SPONGE-FISHING AND CURING, ATLANTIC COAST. Make a list of the trees which are cut for lumber. Find out what qualities are needed in telegraph poles. Describe each of the scenes on the preceding page. FISHING.-Men who live near or upon the sea are engaged in FISHING. They catch, cure, and pack fish for market. The best fish for food, and the largest numbers, are caught in the waters of the cooler temperate belts. Off the fisheries in the North Sea off the coast of Norway are of great value Find all places mentioned. For all kinds of fish, the fisheries of the western Atlan tic along the coast of the United States are the most valuable in the world. The principal fish caught are cod, mackerel, hake, menhaden, and oysters. The menhaden and cod are valuable for oil The oyster fisheries are of very grea: value. They extend south from the New England coast, the most valuable being those of the Chesapeake Bay Most of the other fish are caught off the coast of New England. The Pacific coast is especially noted for its salmon fisheries. There are valuable fisheries off the coast of northern Japan. Locate them. Describe the different fishing scenes on the preceding page. Learn all you can about each, and tell us about it. Name all the fish of which you know. The sponge fisheries of the Mediterranean Sea are the most valuable in the world. Those of the Bahama Isles are of considerable value, but the sponges are not of as fine quality as those of the Mediterranean. Sponges of commerce are the skeletons of animals which have no organs like other animals. A HUNTERS' CAMP, CANADA. When first pulled from the sea bottom, the flesh, a mass of gluey substance, surrounds the skeleton. They are thrown into vats containing a solution which destroys the flesh. They are then cleansed and dried for the market. Find out all you can about the growth and food of sponges. Also in what ways they are procured from the deep sea. Find out something in regard to their value. The picture, on page 60, represents the sponge fisheries of the Bahamas. Find these islands. Describe the pictures. A FUR-TRADING POST, CANADA. animals which furnish fur for the fur trade-centers. The fur is closer and finer in these cold regions than in any other part of the world. Why? The principal animalfor which they hunt are the ermine, mink, beaver, otter. and sable. To which family group do they belong? (Pag 38.) Many people hunt and fish for sport. Find out what you can about the manner of hunting and trapping. Describe the pictures. London and New York are great fur markets, Nizhni Novgorod in Russia is also a great fur market. The greatest fur market in the world is Leipsig in Germany. different means. All goods are ca ried by railroads, steamships, canals, caravans. COMMERCE and TRADE-CENTERS.-COMMERCE is another very important industry. All people who produce more of any article than they need to consume at home must find a market for it. Commerce different modes of transportation. Compare on engages great numbers of people in var in all sec ious ways tions of the world. By COMMERCE we mean the trade or exchange of prod ucts in one's own country or between different countries. The people of the cold and of the hot countries are en gaged in small trade or barter for the necessaries of life. White people have developed and are developing the commerce of the hot countries. In sections of the temperate belts, especially in North America and Europe, we find the Describe the different scenes representing the with another. Compare one boat with another. All facilities for travel and for the transpor tation of products have increased the commerce of the world. A STREET IN THE LARGEST COMMERCIAL CITY IN NORTH AMERICA; THE SECOND LARGEST CITY IN THE WORLD. great commercial cities or trade-centers of the world. COMMERCIAL CITIES are usually lake, river, or sea ports. They are connected by railroads with all other important trade-centers. It is necessary to provide means for the carrying or transportation of these products. Different countries employ Try to find out some thing of the cost of the different modes of trave and transportation. Every nation of inportance has means for transporting products and merchandise by land and by sea. The steamers which carry merchandise are called "merchantmen ̈ Boats having flat bot toms are used in the more shallow water of lakes and rivers. GOVERNMENT. In all our games we have leaders. and follow, or are governed by, cer tain rules or laws In your home you follow certain rules or habits of living In our schools we have certain orderly ways of doing things, and follow certain rules of conduct for the good of each pupil and for the good of the school You do not feel the force of any rules or laws at home or in school until you break them. People congregate in villages and cities where they can best get a living. They |