1

-The Lieutenant-Governor shall receive for his services a salary of five thousand dollars per annum, to be paid quarterly. La., 230.

--The Lieutenant-Governor, while he shall act as President of the Senate, shall receive for his services the same compensation as the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and any person acting as Governor shall receive the compensation attached to the office of Governor. Ind., 176.

-The Lieutenant-Governor shall be President of the Senate, except when he shall exercise the office of Governor, or when his office shall be vacant, or in his absence; in which cases the Senate shall appoint one of its own members to be President of the Senate pro tempore. And the President of the Senate shall have a casting vote, but no other. Vt., 528.

VETO POWER.

[The New York Constitution of 1846, followed the language used in 1821. It is nearly like that of United States, but differs in using the word "present," in speaking of the return of bills with objections. The veto power under the Constitution of 1777, was entrusted to the Council of Revision, and was as follows:]

-And whereas, laws, inconsistent with the spirit of this constitution, or with the public good, may be hastily and unadvisedly passed: Be it ordained, that the Gover: or, for the time being, the Chancellor, and the Judges of the Supreme Court or any two of them, together with the Governor-shall be, and hereby are, constituted a Council, to revise all bills about to be passed into laws by the Legislature; and for that purpose shall assemble themselves from time to time, when the Legislature shall be convened: for which, nevertheless, they shall not receive any salary or consideration, under any pretense whatever. And that all bills, which have passed the Senate and Assembly, shall, before they become laws, be presented to the said Council, for their revisal and consideration and if, upon such revision, and consideration, it should appear improper to the said Council, or a majority of them, that the said bill should become a law of this State, that they return the same, together with their objections thereto in writing, to the Senate or House of Assembly (in whichsoever the same shall have originated) who shall enter the objections, sent down by the Council, at large in their minutes, and proceed to reconsider the said bill. But if, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the said Senate or House of Assembly, shall, notwithstanding the said objections, agree to pass the same, it shall, together with the objections, be sent to the other branch of the Legislature, where it shall also be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of the members present, shall be a law.

And in order to prevent any unnecessary delays, be it further ordained, that if any bill shall not be returned by the Council within ten days after it shall have been presented, the same shall be a law, unless

the Legislature shall, by their adjournment, render a return of the said bill, within ten days, impracticable; in which case the bill shall be returned on the first day of the meeting of the Legislature, after the expiration of the said ten days. N. Y. (1777), 26.

Every bill, which shall have passed both Houses of the General Assembly, shall be presented to the Governor; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the House in which it originated, who shall enter the objections at large upon the journals, and proceed to reconsider it; if, after such reconsideration, a majority of the whole number elected to that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the other House, by whom it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that House, it shall become a law; but, in such cases, the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for or against the bill shall be entered on the journals of each House, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the saine shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it; unless the General Assembly, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Ala., 79; N. J., 416; Vt., 529; (nearly similar, except time for return) Ark., 89; Ct., 110; Ill., 159; Ind., 175; Ky., 214; Miss., 341; Mo., 355; S. C., 486.

Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary (except on questions of adjournment, and for bringing on elections by the two Houses), shall be presented to the Governor, and, before it shall take effect, be approved by him, or, being disapproved, shall be re-passed by both Houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. Ala., 79; (nearly similar), Ark., 89; Fl., 131; Ga., 147; Ky., 214; La., 230; Minn., 322; Miss., 341; Mo., 355; Pa., 462; Tex., 514.

-Every resolve shall be presented to the Governor, and, before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him; or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. N. H., 405.

COUNCIL.

[A Council of Revision, consisting of Governor, Chancellor, and Judges of the Supreme Court, created by the N. Y. Constitution of 1777], 26.

[A Council of Appointment, consisting of the Governor and four Senators, was created by the N. Y. Constitution of 1777], 30, 32, 34.

-There shall be a Council, to consist of seven persons, citizens of the United States, and residents of this State, to advise the Governor in the executive part of the government, whom the Governor shall have full power, at his discretion, to assemble; and

by all the members present agreeing thereto; and this record may be called for at any time by either House of the Legislature, and any member of the Council may enter his opinion contrary to the resolution of the majority, with the reasons for such opinion. N. H., 407.

-The Legislature may, if the public good shall hereafter require it, divide the State into five districts, as nearly equal as may be, governing themselves by the number of ratable polls and proportion of pubic taxes; each district to elect a Councillor; and in case of such division, the manner of the choice shall be conformable to the present mode of election in counties. N. H., 407.

-And whereas, The elections appointed to be made by this Constitution on the first Wednesday of June, annually, by the two Houses of the Legislature, may not be completed on that day, the said elections may be adjourned from day to day, until the same be completed. And the order of the elections shall be as follows: The vacancies of the Senate, if any, shall be first filled up the Governor shall then be elected, provided there should be no choice of him by the people, and afterward the two Houses shall proceed to fill up the vacancy, if any, in the Council. N. H.,

407.

-That the Senate and House of Commons, jointly, at their first meeting, after each annual election, shall, by ballot, elect seven persons to be a Council of State for one year; who shall advise the Governor in the execution of his office; and that four members shall be a quorum; their advice and proceedings shall be entered in a journal, to be kept for that purpose only, and signed by the members present; to any part of which any member present may enter his dissent. And such journal shall be laid before the General Assembly when called for by them. N. C.,

424.

-That no member of the Council of State shall have a seat either in the Senate or House of Commons. N. C., 425.

-The Supreme Executive Council of this State shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and twelve persons chosen in the following manner, to wit: the freemen of each town shall, on the day of election for choosing Representatives to attend the General Assembly, bring in their votes for Governe with his name fairly written, to the Constable, wh shall seal them up, and write on them, "Votes for Governor," and deliver them to the Representative chosen to attend the General Assembly. And at the opening of the General Assembly there shall be a committee appointed out of the Council and Assembly, who, after being duly sworn to the faithful discharge of their trust, shall proceed to receive, sort and count the votes for the Governor, and declare the person who has the major part of the votes to be Governor for the year ensuing. And if there be no choice made, then the Council and General Assembly, by their joint ballots, shall make choice of a GoverThe Lieutenant-Governor and Treasurer shall be chosen in the manner above directed. And each freeman shall give in twelve votes for twelve Councillors in the same manner, and the twelve highest in nomination shall serve for the ensuing year as Councillors. Vt., 523.

nor.

[A Council of Censors, elected septennially.] Vt.,

527.

[Detailed powers granted to Governor and Council, see Va., 524. Among them are the following:] They are to take care that the laws be faithfully executed; are to expedite the execution of such measures as as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly; and they may draw upon the treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the House of Representatives; they may lay embargoes, or prohibit the exportation of any commodity for any time not exceeding thirty days, in the recess of the House only They may grant such licenses as shall be and shall have power to call together ly, when necessary, before the l stand adjourned. The Gov

ernor or Lieutenant-Governor and the Council, shall meet at the time and place with the General Assembly; [the Lieutenant-Governor shall, during the presence of the Commander-in-Chief, vote and act as one of the Council; and the Governor, and in his absence the Lieutenant-Governor shall, by virtue of their offices, preside in Council, and have a casting, but no other vote. Every member of the Council shall be a Justice of the Peace for the whole State, by virtue of his office. The Governor and Council shall have a Secretary, and keep fair books of their proceedings, wherein any Councillor may enter his dissent, with his reasons to support it. And the Governor may appoint a Secretary for himself and his Council. Va., 524.

Every bill which may have passed the Legislature shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If he approve it he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it with his objections, to the House in which it originated, which shall enter the same upon the journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, it again pass both Houses by yeas and nays, by a majority of twothirds of the members of each House present, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the Governor's objections. If any bill shall not be returned within ten days after it shall have been presented to him (Sundays excepted), the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Legislature, by adjournment, prevent such return. Cal., 98; (nearly similar), Mich., 302; La., 230; Nev., 384; Or., 453; Pa., 462; (nearly similar except in time,) Fl., 131; Iowa, 185; Me., 243; Neb., 374; N. H., 405; Tex., 513; Wis., 564.

-The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by both Houses, before the same shall become laws, but two-thirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent; and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days (Sundays excepted) after it has been presented to him, the same shall be law, unless the General Assembly by their adjournment, shall prevent its reHe may approve any appropriation, and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill, and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by two-thirds of each House. Ga, 147. -If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor ithin ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall

turn.

on

bly, Ill.,

been presented to him, the same shall be a law, ke manner as if he had signed it, unless the GenAssembly shall, by their adjournment, prevent 'urn, in which case the said bill shall be returned first day of the meeting of the General Assemthe expiration of said ten days, or be a law.

-If a ill shall not be returned by the Governor within t › days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have be resented to him, it shall be a law without his igat e, unless the general adjournment shall prevent its turn, in which case it shall be a law, unless the Governor, within five days next after such adjournment, shall file such bill, with his objections thereto, in the office of the Secretary of State, who shall lay the same before the General Assembly at its next session, in like manner as if it had been returned by the Governor. But no bill shall be presented to the Governor within two days next previous to the final adjournment of the General Assembly. Ind., 175.

Any bill submitted to the Governor for his approval during the last three days of a session of the General Assembly, shall be deposited by him in the office of the Secretary of State within thirty days after the adjournment, with his approval if approved by him, and with his objections if he disapproves thereof. Iowa, 185.

very bill and joint resolution passed by the House of Representatives and Senate shall, within two days thereafter, be signed by the presiding officers and presented to the Governor; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it to the House of Representatives, which shall enter the objections, at

large, upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider the same. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members elected shall agree to pass the bill or resolution, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the Senate, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of all the members elected, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journals of each House. If any bill shall not be returned within three days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to the Governor, it shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Legislature, by its adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not become a law. Kan., 199.

[A recent amendment of the Constitution of Kansas allows bills to originate in either House, and modifies the section last quoted.]

-No bill or resolve of the Senate or House of Rep resentatives shall become a law, and have force as such, until it shall have been laid before the Governor for his revisal; and if he, upon such revision, approve thereof, he shall signify his approbation by signing the same. But if he have any objection to the passing of such bill or resolve, he shall return the same together with his objections thereto, in writing, to the Senate or House of Representatives, in whichsoever the same shall have originated, who shall enter the objections sent down by the Governor, at large, on their records, and proceed to reconsider the said bill or resolve; but if, after such reconsideration, twothirds of the said Senate or House of Represensatives shall, notwithstanding the said objections, agree to pass the same, it shall, together with the objections, be sent to the other branch of the Legislature, where it shall also be reconsidered, and if approved by twothirds of the members present, shall have the force of law; but in all such cases, the vote of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names of the persons voting for or against the said bill or resolve shall be entered upon the public records of the Commonwealth.

And in order to prevent unnecessary delays if any bill or resolve shall not be returned by the Governor within five days after it shall have been presented, the same shall have the force of law. Mass., 283. --If any bill or resolve shall be objected to, and not approved by the Governor; and if the General Court shall adjourn within five days after the same shall have been laid before the Governor for his approbation, and thereby prevent his returning it with his objections, as provided by the Constitution, such bill or resolve shall not become a law, nor have force as such. Mass., 294.

-Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and House of Representatives, in conformity to the rules of each House, and the joint rules of the two Houses, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor of the State. If he approve, he shall sign and deposit it in the office of the Secretary of State for preservation, and notify the House where it originated of the fact. But if not, he shall return it with his objections, to the House in which it shall have originated, when such objections shall be entered at large on the journal of the same, and the House shall proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it be approved by two-thirds of that House it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for or against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within three days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Legislature, by adjournment within that time, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. The Governor may approve, sign

and file in the office of the Secretary of State, within

three days after the adjournment of the Legislature any act passed during the three last days of the session, the same shall become a law. Min., 321.

The Governor shall have a negative upon all laws passed by the Legislature, under such rules and limitations as are in this Constitution prescribed. Min.,

223.

-If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall become a law, in like manner as if the Governor had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by its adjournment, shall prevent its return, in which case it shall not become a law, unless the Governor, after such adjournment, and within ten days after the bill was presented to him (Sundays excepted) shall sign and deposit the same in the office of the Secretary of State; in which case it shall become a law, in like manner as if it had been signed by him during the session of the General Assembly. Mo., 355.

- If any bill shall not be returned within five days after it shall have been presented to him (Sunday excepted), exclusive of the day on which he received it, the same shall be a law in like manner as if be had signed it, unless the Legislature, by its final adjournment, prevent such return, in which case it shall be a law, unless the Governor, within ten days next after the adjournment (Sundays excepted), shall file such bill, with his objections thereto, in the office of the Secretary of State, who shall lay the same before the Legislature at its next session, in like manner as if it had been returned by the Governor; and if the same shall receive the vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the Legislature, upon a vote taken by yeas and nays, to be entered upon the journals of each House, it shall become a law. Nev., 384.

-If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days, Sundays excepted, after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law without his signature, unless the general adjournment shall prevent its return; in which case it shall be a law, unless the Governor, within five days next after the adjournment, Sundays excepted, shall file such bill, with his objections thereto, in the office of the Secretary of State, who shall lay the same before the Legislative Assembly at its next session, in like manner as if it had been returned by the Governor. 453.

Or.,

If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten days, Sunday excepted, after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by their adjournment prevented its return, in which case it shall be a law, unless sent back within three days after their next meeting. Pa., 462.

And, that time may be always allowed the Governor to consider bills passed by the General Assembly, neither House shall read any bill on the last day of its session, except such bills as have been returned by the Governor as herein provided. S. C., 486. -Every bill presented to the Governor one day previous to the adjournment of the Legislature, and not returned to the House in which it originated before its adjournment, shall become a law, and have the same force and effect as if signed by the Governor. The Governor may approve any appropriation, and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill. In such case, he shall, in signing the bill designate the appropriations disapproved, and shall return a copy of such appropriations, with his objections to the House in which the bill shall have originated; and the same proceedings shall then be had as in the case of other bills disapproved by the Governor; but if the Legislature has adjourned before the bill is returned to the House, he shall return the same to the Secretary of State, with his objections, and also to the next session of the Legislature. Tex., 513.

To the end that laws, before they are enacted, may be more maturely considered, and the inconvenience of hasty determinations as much as possible prevented, all bills which originate in the Assembly,

shall be laid before the Governor and Council, for their revision and concurrence, or proposals of amendment, who shall return the same to the Assembly, with their proposals of amendment, if any, in writing; and if the same are not agreed to by the Assembly, it shall be in the power of the Governor and Council to suspend the passing of such bills until the next session of the Legislature; Provided, That if the Governor and Council shall neglect or refuse to return any such bill to the Assembly, with written proposals of amendment, within five days, or before the rising of the Legislature, the same shall become a law.] Vt., 525.

[The Constitutions of Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee. Virginia, and West Virginia give no veto power to the executive.]

Summary of votes required to pass bills over veto. Majority of whole number elected: Ala., 79; Ark, 89; Ind., 175; Ky., 214; Mo., 355; N. J., 416; S. C., 486.

Majority of members: Ill., 159; Vt., 529. Majority of two-thirds present: Cal., 98; Me., 243; Mass., 283; Neb., 374; Or., 453; Tex., 513; Wis., 564.

Majority of two-thirds voting: Ct., 110. Majority of two-thirds of members: U. S., 11; Iowa, 185; Min., 321; Miss., 341; N. H., 405; Pa.,

462.

Majority of two-thirds of members elected: Kan., 199; La., 230; Mich., 302; Nev., 384. Summary of time allowed for return of bills. Two days: S. C., 486.

Three days: Ark., 89; Ct., 110; Ind., 175; Iowa, 185; Kan., 199; Min, 321; Neb., 374; Wis., 564.

Five days: Ala., 79; Fla., 131; Me., 243; Mass., 283, 294; Nev., 381; N. H. 405; N. J., 416; Or., 453; Tex., 513; Vt., 529.

Six days: Miss., 341. Ten days: U. S., 11; Cal., 98; Ill., 159; Ky., 217; La., 230; Mich., 302; Mo., 355; Pa., 462.

THE GREAT SEAL, AND ITS USES.

-There shall be a seal of this State, which shall be kept by the Governor, and used by him officially. Ark., 89.

-That there shall be a seal of this State, which shall be kept by the Governor, and used by him as occasion may require, and shall be called "the great seal of the State of North Carolina," and shall be affixed to all grants and commissions. N. C., 424. -There shall be a seal of this State, which shall be kept by the Governor, and used by him officially, and shall be called "the great seal of the State." Tenn., 495; (nearly similar,) Cal., 100; Ind., 181; Iowa, 189; Kan., 198; Miss., 341; Neb., 374; Nev., 385; N. J., 420; Ohio, 436; Or., 459.

-There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be kept by the Secretary of State, and be used by him officially, and shall be called by him the great seal of the State of Minnesota, and shall be attached to all official acts of the Governor (his signature to acts and resolves of the Legislature excepted,) requiring authentication. The Legislature shall provide for an appropriate device and motto for said seal. Min.,

329.

—The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State, and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing, but by order of the Governor or General Assembly, and that used previously to the year 1861, shall be the great seal of the State. Ga, 148.

-The State Seal last heretofore used (until altered by the General Assembly), shall continue to be the Great Seal of the State, and shall be kept by the Governor for the time being, and used by him officially. Fl., 131.

-There shall be a great seal of the State, which shall be kept and used by the Governor officially; and

the seal now in use shall continue to be the great seal of the State, until another shall have been adopted by the General Assembly. Ala., 79. -There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be kept by the Governor, and used by him officially, the said seal shall be a star of five points encircled by an olive and live oak branches, and the words The State of Texas." Tex., 513. -The Secretary of State shall be the custodian of the seal of State, and shall authenticate therewith all official acts of the Governor, his approbation of laws excepted. The said seal shall be called the "great seal of the State of Missouri," and the emblems and devices thereof heretofore prescribed by law shall not be subject to change. Mo., 356.

--All commissions shall be in the name of the State, shall be sealed with the great seal, and be signed and tested by the Governor. Del., 119.

--That all commissions and grants shall run in the name of the State of North Carolina, and bear test, and be signed by the Governor. N. C., 426. -All grants and commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of the State of, be sealed with the State seal, and signed by the Governor. Tenn., 4; (nearly similar,) La., 231; Pa., 466; S. C., 487.

--All Commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of the State; shall be sealed with the great seal of the State, signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary of State. Ala., 81; (nearly similar,) Ark., 89; Cal., 100; Ct., 110; Fla., 131; Ill., 159; Iowa, 189; Kan., 198; Mich., 305; Miss, 341; Neb., 379; Nev., 385; Ohio, 436; Or., 459; Tex., 513. -All communications shall be in the name and by authority of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; shall be sealed with the State seal, signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary. R. I., 477.

-All Commissions shall be in the name of the Commonwealth, signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary or his deputy, and have the great seal of the Commonwealth affixed thereto. Mass., 293; (nearly similar,) N. H., 409.

-Commissions and grants shall run in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and be attested by the Governor, with the seal of the Commonwealth annexed. Va., 540.

All commissions shall be in the name of the State, signed by the Governor, attested by the Secretary or his deputy, and have the seal of the State thereto affixed. Me., 247.

-All official acts of the Governor, his approval of the laws execepted, shall be authenticated by the great seal of the State, which shall be kept by the Secretary of State. Mich., 305.

The Governor shall commisssion all officers not otherwise provided by law. All commissions shall run in the name and by the authority of the State of be sealed by the State seal, signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary of State. Mo., 357.

-All public commissions and grants shall run thus: "The State of Maryland," &c., and shall be signed by the Governor, with the seal of the State annexed; all writs and process shall run to the same style, and be tested, sealed and signed as usual; and all indictments shall conclude "against the peace, government and dignity of the State." Md., 267.

-All commissions shall be in the name of the freemen of the State of Vermont, sealed with the State seal, signed by the Governor, and in his absence, the Lieutenant-Governor, and attested by the Secretary; which seal shall be kept by the Governor. Vt., 526.

It shall be the duty of the Legislature to provide a great seal for the State, which shall be kept by the Secretary of State; and all official acts of the Governor, his approbation of the laws excepted, shall be thereby authenticated. Wis., 571.

-All grants and commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of the State of New Jersey sealed with the great seal, signed by the Governor or person administering the government, and counter