sire to preserve peace with Colombia, yet, on the 26th of June, the consul general, and chargé des affaires of Colombia, Sr. Cristoval Armero,was ordered to quit the territory of the republic within the space of eighteen hours; and after various communications with the ministry, was under the necessity of departing for Guayaquil. A demiofficial article in the Peruano newspaper, assigns as the reasons of this harsh measure, the unremitted interference of Armero in the domestic affairs of Peru; alleging numerous acts of this kind, performed under protection of his privileges as foreign minister, but in violation of the rules recognised by the law of nations. Nothing official has yet transpired on the subject, within our knowledge; and therefore the grounds of the expulsion cannot be stated from authority. La Mar was received and install. ed in office in August. He landed on the 19th, about forty miles to the north of Lima, and took a private route, in order to avoid the triumphal arches, and other popular honours, which had been prepared in congratulation of his arrival. A just and well founded enthusiasm was universally manifested on the occasion of his installation; for the Peruvians then began to enjoy, for the first time, since the opening of the revolution, a regularly organized government of their own free choice, entirely delivered from foreign influence. The compactness of the territory of Peru, its ample resources, both public and private, and the situa. tion of its government, all combine to render its prospects far better than those of the other South American States. Its only dangerous neighbour is Colombia. The boundary between the two countries is not well setled, inasmuch as the provinces of Jaen de Bracamoros and Mainas, although claimed as part of Colombia, are, de facto, governed by Peru. But this matter is not likely to disturb the good understanding between the two nations; and Bolivar's ambition is the only source from which any interruption of their mutual harmony is to be dreaded. The feelings of the Colombian go. vernment on the subject of Peru, aside from Bolivar himself, may be inferred from a single circumstance. When Heres reached Colombia, he hastened to Bolivar's quarters in Cartajena, from whence he addressed a communication to the vice president Santander, explaining the reasons for his leaving Lima, and complaining of the conduct of the third division, whose of ficers he wished to have brought to trial. Soublette replied, "that the government had nothing to do with the case of general Heres, who had never served the republic of Colombia under the orders of the executive authority." So little sympathy was entertained at Bogo. ta for the ejected members of the council. And it is to be hoped that Bolivar is too wise to bring the indignation of the whole civilized world upon him by an act so outrageous as the invasion of Peru.* * The materials of this chapter are found in the files of La Estrella de Chile, of El Republicano, of Él Cometa, and La Cola del Cometa, of El Conductor, and of Gaceta de Colombia, newspapers of Colombia, Peru, and Chile; in El Amigo del Puablo sobre lo Acaecido en Lima, &c., the Cronica de Lima, Discurso del Deputado Vidaurre sobre Imprentas, and other publications printed at Lima. CHAPTER XI. Scanty accounts of Upper Peru-Sucre reappointed by congress-Colom. bian troops-Sucre's address on his election-Bolivian code sworn toMovement of Fuente on Puno-Sucre stands neutral as to Peru-His address to the Colombian army--Conspiracy in Bolivia-Acquisition of Arica--Bolivia not recognised by Buenos Ayres-Sucre intends to resign. THE remoteness of BOLIVIA Co-ed to draw the attention of the rest operates with its retired position, of South America to this quarter, in the centre, as it were, of South has made Bolivia an object of some America, to render the accounts of jealousy among the patriots of Coits condition, which reach the Uni- lombia and Chili. Yet the country ted States, extremely scanty and is interesting and important, as well imperfect. As it possesses no sea- for the extraordinary richness of ports, the penetrating spirit of our its mines, as because it has been commerce has not yet lifted the veil the theatre of the famous insurrecfrom the rich cities of La Paz, La tion of Tupac Amaru, who attempt. Plata, and Potosi. Our informa. ed to restore the empire of the Intion of this region, therefore, comes cas, and of some of the fiercest batto us through channels which can. tles and most remarkable scenes of not be trusted implicitly in all the revolution. The few authentic cases; because their separate in- facts in its history, which come terests are apt to give an improper within the scope of this chapter, colouring to facts. Buenos Ayres may be briefly despatched. on the one side, and Peru on the other, would each gladly swallow up, or at least form a union with the new republic of Bolivia. And the celebrated Bolivian code, drawn up by Bolivar for the nation which his arms created, while it has serv. We concluded our notice of Bolivia the last year, with a short account of the constitution prepared for this republic by Bolivar. The address to the constituent congress, which accompanies that code, we perceive is dated, May 25th, 1826: and appears to have been written by Bolivar at Lima, where he then resided. On the same day the constituent congress had assembled at Chuquisaca, the capital of Upper Peru; and general Sucre, who bears the title of grand marshal of Ayacucho, resigned the discretionary command, which had been committed to him, into the hands of congress; requesting that body to place a native of the country at the head of the government, He alleged, that he himself was a Colombian, and therefore, in strictness, a foreigner, however closely united to them by the ties of association in victory, and of common suffering in the cause of independence. He urged upon them the danger of committing the liberties of the nation into the charge of a victorious general, whose very successes in war might render him unsafe as chief magistrate of the republic. But either dazzled by the splendour of his name, or overawed by their fears of him who possessed all the military forces of the country, they insisted upon his retaining his power; lest by his with drawing from the administration of the government, affairs should relapse into confusion and anarchy. At length, he consented to exercise the executive authority, until a constitutional president should be elected. But repelling with all the generous pride of a soldier, he said, the idea that the lustre of triumphs should have any influence over the august act of giving a chief to Bolivia, he solicited and obtained a decree, submitting the appointment of president to the free choice of the people. This was precisely the course adopted by Bolivar, it will be remembered, in order to obtain the perpetual dictatorship of Peru. Whether Sucre, whilst imitating the conduct of his general, was actuated by the same motives which influenced the latter, we have not sufficient means to judge. There remained in Upper Peru, at this time, a body of three thousand and three hundred Colombian troops, a division of the auxiliary liberating army. On Sucre's becoming charged with the executive authority of Bolivia, the troops stationed within the limits of this republic, were placed under the command of José Maria Córdova. The exact resemblance of these circumstances to what we have seen of the contemporary condition of Peru, produced the like result in both cases. Antonio Jose Sucre was presented as candidate for the office of president for life, by the nearly unanimous votes of the electoral assemblies; and the constituent congress accordingly pronounced him to be in fact president of the republic. It may be, that this was a perfectly free vote; and if the presidency had been for a term of years, instead of being for life, we should |