Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... Ethnic composition of main Javanese cities , 1930 125 ☺ 3.5 Eligible municipal voters by ethnic group , Surabaya , 1930 126 3.6 Ethnic composition of East Java , 1930 127 3.7 3.8 Religion in Surabaya ( urban ) , 1998 127 Language of ...
... ethnic discrimination . The colonial racial hierarchy had Europeans at the top , followed by Eurasians , Chinese , Other Foreign Orientals ( Arabs , Armenians , Jews , and British Indians ) , and , at the bottom , the Indonesian peoples ...
... ethnic composition was not markedly different from that of Sura- baya's two sister cities . Surabaya had proportionately more Euro- peans and fewer Chinese . However , these differences were too small to affect the class structure ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |