IN 1840 AND REVISED IN 1850.

SEC. 1. The tax on an agent of any insurance company or association of individuals, acting without the authority of an act of incorporation granted by the Commonwealth

of Kentucky, to effect insurance against loss or damage of any kind to life or property, on water or on land, in or out of this Commonwealth, in any way or manner, or on agencies to grant annuities, shall be two dollars and fifty cents upon each one hundred dollars of the premium received or agreed to be received by such agent or other person for him for insurance effected or upon policies granted.

SEO. 2. The agents referred to in the foregoing section shall, on the first Mondays in May and November in each year, file with the Clerk of the County Court of the county in which he resides and transacts business, a true and correct list and statement of all such premiums received or agreed to be received within the six months next preceding, verified by his oath before the clerk, and pay to the clerk the tax aforesaid."

The agent or person who violates any of the provisions of this and the preceding section, or fails to comply with the same, besides the amount of tax, shall forfeit and pay one thousand dollars; and the principals of such agents shall also be liable to the like penalty, and may be proceeded against by proper remedies in law or equity, whereby to secure and compel the payment of the same.

STATISTICS OF POPULATION, &c.

RESULTS OF THE CENSUS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

NUMBER VIII.

GENERAL RESULTS OF THE CENSUS.

The inquiry exhibits, up to the present time, the area and the population of every county, town, parish, township, or place, having a defined boundary, at the date of each of the six censuses that have been taken since the year 1801, as well as the proportions of the sexes and the rate of increase of the population. The constituent parts of the English family are then indicated, as well as the proportional numbers of families to dwellings. The distribution of houses and of towns of various orders over the country is shown; the populations of the towns and of the country are separately enumerated. The density and proximity of the population, on the hypothesis of equal distribution, are set forth. The origin of the territorial divisions is discussed. The population of each of the islands in the British archipelago is stated. An account is rendered of the changes and the population of the ancient sub divisions of the country; their irregularities are pointed out; and the in iptness of the hundred, for modern purposes, is recognized. The subdivision of the counties into districts, or unions, and subdistricts, under the acts for the amendment of the poor law and for the registration of births, deaths, and marriages, is described, by which, with the addition of the small districts which were allotted to each enumerator in taking the census, a series is formed of nine orders of territorial division, each including all that precede it―house, enumeration district, township (or parish,) subdistrict, district (or union,) county, division, country-as England and Wales, or Scotland, and, finally, Great Britain.

The most important result which the inquiry establishes is the addition, in half a century, of ten millions of people to the British population. The increase of population in the half of this century nearly equals the increase in all preceding ages; and the addition in the last ten years of two millions three hundred thousand to the inhabitants of these islands, exceeds the increase in the last fifty years of the eighteenth century.

Contemporaneously with the increase of the population at home, emigration has proceeded, since 1750, to such an extent as to people large States in America, and to give permanent possessors and cultivators to the land of large colonies in all the temperate regions of the world, where, by a common language, commercial relations, and the multiplied reciprocities of industry, the people of the new nations maintain an indissoluble union with the parent country. Two other movements of the population have been going on in the United Kingdom-the immigration of the population of Ireland into Great Britain, and the constant flow of the country population into the towns. The current of the Celtic migration is now diverted from these shores, and chiefly flows in the direction of the United States of America, where the wanderers find friends and kindred. The movement of the country population to the towns went on unnoticed by the earlier writers, and it has never yet been clearly exhibited ;

but it is believed that the tables of the birthplace of the inhabitants of the towns and countries will determine its extent and character. It is a peculiarity of this movement in these latter times that it is directed to new points, where the towns engage in a manufacture as one vast undertaking, in which nearly the whole population is concerned, as well as to the county towns and to London.

Amidst all these great and unexampled changes in the population, two questions arise of great importance: "Can the population of Great Britain be sustained at the rate of emigration which is now going on, and which will probably be continued for many years?" To assist in solving this problem, the new question of "matrimonial condition" will enable us to show, in the final publication, the comparative numbers of unmarried and married men and women in the country at each age of life in each district. The solution of a different question of equal difficulty and importance, “Can the population of England be profitably employed?" will be facilitated by the new classification of the people at each age, according to their occupations.

It is one of the obvious physical effects of the increase of population, that the proportion of land to each person diminishes; and the decrease is such that within the last fifty years the number of acres to each person living has fallen from 5.4 to 2.7 acres in Great Britain; from four to two acres in England and Wales. As a countervailing advantage, the people have been brought into each other's neighborhood; their average distance from each other has been reduced in the ratio of 3 to 2; labor has been divided; industry has been organized in towns; and the quantity of produce, either consisting of or exchangeable for the conveniences, elegancies, and necessaries of life, has, in the mass, largely increased, and is increasing at a more rapid rate than the population.

One of the moral effects of the increase of the people is an increase of their mental activity, as the aggregation in towns brings them oftener into combination and collision. The population of the towns is not so completely separated in England as it is in some other countries from the population of the surrounding country; for the walls, gates, and castles which were destroyed in the civil wars, have never been rebuilt, and the population has outgrown the ancient limits, while stone lines of demar cation have never been drawn around the new centers of population; tolls have been collected since a very early period in the market- places, but the system of octroi, involving the examination by customs officers of every article entering within the precincts of the town, has never existed. The freemen in some of the towns enjoyed, anciently, exclusive privileges of trading, but the freedom could always be acquired by the payment of fines; and by the great measure of Municipal Reform (1835) every town has been thrown open to settlers from every quarter. At the same time, too, that the populations of the towns and of the country have become so equally balanced in number-ten millions-and-a-half against ten millions-and-a-half-the union between them has become, by the circumstances that have led to the increase of the towns, more intimate than it was before; for they are now connected together by innumerable relationships, as well as by the associations of trade.

It will be seen in the final publication, that a large proportion of the population in the market towns, the county towns, the manufacturing towns, and the metropolis, was born in the country; and that in England town and country are bound together not only by the intercourse of Commerce and the interchange of intelligence, but by a thousand ties of blood and affection.

The town and the country populations are now so intimately blended, that the same administrative arrangements easily apply to the whole kingdom.

The vast system of towns, in which half the population lives, has its peculiar dangers, which the high mortality and the recent epidemics reveal. Extensive sanitary

arrangements, and all the appliances of physical as well as of social science, are necessary to preserve the natural vigor of the population, and to develop the inexhaustible resources of the English race. The crowding of the people in houses in close streets, and the consequent dissolution of families, arising out of defective house accommodation, are evils which demand attentive consideration.

The activity of the intelligence and religious feelings of the people has led to an increased demand for instruction and for places of public worship. The extent to which this demand has been met has hitherto been imperfectly known, and is not easily determined; but we believe, that as far as the inquiry can be prosecuted in a statistical form, the returns respecting schools, literary institutions, churches, chapels, and congregations, will throw much light upon the educational institutions and the spiritual condition of the people of Great Britain.

EMIGRATION FROM GREAT BRITAIN.

It appears by the Fifteenth General Report of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, dated 30th of August, 1854, lately printed by order of the British Parliament, that during the forty years between January, 1815, and December, 1854, the whole number of emigrants who left the United Kingdom was 4,116,958, of which number nearly three-fifths emigrated during the last eight years, and nearly one-third in the last four years.

The total number who emigrated in 1854 was less than in the two preceding years. The following table will show the destinations to which the emigration has fallen off, and the extent of the decrease :

The great decrease is in the emigration to America, and almost entirely in the number of Irish. Ot the emigrants who left the United Kingdom in 1853, there were 192,609 Irish, but in 1854 only 150,209.

The Commissioners examine the causes of this falling off in the Irish emigration. A decrease to some extent, they say, might have been expected under any circumstances, from the reduction which took place in the population between 1841 and 1850, viz.: from 8,175,134 to 6,515,795, followed by an emigration in the next three years, which must have left the population of Ireland at the beginning of 1854 at little more than 6,000,000. But this does not sufficiently account for the change. The decrease cannot, it seems, be explained by any falling off in the funds applicable to emigration, as the Commissioners found that the amounts remitted through the bankers and merchants, who supplied him with information on the subject, were in 1854 larger than in any previous year. The Commissioners reproduce the returns since they first obtained them-"a testimony of generosity and self-denial unparalleled in the world." The

amounts were in

1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1851. £460,000 £540,000 £957,000 £990,000 £1,404,000 £1,439,000 £1,730,000 The real causes of the decrease are to be found, the Commissioners believe, "in the improved position of the laboring classes in Ireland; and secondly, though in a less degree, in the diminution of employment in the United States, arising from the recent commercial crisis, and to some extent also in the operations of the Know Nothing' party."

The Commissioners infer that the secondary causes alluded to have had some effect in stopping emigration, from the effect they produced on those who had already reached the United States. "In former years the human current flowed only one way; in the last year a considerable return current has set in." During 1854, the number of emigrants who returned from the United States to Liverpool alone amounted to no less than 12,578.

With respect to the general emigration to Australia, it appears that there sailed from Great Britain for Australia in 1854, exclusive of ships chartered by the Commissioners, 152 passenger ships, carrying 35,949 passengers. In addition to which, there were 371 ships, (not carrying a sufficient number to bring them under the Passengers' Act,) carrying 6,223 passengers.

The emigration carried on to the Australian Colonies by the Board of Commissioners, and at the expense of the government, in 1854, was as follows:-127 ships, carrying 41,065 passengers. The total emigration to Australia in 1854 was 83,237 souls, conveyed in 650 ships.

POPULATION, DWELLINGS, AND FAMILIES IN NEW YORK.

The following table, made up from the returns of the Marshals, exhibits the number of people, dwellings, and families, and the average number of families to each dwelling in the several wards of the city of New York:

Wards. Population. Dwellings. Families. house. Wards. Population. Dwellings. Families. house. 1. 13,253 14

699 2,708 312.

18,451

1,776

2,308

The average number of persons to a family in the respective wards may be ascertained by dividing the population by the families. Thus, for example, in the Seventeenth Ward, the largest in population, numbering 60,952 souls, according to the returns, there are 3,479 dwellings and 12,526 families-which averages some eighteen people, and four families to each house, and about five persons to each family. In this ward, however, as in some others, there are dwellings whose occupants may be counted by fifties and by hundreds, crowded together as on shipboard. In the Fifteenth, the aristocratic ward, par excellence, the people number 23,776, the houses 2,269, and the families 3,685, being an average of about three families to every two houses, and something over an average of six persons to each family.

NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

PUBLICATION RESPECTING THE MARKING OF THE WESER CHANNEL. The Chamber of Commerce of Bremen, referring to the publication of the 20th of July last, respecting the alteration in the marking of the channel of the mouth of the Weser, hereby informs all whom it may concern that the alteration of the first Weser Key Buoy, announced in said publication, has taken place:

"The Weser Key Buoy, lying in the mouth of the Weser, (the first buoy on entering,) and which was formerly painted red, has been taken away, and in the place thereof a buoy of similar form and designation, but painted black, has been laid down."

The Chamber of Commerce further informs all whom it may concern that, in consequence of the laying down of buoys, which has lately been completed, the following alterations have taken place in the marking of the channel of the Weser:

"a. The first white outside buoy in the new channel, which was marked No. 1, and which lay at the extreme point of the red lands, has been removed.

"b. In place thereof a black buoy has been laid down, but somewhat more to the northward and further inwards."

This buoy is marked A, and lies in seven fathoms at low water. The bearings thereof are as follows:

The steeple of Wangerooge, S. W. by W. W. The red A, or Pear Buoy, S. W.