Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... middle class as the Dutch elite of the late - colonial period . It would be helpful if the size of the middle class could be quan- tified and its characteristics compared with those of the rest of the population . Unfortunately , this ...
... middle class . The term elite could still be applied but middle class better evokes the new lifestyle : suburban , family - centered , car - owning , educated , and white - collar . And whereas elite implies a national phenomenon , middle ...
... middle class , especially that non - Chinese part of it in living in Jakarta , expects political rights , though not necessarily to be shared with the people . The consumerist middle class has absorbed the old priyayi class of officials ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |