week, the Boulevards, and many parts of the city, were lined with troops, and cannon were placed on the bridges, as if Paris was under. going a siege. All this, it may be well supposed, greatly augment ed the exasperation of the people, already sufficiently hostile to the existing ministry.

Amid all the little troubles and disputes, which, as we have seen, agitated France, the country had continued to go on rapidly recovering from the calamities and depres. sion occasioned by the wars of the revolution. From an article in the Moniteur, which, however much disposed to represent things in a light favourable to the nation and the ministry, states facts and figures in a manner consistent only with truth, we abstract a compara. tive statement of the state of things in 1816 and 1826. In 1816 the population of France amounted to 30,000,000; in 1826, it exceed. ed 32. In 1816, her agriculture was at the last gasp, destitute of hands and capital; in 1826, it supported a population greater by a tenth; it doubled its produce of wine, and had more horses by 400,000, more oxen and cows by 350,000 and more sheep by 5,000,000. In 1816, she manufactured less than 100,000,000 of kilogrammes of cast iron; in 1826, more than 160. In 1816, her manufactories consumed 12,000,000 of kilogrammes

of cotton wool; in 1826, 32,000,000. In 1816, she imported 400,000 kilogrammes of silk; in 1826, it was double. In 1816, the wool manufactured was 40,000,000 of kilogrammes; in 1826, 48. In 1816, the sugar refined in France, was 24,000,000 of kilogrammes ; in 1826, 27,000,000. In 1816, her commerce at home and abroad was feeble and confined; in 1826, all the foreign markets received her goods, and the home market was enlarged. In 1826, the foreign trade of France employed 8335 vessels, 659,391 tons, and 61,970 men. From 1816 to 1826, the direct taxes were reduced 72,000,000, and the indirect amounted to 180. In 1816 she was overwhelmed with frightful engagements; in 1826, all the expenses of the occupation and arrears had been paid off three years; the first three fifths of 30,000,000 of rents, created to indemnify the proprietors dispossessed by the revolution, were issued without having affected the price of stocks.

The revenue of France is large and increasing, as will be seen by the following comparative statement of the produce of the revenue for the first nine months of 1826, with the produce of the revenue realized during the same nine months for 1825.

RESUMING the history of the Peninsula where we left it the last year, we proceed, without any prefatory remarks, to describe the organization, progress and conclusion of the Spanish invasion of PORTUGAL, and for the sake of regularity and succinctness we shall complete the account of the latter kingdom before giving that of Spain.

Notwithstanding the apparent cordiality with which don Pedro's constitution was received in Lisbon and other parts of the kingdom, elements of disaffection existed, which soon began to embarrass the movements of the regency. There was a servile party, consisting of many priests, a few nobles, and some of the military officers, who felt irrecon

cilably hostile to the introduction or spread of liberal principles in whatever shape. Through the want of any better point of union, rather than from admiration of the character of the individual, this party rallied around the name of the absent don Miguel. They were secretly assisted by the queen dowager, who, although subject to a kind of honourable confinement at Queluz, was unceasing in her efforts to disturb the new orders of things. The marquis of Chaves, better known in Europe as count Amarante, was an aid of lord Wellington's during the peninsular war. Being a particular friend of don Miguel's, and greatly in favour with the queen mother, and also possessed of great possessions in the northern part of the king

dom, he attained the credit, if credit it may be called, of heading the party which sighed for the restoration of unqualified despotism. In 1823 he led the anti-constitutionalists of Tras-os-Montes, and succeeded in overcoming the cor

tes.

His success at that time may have been considered as prognos. ticating his fortune in the present case; and may thus have imparted boldness to himself, and confidence in him to his followers. His most distinguished associates were the viscount Canellas, and generals Montealegre and Magessi, officers of some reputation in the army. They counted upon seducing the soldiery to join their cause, and upon being warmly supported by the priesthood, the lower classes of whom were not and could not in the nature of things be friendly to the new constitution, which tended to circumscribe their influence and diminish their importance. Work. ing with such instruments, and cloaking their purpose under the specious name of religion, Chaves and his coadjutors manfully prepared to proclaim don Miguel, and to raise the standard of opposition against the regency.

But the conspirators well knew they could accomplish nothing of themselves, and without the aid of some other government. All the great European powers, Great Britain, France, Russia, Prussia, and Austria, had expressly recognized

the new regency, and thus lent their sanction to the constitution. Nothing was to be expected, therefore, from the disapprobation of the leading powers of Europe. But Spain, although she stood alone opposed to the constitutional government of Portugal, and although she was degraded by the mischievous policy of the ruling party to the lowest degree of imbecility and wretchedness,--Spain alone refused to allow the neighbouring kingdom and its legitimate princes to pursue their own measures of internal government. She persisted in regarding the political changes which Portugal had undergone as a pernicious example of misrule, threatening the most fatal consequences to herself; and not content with suppressing constitutional forms at home, Ferdinand seemed to feel it necessary to his safety to prevent their existence in Portugal. He forgot that the constitution, being a free grant from don Pedro, the lawful hereditary sovereign of the kingdom, not extorted from him by fear, nor imposed upon him by rebellious subjects, or disaffected soldiery, was wholly unexceptionable even according to the slavish maxims of the parties to the holy alliance. Disregarding alike the rights of Portugal as an allied nation, and the plainest dictates of prudence, Spain resolved to oppose, and if possible subvert the regency and the constitution.