Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... percent ) had less than half the literacy rate of males ( 54 percent ) . Indonesian women were almost universally illiterate : among males the literacy rate of 25 percent was bad enough but among women it was just 3 percent . Ethnic ...
... percent their own laundry area , 62 percent their own bathing place ( mandi ) , and 54 percent their own toilet ( about the same proportion as in Jakarta ) ( table 3.23 ) . Access to these amenities was highly correlated with house ...
... percent in 1939 to 28 percent in 1940 , while the share of in- dustry in the total increased from 34.4 percent to 38.6 percent ( EWNI , 16/5/41 , 832–33 ) . Within such a short time , however , little investment was possible and , as ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |