Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... mainly seasonal and on dismissal most laborers seem to have returned to their village . How great was the cutback in the demand for seasonal labor is not known but Vreede ( 1931b , 526 ) reports that two thousand laborers had been laid ...
... ( mainly Jakarta ) and only 13 percent to East Java ( mainly Sura- baya ) , the balance being accounted for by Central Java and the Outer Islands . Moreover , this national allocation of Fl 766 million excluded another Fl 435 in special ...
... mainly rice fields and ponds ( map 6.3 ) but had since been transformed into urban kampung . The so - called Embong ... mainly agricultural , others mainly kampung - clearing the population , providing basic infra- structure , and then ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |