Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... Municipality like a bad con- science . In February 1918 the central government passed a consti- tutional amendment that allowed municipalities to incorporate kampungs by ordinance but pledged no funding to support such an initiative ...
... Municipality had to fund compensation of displaced riverbank dwellers . In 1984 both banks of the river were cleared simultane- ously from Undaan to Semampir ( chap . 6 ) , which enabled work to proceed expeditiously and be completed by ...
... Municipality , to demonstrate that development was beginning to bring tangible benefits to ordinary people ( Silas , interview , 3/10/87 ) . Since the Municipality had such limited funds , this first scheme relied heavily on self - help ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |